|
|
Measurement and evaluation of emission gas production in selected cattle operation.
KAŠÍK, Ladislav
Measurement and evaluation of emission gas production in the selected operation with cattle''. This thesis deals with environmental pollution, especially livestock production in agriculture. The work is based on the determination of emission gases NH3, CO2, NH4, and NO2 and water vapor in the barn with redholsteen cattle breeds in ZD Krásná Hora nad Vltavou a.s. This work also deals with ammonia in agriculture, greenhouse gases and methods, which determine their concentrations. Average concentrations of the gases were as follows: CO2 = 1 188, 73 mg. m-3, water vapor = 8 181.29 mg.m - 3, N2O = 0.535 mg.m-3, NH3 = 1.14 mg.m -3; CH4 = 4.81 mg.m-3. The total average amount of all measured concentrations is 9376, 45 mg.m-3.
|
|
|
Trading with permits CO2
VROBEL, Radim
In this diploma thesis about the trading of permits CO2 to focus on the issue of release of carbon dioxide in a European context and its control through a system of tradable CO2 - EU ETS. I focus on the first two trading period of the EU ETS, in terms of allocated permits, price trends, and number of permits traded in the two periods in selected EU countries and the Czech Republic. The aim is to determine how appears a system of tradable CO2 permits in selected EU countries and the Czech Republic in the context of fulfillment obligations to reduce CO2 emissions under the Kyoto Protocol. The work compare the situation in the Czech Republic with selected EU countries in selected indicators of specific emissions trading and CO2. The work seeks to determine to what extent the ETS helps in improving the situation of individual countries in absolute production of CO2. The first chapter introduces the issue of climate change. It explains what are greenhouse gases, greenhouse effect and how this effect works. It acquaints readers with one greenhouse gas and that is carbon dioxide. Then the work explains how climate change takes place and there is also described climate history of the Earth, which is necessary to closer understanding of the issue. Then follows the description of international organizations, which deal with climate protection and have international influence. The second chapter focuses on ways to solution climate change. The bigger attention is devoted to the trading with carbon dioxide, than the work explaines the functioning of the European ETS, its development and global influence on the production and reduction of CO2. Than is the chapter devoted to notes and obligations that are promised in the Kyoto Protocol and closer specified the position of the Czech Republic in this Convention. In the third chapter compares the work selected countries of the European Union, which are the largest issuers of the Union's carbon dioxide. If it is possible to compare states in terms of their commitments and reduce CO2 implementation of these commitments. It appears that a large part of the EU Member States fulfill their obligations only partially, and some states it does not meet at all. For some selected countries we can see even an absolute increase in these emissions. Production of CO2 emissions is expressed in the comparison of selected countries in various indicators such as a production of CO2 per GDP or per inhabitant or per hectare of forest. It seems that not all states have aligned their emissions, which are important for sustainable development in that states. The last part compares selected countries in terms of allocated permits in the first and second ETS trading period and describes the evolution of both periods. Finally we performed a detailed analysis of price trends of permits especially in the first ETS period.
|
|
|
The Fulfilment of the Kyoto Protocol Commitments by the BRIC States
Leimerová, Magdalena ; Druláková, Radka (advisor) ; Rolenc, Jan Martin (referee)
The impact of climate changes has been one of the most discussed topics past few decades. The Kyoto Protocol, as the first international legal document containing exactly quantified commitments to reduce six greenhouse gases, tries to prevent their negative role. This bachelor thesis is focused on the BRIC states as the group which represents one of the biggest issuers of the greenhouse gases. The thesis also presents the summary of the international environmental policies, introduces the Kyoto Protocol and provides readers with the detailed analysis of the fulfilment of the Kyoto Protocol by the BRIC states.
