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Cooperation nurses and patients with cardiovascular disease in secondary prevention.
BOHÁČOVÁ, Martina
The theoretical part deals with the basic issues clarification of the disease, examination methods in cardiology, prevention of cardiovascular diseases, risky factors and the nurse´s part. The practical part contains processed and evaluated data, gained during the research. The subject matter of the thesis was to map the cooperation between the nurse and the patient with cardiovascular disease within the bounds of providing secondary prevention. To fulfil the research part of the bachelor´s thesis we have set four main aims: 1. To map the nurse´s part in the secondary prevention by a patient with cardiovascular disease. 2. To map the cooperation in the relationship a nurse-a patient within the bounds of secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. 3. To find out patients´ expectations from nurses in the field of secondary prevention at the inpatient ward. 4. To find out patients´ expectations from nurses in the field of secondary prevention in the outpatient care. In connection with these aims we have given the following research questions: 1. Do the patiens know about possible complications which may appear if they do not follow prevention measures? 2. What is the patients´attitude toward gaining information in the field of prevention measures? 3. What is the nurse´s part in the secondary prevention by a patient with a cardiovascular disease? 4. How do nurses and patiens cooperate within the bounds of secondaary prevention in cardiology? 5. What expectations do the patiens have in the field of secondary prevention at the inpatient ward? 6. What expectations do the patiens have in the field of secondary prevention in the outpatient care from nurses? You may find relevant answers to the research given questions in the practical part. A qualitative research has been used for the empiric part of this bachelor´s thesis. Data collection has been realised by means of half-structured dialogue carried out in the hospital of Tabor a.s. and České Budějovice a.s., at the standard and premium service wards of cardiology. Dialogues with nurses and patiens have been arranged into several parts. The first part contains indentification data, the second concerns the nurse´s part in the secondary prevention by a patient with cardiovascular diseas, furthermore mutual cooperation between the nurse and athe patient and the last part is marked as expectations within the bounds of providing secondary prevention. Alltogother 6 general nurses and 6 patients took part. The data gained was processed into charts of thoughts. While interpreting the gained data respondents´ direct quotation was used without linguistic modification. From the dialogues results of the studied groups it is obvious that cooperation and mutual communication between the patient and the nurse is a field where improvements are needed. On the whole, it is obvious, from the research,that mutual and good cooperation takes part in the patient´s treatment. Patients are provided sufficient number of information. The most frequent agent of information is the doctor. Informtion is passed most often orally or by means of brochures and leaflets. The research shows that patiens are well informed in the given problematic. They have knowledge about regime measures, cures and complications which may arrive when not observing recommended advice. The change of lifestyle is inevitable by patiens with cardiovascular diseas. However, this is the biggest problem for the patiens according to the research. Many patiens do not follow important principles and therefore they endanger their health and life. In practice, this thesis may be used to improve awarness in the field of health risk by patiens of cardiology within the bounds of secondary prevention. At the same time the results could help the students of health care as a complement to teaching. The result of the thesis was working out the most important principles which the patient should follow.
