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Exotic species of herpetofauna in Europe and their impacts on native species
VOREL, Michal
The aim of this study was to carry out a research about the invasions of alien species of herpetofauna and their impacts, to present contemporary state of the studies of alien species in Europe, to analyze success of the invasions in terms of their taxonomic groups, to analyze the impacts of successful inavasions, to evaluate the results and suggest the project of appropriate precausions. Database Web of Science, Zoological Records and web browser Google Scholar were used as sources for searching scientific papers. These were the key words: "alien, reptiles/reptilia; alien, amphibians/ambhibia, invasive". The scientific studies which mentioned introduction of alien reptiles and amphibians to Europe were chosen from database. Population which was viable and reproduced repeatedly was considered as the stable population. Eight species from order salamanders, 20 frogs, eight turtles, 23 lizards and 11 snakes were introduced into geografic part of Europe. The most of the introduced species of alien herpetofauna belonged into families: Ranidae, Lacertidae and Emydidae. The most common pathways for introduction of alien species of herpetofauna were: pet trade, intentional release and cargo stowaway. In the future, the restriction of breeding certain problematic species (ban of import Lithobates catesbeianus and Trachemys scripta scripta into the Europe), more thorough controls of cargo transportation and especially information campaign in schools and media could be solution to the issue of introduction of alien species.
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Population dynamic of amphibians and reptiles of Vlkovská sandpit
RŮŽIČKA, Jan
The theoretical part contains summary of the literature on the topic of succession, mining, human impacts on biodiversity, land reclamation and ecological requirements of reptiles and amphibians. The practical part contains the observations of these two model groups of animals and subsequent evaluation of their abundance and diversity. During the three years I made total 37 herpetological observation, during which I observed the occurrence of eight species of reptiles and amphibians on five locations. When observing reptiles and amphibians I used non-invasive methods of observation. The found species were Zootoca vivipara (507 individuals), Lacerta agilis (583 individuals), Pelophylax esculentus (976 individuals), Pelophylax ridibundus (710 individuals), Pelophylax lessonae (1,401 individuals), Lissotriton vulgaris (203 individuals), Natrix natrix (32 individuals) and Anguis fragilis (7 individuals). The values in the brackets represent the total number of individuals found during 3 seasons. Generically the richest site was "Jezírka" (8 species), species habitat poorest contrary, "Přesyp" (2 species). In all the years the abundance of two model groups (frogs and lizards) were significantly different (abundance of Pelophylax: Chí Square = 2764; d. f. = 4, p <0.001, Zootoca + Lacerta: Chí Square = 119; d. f. = 4, p <0.001. Pelophylax: Chí Square = 1573; d. f. = 4, p <0.001, Zootoca + Lacerta: Chí Square = 43; d. f. = 4, p <0.001. Pelophylax: Chí Square = 37; d. f. = 4, p <0.001, Zootoca + Lacerta: Chí Square = 741; d. f. = 4; p <0.001). The researchl lasted three vegetation seasons. They had distinctly different climatic conditions. The abundance of reptiles and amphibians in season of 2013 was significantly impacted by the spring floods. Season 2014 any major climatic fluctuations and therefore I considered it as a standard. Season 2015 was greatly influenced by the high summer temperatures and the lack of greater precipitation during the summer months. This fact influenced mainly amphibian populations.
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Non-invasive methods for individual identification of reptiles
KROUFKOVÁ, Michaela
Reptiles are a common group of animals used to various researches. Invasive identification methods are often used in these researches to recognize individuals in population. These methods negativly affect lifes of individuals and can cause die-off. For these reasons so called individual non-invasive identification methods arise, which can help with better handling of examined individuals and their easy and cheap recognition. These are easy and fast methods, where morphological characteristics of individuals and their natural unusualnesses of their body signs (scars, spots) are used. Very importand method is photografical identification with help of photografical system called I3S (Interactive Individual Identification System), which uses significant lizards signs very similar to peoples fingerprints. In this work you can find a review of studies which are concerned with these non-invasive methods. These methos can improve identification of individual reptiles and hadling with them. Above all, this work contains reptile species, where these methods are succesfully used and a summary of morphological characteristics by which the identification is performed.
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Effect of disturbances on reptile and amphibian assemblages in oak forests of Podyji National Park
BALOUN, Jaroslav
The thesis focuses on the monitoring of reptiles and amphibians of different habitats in six sampling areas in the Podyjí National Park. The monitoring was conducted by the method visually searching for reptiles along walking transect and by using black pond foils as artificial hiding places from 2012 to 2015. The thesis evaluates habitat preferences of reptile species common in the area. The most preferred were partially open habitats, such as the forest edge and open sparse oak forest. The least preferred habitat was shady, closed-canopy forest. The results demonstrate the positive effect of distrubances on most reptile species in the oak forests of Podyjí NP. Habitats suitable for numerous endangered species, including many reptiles, decline due to gradual overgrowing of sparse oak forests and woodlands. The results of this thesis highlight the importance of active conservation forest management to protect the presence of open woodlands and sparse forests.