|
|
|
Emission allowance trading: connection and evaluation
Havelková, Tereza ; Cihelková, Eva (advisor) ; Musil, Dalibor (referee)
The Bachelor thesis is focused on the issue of emission trading and offers an analysis of chosen models, which aim is to cut greenhouse gas emissions. To be more specific, the thesis deals these models -- the model used within the Kyoto Protocol, European Union Emission Trading System, Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative, Western Climate Initiative and the Tokyo Emission Trading System. The goal is to analyze these models, evaluate their advantages and disadvantages and consider the idea of implementation of one integrated model. The secondary goal is to estimate the future development.
|
|
|
The EU Emissions Trading Scheme and the Czech Companies
Franc, Martin ; Gráf, Václav (advisor) ; Vebrová, Ludmila (referee)
The introduction of EU Emissions Trading Scheme brings into the economy of the European Union the new constraint - the need to keep greenhouse gas emissions within specified limits. For the part of companies, and even for some countries, however, existence of the system so far has been contrary benefit. These countries include the Czech Republic. The aim of my bachelor's degree disertation is to evaluate how the system has affected the economy of Czech companies or entire sectors, and what to expect from future development.
|
|
|
Problems in pig breeding with regard to ammonia emissions and greenhouse gases in relation to the environment
STLUKA, Pavel
Limitation of emission ammonia and greenhouse gases is a main assumption in the present time for modification the relation between agriculture and environment. The agriculture influences significantly environment only from point of view of landscape creation but mainly in the three fields, i.e. air, water and soil. Agriculture activity effects considerably all the three fields and particularly intensive breeding of livestock by it?s by ? products i.e. organic remainders and gaseous emissions also have negative impact onto environment. Agriculture produces up to 90 % of world-wide ammonia products. In European measure the amount of ammonia leakage has to be reduced. One of the perspective technologies is exploitation biotechnological products to moderate exhalation of ammonia and greenhouse gases in surrounding stable, on dump and at the application farmyard manure and slurry.
|
|
|
The issue of ammonia and greenhouse gases emissions measurements at breeding cattle on pastures and the impact on the environment.
HASÍK, Juraj
The Bachelor´s Thesis lists different methods for measurements of ammonia concentration according to the standards of Czech Technical Standards (ČSN) and the Research Institute of Agricultural Engineering (VÚZT Praha). Further, it includes selected methods for measurements of concentration of individual greenhouse gases. The project took place in the co-operative farm (ZD) Krásná Hora nad Vltavou. The ammonia concentration was first measured in the stables using the electronic sensors method and then using the method of measurement of the substrate in the measuring tunnel on pastures. In the stables, the obtained values from untreated cattle slurry and the obtained values from cattle slurry treated by AMALGEROL were being compared. The measurements of ammonia concentration on the pasture were focused on the ammonia release into the air after micro climatic and physical intervention.
|
|
| |
|
|
Emission allowances and the carbon taxes
Eretová, Veronika ; Pavel, Jan (advisor) ; Vítek, Leoš (referee)
The thesis " Emission allowances and the carbon taxes" deals with instruments of air protection. It describes and compares two mechanisms of air protection: emission allowances and carbon tax. The first part of the thesis focused on the current condition of the atmosphere and on changes, which are caused by greenhouse gases. The second part of the thesis, at first, deals generally with the instruments of air protection and then describes the european emission trading scheme and the carbon tax. Finally the both instruments are compared from several aspects. The thesis investigates advantages and disadvantages implementing of these instruments.
|
|
|
Impact of the EU ETS on the czech companies
Cejnar, Michal ; Jílková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Vojáček, Ondřej (referee)
Emission trading allowances are one of the new instrument of the environmental protection, which is, as an EU ETS component, influencing almost 400 czech companies with just about 500 air polluting sources in the Czech republic. This diploma thesis deals with the main impact of the EU ETS on the czech companies. The analysis is focused on the first trading period 2005 -- 2007 and on the first year of the second trading period 2008 -- 2012. Methodology of the analysis is based on the qualitative research with individual in-depth interviews with czech companies and is focused on the research of induced costs and diverse approach and motivations of the large and small companies within the EU ETS
|
guest ::