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The Role of a Nurse in Prevention of Obesity in Adult Population
DUŠIČKOVÁ, Tereza
Current status: Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by an increased volume of fat in the body (Kasalický, 2011). Usually the value of the amount of fat for men is around 20 - 25 % and 25 - 30 % for women. The research of CLK JEP revealed that 52 % of the adult Czech population is overweight or obese. Compared to the year 2000 - 2001, the portion of the population with higher weight grew by 3 % b. In our population there are 46 % of women and 60 % of men with excessive weight. This result is due to the shortened time dedicated to physical activity (Lifestyle and Obesity, 2006). Subject: The aim of this work is to define the role of general nurses in preventing obesity among adults. Two research questions served this aim. What function is performed by a nurse in the prevention of obesity? What role has the nurse in the prevention of obesity? Methods: To obtain the necessary data for processing the thesis I applied qualitative research that was conducted by individual semi standardized interviews with nurses from obesitologists and general practitioners for adults. At the beginning of each interview, the nurse was informed about the reasons of the research and was assured of anonymity in the dialogue processing. The themes of the conversations were about obesity, it´s prevention, and treatment, inclusion of the role of nurses and integration of nurses in the prevention of obesity in the adult population. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using coding. This coding was carried out on the answer sheet, where the concepts were categorized. The answers of the respondents were divided into units according to their importance, these units were granted code. Further codes were categorized, therefore sorted according to context and visualized using diagrams. Participants: The group consisted of six respondents; from this number were half the nurses from obesitologists and the other half from GPs. The nurses were familiar with the questions in advance; the actual interview was recorded in writing. The survey was carried out in March 2013. Results: The results show that patients are informed about the care provided mostly by their friends or relatives (see diagram 1). The most common diseases which nurses encounter at their workplace are diabetes mellitus; hypertension, obesity, respiratory disease and back pain (see figure 3). Nurses fulfill the nursing function during the initial examination. The patient is weighed and measured, blood pressure is taken, and BMI is determined; waist circumference is measured as well as the percentage of fat. Blood is drawn from the patient and urine samples are taken. The nurses of GP´s added to those replies- hearing tests and stool testing for occult blood (see Figure 5). The whole session is managed by a physician; care is individual and depends on the disease. The patients? doctor adjusts their diet, lifestyle and gives recommendation for exercise. If these methods do not work, they prescribe medication and recommend a surgical solution (see Figure 7). We can include weighing, measuring of height, blood pressure; BMI determination, taking blood and urine samples, providing administrative and medical assistance among the competencies of nurses (see Figure 8). The role of nurses in the issue of obesity: assistant of the doctor, educator, communicator, as well as supporting the patients, lending or giving them literature or educational material (see Figure 9). Conclusion: Obesity is a very dangerous disease. It is linked to many diseases such as the above mentioned diabetes, cardiovascular disease, especially coronary artery disease and hypertension. It is important that the nurse knows how to care for obese patients properly and in primary care. The nurse occupies roles in this issue - educator (teacher), gives or lends the patient educational material, communicates and supports the patient and last but not least assists physicians.
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The Analysis of diet and physical activity in adolescents in České Budějovice
DEDKOVÁ, Veronika
This work is focused on physical activity, diet, daily routine and dietary habits of adolescents at two high schools in České Budějovice. In selected folder also finds occurence of obesity and anorexia. Research was attended by a total of 311 students aged 15 to 19 years. Each of the students has filled a questionnaire on nutrition and exercise and was subject to measure body weight, height and subcutaneous fat. Collected data were processed by BMI and BIA methods and then compared with data from measurements made in 2008. The results indicate 16% of overweight students and only 1% with obesity according to BMI method. BIA method measured 4% with obesity and 9% overweight. Compared to 2008 research there is decrease of students with obesity, but increased numbers with overweight.
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Changes in body weight during the life of women
VELKOVÁ, Eva
The bachelor thesis summarizes basic information about the changes of body weight throughout the woman´s life and dedicates to their issues. It deals with risk periods during the life of women related to body weight changes and presents the current scientific findings and recommendations in this area. In this work, two objectives were set. The first objective was to detect changes in a body weight during a woman's life, another objective was to determine how women are informed about changes in their body weight. The theoretical part describes the changes in the body weight at different stages of the life of women. Here, it deals principally with the increasing body weight and the related need to achieve and maintain an optimal weight. It also describes the recommended energy and biological value of food in the various essential periods of women, which has some influence on their body weight. It also deals with the principles of a proper diet and lifestyle. In particular, it focuses on the main elements, namely: the adequacy of energy intake with respect to the need and expenditure, the distribution of food in different parts of the day, an exercise, prevention of stress and getting enough sleep. In the practical part there are presented results of the research focused on the issue outlined above. The research, carried out in a questionnaire form, is dedicated to the body weight at different critical periods, the analyzing somatometric data, eating habits after the onset of menopause and awareness of this issue by women of the South-Bohemian region. It results from the results of the work that women changed their weight after menopause as compared with their previous weight. By contrast, the research shows that women did not change their eating habits in this critical period at all. The research also shows that women do not have enough information on the justness to keep their body weight, not to increase the weight after menopause. The research further shows that women have no information on the principles of the healthy diet in the period after postmenopausal.