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ZOO Park Dvůr Králové - Generel
Havlík, Darina ; Kokeš, Václav (referee) ; Boháč, Ivo (advisor)
The proposal project is designing the development plan of the ZOO in Dvur Kralove nad Labem, as has designed a new exhibition of new lions, hyenas, birds of prey, the African desert and the object of refreshments for visitors. Architectural study addresses the design of objects - pavilions exposure for lions, hyenas, a pavilion with an aviary for birds of prey - bird world, the African pavilion terrarium desert and finally building with a cafe and toilets for the visitors of the ZOO. The proposed approach also runs the individual pavilions, then runs for the lions and hyenas and near runs in the African desert ungulates and seasonal runs. The proposed solution recognizes the zoo premises as a place for keeping large animal species composition, education of visitors, as the meeting place of rest and relaxation. The solution takes into account the complex relationships and interactions between exposures in a given area, not only in terms of architectural and aesthetic approach to the complex, but also in terms of operating and zoological.The zoo is a park with specific exposure to live with a balanced human rights - a visitor to one side and kept the animal on the other. The proposed solution to the Zoo is sensitive to the surrounding landscape, the existing urban and architectural design and space requirements for any award. From an operational point of view, the proposal accepted by all the requirements of the future. Areas and facilities for public service facilities, paddocks and animal quarters are each precisely defined and strictly separated geographically and operationally. Are the optimal conditions for the movement of animals between quarters and corral. The proposed solution is very rich in variety of areas, which in addition to the versatility of targeted animals, reflected in the richness of flora and fauna and thus contributing to environmentally high value sites. All spaces is a common need a sufficient level of daylight and direct sunlight. The entire area surrounding the exposure and access roads are designed to completely wheelchair accessible and accessible for persons with reduced mobility. The proposed solution to a sensitive development of existing space is achieved by a better, easier and easier availability. Term solutions proposed pavilions, yards and access roads is based on the themes of African villages. Small scale architectural and mutual spatial composition of individual materials of the new pavilions interconnected units reflects the typical mass breakdown of urban structures in the original locations of breeding species. Pavilions and animal quarters, and appropriately use the added space in the area of ??the zoo and complete the overall character of the place in the context of the current solution to urban zoo.
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Revision of tapeworms of family Diphyllobothriidae (Eucestoda: Solenophoridae) from the monitor lizards
VLNOVÁ, Ivana
Diphyllobothriidean tapeworms are well-known parasites of mammals including man, but species parasiting in reptiles are much less known. These tapeworms belong to three genera (Bothridium, Duthiersia, Scyphocephalus) of the family Solenophoridae and are characterized by their unique scolex morphology. They occur in the intestine of varanid lizards and snakes. All three genera are known from Asia, two from Africa (Bothridium and Duthiersia) and one from Australia and South America (Bothridium). Individual genera are well characterised, but species composition of these genera is not well understood. This study surveyed available literary data on the genera Duthiersia and Scyphocephalus and provides new information based on new collected material from Africa and Southeast Asia and material deposited in helminthological collections.
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Amphibians and reptiles of Vlkovská sandpit surrounding
RŮŽIČKA, Jan
The successional course is the most important factor affecting consequential characteristics of the mine areas. The succession is influenced by man both by his activity or inactivity, for example by using various types of reclamation or by leaving the area to spontaneous succession. The theoretical part of the thesis contains literal review of the literature dealing with succession, mining, man and biodiversity, reclamation and ecology of reptiles and amphibians. Practical part contains observing of those two model groups and evaluation of their abundance. I accomplished 13 herpetological observations during 7 months and I noted 7 species of reptiles and amphibians at 5 studied localities. I used non-invasive methods of the observation. I recorded following species: Zootoca vivipara, Lacerta agilis, Pelophylax esculentus, Pelophylax ridibundus, Pelophylax lessonae, Natrix natrix and Lissotriton vulgaris. The highest diversity was found at the locality "Jezírka" (7 species), the lowest at locality "Přesyp" (2 species). Using Chi-Square test I rejected the hypothesis, that there is no difference in abundance among studied localities (abundance of Pelophylax, Chí Square = 2764; d. f. = 4; p < 0,001 and Zootoca + Lacerta, Chí Square = 119; d. f. = 4; p < 0,001).
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Parasitofauna of Reptiles of Europe
ŽÍDEK, Jakub
This thesis presents the most comprehensive historical overwiev of reptile parasites living in Europe, including basic taxonomic information, the known geographic range, host range and important references. Data needed to create a host-parasite list was obtained from scientific articles. In the present work are recorded parasites of the Eropean reptiles throughout their entire range. Moreover was created a comprehensive list of the European herpetofauna that were still incomplete, including threat status and endemic species.
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The trade of reptiles protected by CITES convention between EU and third countries
NOVÁKOVÁ, Barbora
CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) is an international agreement between governments. Its aim is to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival. The thesis is focused on trade in species protected by CITES reptiles in the Czech Republic in relation to third countries for the period 1992-2011. The information gathered was used from CITES annual reports of the Czech Republic. The main objective was the organization of data on trade in live reptiles and inanimate for the period 1992-2011 for further statistical processing. The results were statistically analyzed.
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Mortality of reptiles on the road and its solution - a literature review
PORUBSKÁ, Nikola
High mortality of reptiles on roads is caused by the rapid development of transportation and the constant building of new infrastructure. Consequently, this may result in the isolation of populations, which may threaten their long-term viability. Mortality of reptile populations is also affected by the development of agriculture and the associated urbanization. In this work the overview of situation for a few selected species is presented based on available studies dealing with the negative influences acting on the species of reptiles. Further, there are discussed a few proposed measures to mitigate the mortality of individuals on roads and the necessity of public awareness of this problem.
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