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The analysis of growing system of fodder crops for fodder and energetical biomasss production in selected farm
FUČÍK, Karel
The bachelor thesis deals with selected agricultural crops for fodder and energy-energy purposes on the selected farm. The thesis deals with the evaluation of yields and analysis of forage cropping systems on arable land, where the main crop is maize (Zea mays), and also focuses on permanent grassland. The arable land was grassed with a permanent clover-grass mixture consisting of 7 grass species and 1 clover spe-cies. The main aim of my chosen bachelor thesis was to evaluate the development and harvesting of forage stands on both arable land and stands belonging to the TTP, then to evaluate their yield and also to focus on the assessment of plant composition. The plot where the restoration and sowing with clover-grass mixtures took place was also monitored. The chapter evaluating the results of the permanent grassland (TTP) includes an as-sessment of the three selected plots where the distribution of individual clover and grasses was monitored. At the same time, the thesis also focuses on the evaluation of the arable land treatment and the condition of the stands where maize (Zea mays) is grown for feed and energy purposes. The main indicators monitored are soil prepara-tion, sowing style, nutrition and, last but not least, harvesting with yield.
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The influence of share of selected legumes and herbs on senzoric quality of conserved biomass
ŘÍHA, Patrik
The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the quality of preserved biomass in dependence on the composition of samples by sensory evaluation of individual quality indicators of grass silage. The silage of selected types of clovers, herbs was evaluated and compared with a sample of silage from maize. The main indicators included color, fragrance, moldy and rotting, consistency and the last point was counted the amount of dry matter in silage. These indicators were monitored on 33 samples of silage coming from the Vysočina Region and the Třebíč District. After the end of the preservation the indicators were scored and the points were added up. After adding the points, the individual samples were evaluated as successful or unsuccessful. Furthermore, the work focuses on the distribution of fodder in terms of carbohydrates and nitrogen substances, factors affecting forage quality, preservation of forage by silage, its processing technology and last but not least, the use of preservatives and their importance. Botanical images of selected meadows were also taken and the coverage of the evaluated species of clover and herbs as well as agrobotanical groups was determined.
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Porovnání kvality siláží známých a méně známých druhů jetelovin
Vlček, Martin
The diploma thesis is focused on comparison of the quality of forage and silage from known (Medicago sativa L., Trifolium pretense L.) and lesser known (Trigonella foenum-graceum L., Trifolium alexandrinum L.) legumes. Evaluated factors were orga-nic nutrients (crude protein, crude fiber, acidodetergent fiber and neutrodetergent fiber), aqueos extract quality (pH, amonia, etanol, organic acids and acidity of aqueous extract). Expereimental silages were made in free treatmenst (without treatment, biological treatment and chemical preservative). Crude protein kontent was camparable between varieties. The highest content (P<0,05) of crude fiber was for Holyna variety (36,3 %), while the lowest content (P<0,05) of crude fiber was for Hanka variety (21,1 %). The use of preservatives affected the values of organic nutrients in the silage of the evaluated legumes. No butyric acid was found in silage treated by chemical preservative. The highest acidity value of the aqueous extract was for Spurt variety silage (1085,5 mg∙100 g-1 KOH). The use of preservatives has reduced the acidity of the aqueous extract.
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Typological classification and categorization og grasslands in selected area and recommendation of sutable grassland management
KADLECOVÁ, Jana
The aim of this thesis was to create the botanic snap of the chosen locations, which were meadows, grasslands, pastures and also fallow grass areas, to determine the area coverage of three main agrobotanic species i.e. grass, herbs and clover, to process it with the statistcal software and determine the method and intensity of use and fertilization of individual locations and suggest the suitable prato-technical methods. The cenological structure of the locations has been observed and described using botanic snaps. The prato-technic method used were documented for each of the locations and evaluated the influence on the cenological structure. The research was performed in locations Vřeskovice, Čeletice, Městiště in the region Pilsen, former district of Klatovy. In each location the botanic snaps were taken from 3 areas of about 5 x 6 meters each. There were determined the area coverage of grass, herbs and clovers and calculated the mean indication value of humidity. Mean indication value of humidity is the parameter usable for determination of permanent grassland management and utilization. The data from the research was elaborated in software MS Excel. I recommend to manage the analyzed permanent grasslands as follows: 1. The meadow Vřeskovice behind the sewage cleaning station - additional sow of perennial rye grass, meadow clover and white clover. 2. The meadow Mstice - total recovery alternatively conservative prato-technic measures - manure fertilization for about 20t/ha and additional sow of meadow and white clover and grass - red fescue, blue grass and perennial ryegrass. 3. The meadow above the transformer station Vřeskovice - keep on current management od additional clovers sow. 4. The pasture Čeletice grazed by horses - keep on current management or additional sow of red fescue, tall fescue and timothy grass. 5. The meadow Městiště with combined utilization by cattle pasture and mowing - keep on current way of use. 6. The pasture Vřeskovice grazed by cattle - keep on current utilization or additional sow meadow and white clover. 7. The pasture Vřeskovice grazed by sheep - keep on the current utilization, in future after the reduction of dangerous knapweed to decrease the amount of pastured animals. 8. The fallow meadow Vřeskovice behind Petrovický neither mowed nor pastured - proposed mulching twice a year for about 1 or 2 years, then pasture or pasture of extensive cattle breed (Galloway) or sheep or periodical mowing once or twice a year. 9. The fallow meadow Vřeskovice trench at the farmhouse - leave as a fallow meadow improves the biodivesity, optionally to mow once or twice a year from estetical reasons.