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Dietary habits and lifestyle in metabolic syndrome
TOMANOVÁ, Gabriela
ABSTRACT Title of the work: Eating habits and a lifestyle by metabolic syndrome This bachelor thesis deals with the eating habits and the lifestyle in patients with metabolic syndrome treated in diabetologic clinics. The work is divided into two main parts. The first (theoretical) part deals with the existing and newly discovered knowledge in the area of this issue, the eating habits and lifestyle. Primarily, I studied the issue and changes in MS. In the initial chapter I mention the main components and consequently I deal with most discussed changes in the recent years. The last specified part deals with the factors affecting the MS; here,I have been concerned with the most important categories, including eating habits, physical activity, smoking, genetics and stress. The second part (empirical) should clarify the problems in complying with good eating habits and lifestyle. It should prove the correctness and effectiveness of education in persons showing symptoms of MS. The work was designed as a quantitative research in which the target file was constituted by a selected sample of 120 respondents showing MS in diabetologic clinics. To obtain the necessary information, a questionnaire survey was used. The research confirmed a relatively good education and eating habits in patients with MS. During questioning it was found that 77% of respondents claim to have a sufficient amount of information and good eating habits. But a deeper examination of their dietary habits revealed that only 67% of them actually know how to eat properly. On the other hand, 23% of the observed patients lack of the information from a doctor, therefore they cannot have good eating habits. A positive result is that two thirds of patients educated in the diabetologic clinics are really able to eat properly and work with the information they receive. Unfortunately, the remaining 10% have enough information from their doctor, but they cannot work with the information so as to achieve the correction of dietary habits. A part of this bachelor thesis forms a health educational material that is destined for patients who do not have enough information or those who are familiar with the issue, but are interested to learn more.
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Weekly Range of Physical Activities for Students of JU and the Impact of these Activities on Health
ŠAMÁNEK, Petr
My thesis is focused on the weekly physical activity range of students of the University of South Bohemia and the impact of these activities on their health. The reference set are students of full time bachelor and engineering degree programs of the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice. Physical activity is defined within the theoretical part of the thesis, and is briefly elaborated beyond its basic classification. The remaining chapters are mostly devoted to the influence of physical activities on the diseases called ?civilization diseases?. Other diseases are also described in the context of physical activity in relation to health. In the practical part of the thesis, the results of physical activities are processed and the health status of the students put into context. The aim is to map the range of physical activities of students of the South Bohemian University, determine their impact on health and to make a connection between the range of these activities and BMI values. The research has shown a correlation between the extent of physical activity and health status. This piece of work could be used as a comprehensive source of information relating to the impact of physical activity on human health, and as motivational material for parts of the population living a sedentary life. The thesis is also a documentation of South Bohemian University students´ physical activity in 2012, and sets out information indicative of their health.
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Risk of malnutrition for people with schizophrenia
GIERTLOVÁ, Petra
Schizophrenia is a servus mental illness. The majority of people suffering from this illness require lifelong treatment. The prevalence of risk factors such as development of cardiovascular dinase, diabetes, dyslipidemia, overweight, obesity is higher with regard to the patiens with schizophrenia. A large number of these people have bad rating habits, lack of physical aktivity and nicotine dependence. The use of antipsychotik mediactions also contributes to increased storage of fat and overweight.This Bachelor Thesis consists of teoretici and practical part. The theoretical part, based on the professional literature, describes malnutrition, schizophrenia and its different types, treatment and risks associated with this illness. The practical part focuses on research the main objektive of wich is to find out the incidence of malnutrition among patiens with schizophrenia, the influence of antipsychotik medication and surfy whether the nursing staff at the Nursing home with special care in Libníč is sufficiently informed. The survey is accomplished by means of the qualitative method using non-standardized interview. Research file consists of data submitted by four general nurses from the aforementioned Nursing home. The analysis of health documentation reveals that the majority of schizophrenic patiens suffer from other illness, such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia. The results of this surfy prove that nursing staff are sufficiently informed and aware of possible risk factors associated with the development of cardiovascular dinase with regard to the schizophrenic patiens due to incorrect rating nabits or antipsychotik medication. The interview with the nurses implicates that malnutrition is considered as undernourishment. Accordingly, they identify nutrition care with the work of nutrition therapist and his care of patient nutrition. The nurses are aware of nutrition support. However, they have low level of knowledge regarding the products of modular dietetics.The main objective of this work is to demonstrate that schizophrenic patiens are in Langer of higher mortality and morbidity rate, not only as a results of thein illness, but also due to the antipsychotik medication treatment and inappropriate life style. This is the mason why the nutrition care should not be marginalized, nor neglected during the treatment of mental illnesses.
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Influence of Stress and Nutrition on the Development of Obesity among College Students.
BÍLÁ, Veronika
In my master thesis, I examined whether the psychological stress and from it resulting changes in eating habits at college students may affect the development of obesity. I described the risk factors affecting obesity and defined recommendations on how to prevent this disease. In the practical part research results are beeing evaluated by changes in dietary or other lifestyle factors that affect the development of obesity. The sample was separated in two groups of respondents: students of study program medical assistante - nurse in a full-time and combined way of studying. The research result shown considerable differences in the lifestyles of the respondents of both groups observed during the examination period and beyond of it.
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Options for preventing obesity of children 12 to 15 years
STUDNIČKOVÁ, Marika
At present, obesity ranks as one of the most frequent metabolic diseases caused by multiple factors. According to epidemiologic surveys, prevalence is on the increase, in particular in developed countries. It is also widely known that obesity in child age predetermines obesity in adulthood, when it is accompanied with increased risk of cardiac and metabolic complications. The present bachelor thesis engages in possibilities of prevention of obesity for children from 12 to 15 years of age. The theoretical part summarizes the most significant findings that relate to the aforesaid problems. The practical part focuses on the research conducted in issues of obesity. The authoress examines prevalence of obesity, eating habits of pupils or students, ways of spending free time and physical activities of children. The research applied a quantitative method. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire distributed to elementary school pupils, in the age category of 12 - 15 years, within the range of 7th to 9th elementary school years. The main objective of the thesis was to ascertain how obesity affects a child?s life. A partial objective consisted in mapping the eating habits of children belonging to the older school age, and discovering to what extent physical activity acts on a child?s life. These objectives have been met. From the analysed sample of respondents, their BMIs were calculated and recorded in a percentile graph. The results revealed that 7.2 respondents suffer from obesity and 16.8 % children are overweight. Most of the children from the analysed sample have built up bad eating habits. Almost one third of the respondents attends no sports clubs and spends doing physical activities fewer than two hours per week.
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The specifics of nurse care of the patients after stomach bandage
ZOUBKOVÁ, Veronika
Obesity is spreading throughout the world, therefore this thesis points at one of many possibilities of surgical solutions of obesity. Especially in developed countries, obesity is the most common diseases in these days. This disease is considered to be serious, because it is followed by many complications and shortens life to people suffering with this disease. Observation of obesity shows that around fifty percent of population suffers with obesity in these days. Objective of the bachelor thesis is to point out the specifics of preoperative and post-operative nursing care. Partial objective is to show the complexity of the information provided to the patients by nurses and point out deficits in provided information.
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