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Evaluation of legume cover foundation and state in operating areas
TUPÁ, Kateřina
The diploma thesis deals in the first part with the importance and the characteristics of the most famous and the most cultivated clover crops in our country. Clover crops distinctly increase yield of fodder crops and production in temporary and permanent grasslands with a low fertilizer requirement. The production of high-quality bulky feed on the arable land and on permanent grasslands leads to a higher nutrients concentration for high-performance animals. The second part of this thesis is focused on the own monitoring of the Hare's-foot clover, where operating areas was chosen in the South Bohemian region. On operating areas, which were 1-year, 2-years, 3-years old, there was studied the manner of planting, the quantity of plants and stems per 1 m2 and the yield of fodder crops of one of the most important clovers cultivated in the Czech Republic were determined by a numerical method. In conclusion, the methods of regulation of yield of fodder crops and quality of crop production take into account agrotechnical and technological procedures, cultivated crops and, last but not least, agricultural machines affect the quality and condition of the growths. Because fodder is important not only for good forage, but also for non-production functions, environmental protection, landscape creation, revitalization and species diversity.
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Influence of soil tillage on lucerne root morphology in the seeding year
Diviš, Michal ; Hakl, Josef (advisor) ; Kamila, Kamila (referee)
The aim of this study was to evaluate effect of different soil tillage and seeding rate on alfalfa root morphology. The field experiment was established in 3 variants of tillage: shallow cultivation (MK), loosening (HK) and conventional tillage (plough), all under two seeding rate (4 and 7 MGS). After autumn cut, root samples were collected in the depth of 25 cm. Lower seeding rate increased intensity of branching and number of lateral root per plant. Total mass of roots per hectar was higher in higher seeding rate variant. Ploughed variant provided higher intensity of branching and branching depth was the deepest of all variants. Loosed variant showed highest branch diameter out of all variants. Highest plant number per square meter was achieved in loosed variant but shallow cultivation showed highest plant survival rate of all variants. Tillage affected weed infestation by 33,6 %. Dominant weeds in ploughed variant were field pennycress and pale persicaria. Dominant weeds in loosed variant were redroot pigweed and cockspur, while in shallow tillage variant dominant weeds were represented by cleavers and common knotgrass. Results of experiment show that shallow cultivation and loosening have similar influence on plant density and root morphology as conventional tillage. Reduced seeding rates are possible, but due to problematic field emergence of alfalfa and higher weed infestation of thinner stands, higher seeding rates prove themselves as superior.
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Monitoring of ecological conditions and occurence of selected legume species and herbs in grassland
JAKŠOVÁ, Marie
Understanding the importance and the possible use of clover in permanent grassland is very important. Their irreplaceable role in nitrogen fixation and enrich the soil of this essential element is very important. The significance of herbs in grassland is also significant, even though its importance is often overlooked. Herbs not only serve as indicators of habitat conditions, but also can improve the quality and palatability of forage. If we know the herbs and legumes and their habitat requirements will help us select the most suitable way of management and the effective use of the potential of the habitat. The aim of the thesis was to observe conditions of use and the occurrence of selected legumes and herbs in TTP. Research can therefore conclude that the biggest influence on the composition of the grassland have ecological conditions. Way management can to some extent affect the crop themselves, but the biggest factor remains what we can not influence and that is the weather. The results also shows that the richer pastures.
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Pícniny v osevních postupech a ve výživě zvířat
Sláma, Miloš
The aim of the study was to assess the development of crop rotations with regard to the current state of fodder crops, when it began to wane sown forage and reduce the number of cattle as well. The thesis also deals with the principle of crop rotation, the appropriateness of including different types of forages and the influence of the inclusion of forage in crop rotation and nutrient parametres of cattle. Properly assembled crop rotation contributes to the smooth growing of plants and enrichment of the soil by a large number of underground and aboveground phytomass. Classification of forages contributes in many cases to increase soil fertility. Very suitable in this context is inclusion legumes, particularly clover plants, but also pea, which leave large quantities of crop residues and also due to symbiotic root with nodule bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen. In ruminant rations represent an important source of protein components. The greatest use of legumes in feed industry is sown alfalfa and clover. To complement the carbohydrate components of the feeding dose is of utmost importance to maize silage, which is due root crops character with possible direct fertilization also improving crop in crop rotations.
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