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Steady state calculation of 22kV network
Kaplanová, Klára ; Opat, Jaroslav (referee) ; Topolánek, David (advisor)
Master's thesis proposes a new operation state of distribution network 22kV in Prostějov district after connection of the new Prostějov – Západ substation. The PASS DAISY OFF-LINE Bizon program is used to calculate power losses, optimal network possibilities, as well as to create a new model of Prostějov district's distribution network and to design a modification of a current state of given location. A description of this calculating and simulation program is also included in this paper. The theoretical part describes calculating methods of distribution network’s condition, with emphasis on mathematical method used by PASS DAISY OFF-LINE Bizon program, the modified Newton-Raphson method. The aim of this paper is to prepare technical documentation for E.ON company, with respect to new operation disconnection, planned overhead and cable lines of corresponding parameters. These changes in network's configuration will cause a new distribution of feeding areas. As a result, related changes of provided power from individual feeding points and changes of power currents in electric lines will occur. Due to new operation connection, a reduction of losses and, simultaneously, an improvement of voltage ratios are expected. One of the aims of this paper is to update network's model in PASS DAISY OFF-LINE Bizon program to match the current network’s state of a given area. The outcome of this work is a comparison between the current condition and the new operation condition, with new Prostějov – Západ substation connected, from perspective of distribution network's operator.
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Stabilized operation and short-circuit conditions within E.ON 110kV power network supplied from Otrokovice 110kV switching station, during the period of 2012
Kuba, Petr ; Rampl, Martin (referee) ; Blažek, Vladimír (advisor)
This thesis deals with steady running and short-circuit conditions in the 110 kV network, E. ON, fed from 110 kV Otrokovice. Substation Otrokovice ensures system transformation from 400 kV to 110 kV system through three transformers. In order to increase reliability of power supply and improved economy is considered to bridge the transition from the operation of two transformers in bridge operations of the three transformers. However, this brings with it significant worsening of short-circuit conditions in the 110 kV network. The task of this work is to evaluate and compare the two variants of operation in terms of steady running and short-circuit conditions in the network at 110 kV and then implement operational and technical measures. The introduction describes the electricity system and its parts. The theoretical part of the paper discusses ways of dealing with steady running and short circuit conditions of long lines. Practical part will deal with applications of knowledge on the network. The conclusion summarizes the most relevant information and the results assessed both variants.
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Generating of the fault record for protection and fault indicator testing
Bažata, Petr ; Jinderle, Pavel (referee) ; Topolánek, David (advisor)
The thesis is focused on a presentation of a model creating which is followed by the simulation of running real network with using the compensatory elements to minimize the incurred failures. This thesis is divided into two thematic parts – the first theoretical one deals with the basis structuring of short-circuit faults and more detailed study of ineffective ground connection. Particularly this part attends to the problematic of a network description with extinguishing suppression. Using the compensation minimizes the impact of the failure state. A short-term fixing of a resistor improves the function of the ground-fault protection and helps to detect the outgoing section damaged by the defect. Furthermore the thesis indicates simulation programs, compares them and chooses the most suitable one for the next practical part. This is focused on a simulation of a real network run, together with elements for an effective defect-reduction or easier detection of ground connection. As a simulation of a ground short-circuit is the model in the end of the thesis modified on a network with an effective grounded bundle. Testing of the model correctness and creating a record of a model using the real ground protection settings is also one part of this thesis.
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The assessment of connectivity 138 MW combined heat and power plant in Prostějov
Vacek, Tomáš ; Opat, Jaroslav (referee) ; Bátora, Branislav (advisor)
The goal of this project is to test the possibility to connect the Cogenerational generation of power 138 MW (still in the development stage) to the control room 110 kV in Prostejov production. This merge would product the electrical energy as well as the heat energy for all local area. In this dissertation we will be considering the solution of the steady state (stationary state) of system with the voltage level of 110kV, as well as the influence of the generation of power on this system, there by the suggesting a connection. The Congenerational production indicates higher effectiveness in the transformation of energy during primary production process due to the production of heat energy as well as the electrical energy from the primary power sources. In our country, as well as around the world, commonly used fuels are fossil fuels- coal, crude oil, and gas. As the demand for energy grows, those supplies are slowly running out. Not to mention that those fuels have a negative environmental impact. They are a source of carbon, which causes damage to the atmosphere and leads to global warming. Power plants which do not produce carbon are much safer for the environment, and much more productive. However, the residue of this energy is challenging to dispose of. Nuclear energy has common attributes with renewing the sources of energies that are extremely friendly to our environment. Nuclear power plants also produce enough energy and with the usage of Fourth generation reactors, they will be able to recycle the nuclear fuels. Today, more importance is put on renewing sources which are more gentle for the environment. In the near future, CEZ Company, the largest producer of electric energy is planning to use water energy. Water energy comes from water plants or dams. Other ecological forms of energy include geothermal and solar energies. These two types of energy are not as applicable for our geographical position. Geothermal energy is commonly used on islands where there is an abundance of natural hot springs. The most discussed source of energy is bioenergy. It uses natural wood sources, recycled wood products, and applies bioenergy as a main source for thermal power plants.
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Integration of Photovoltaic Power Plants in the Electricity System
Michl, Pavel ; Paar, Martin (referee) ; Mastný, Petr (advisor)
The thesis discuses an integration of photovoltaic power stations to electric network. The first part describes connecting conditions of small sources to distribution system, including administrative requirements, feasibility study, and requirements to the energy meters, measuring, control devices, switching devices and protection. The second part is aimed to describe problems of the photovoltaic system. Solar radiation generating and reducing of its intensity incident upon the earth surface are described in this part. The quantum of produced electric power depends on climatic conditions in the fixed area, seasons, etc. This work also discusses the types of photovoltaic cells and their actual efficiency. Inverters are further important components of the photovoltaic system. The parameters of the inverters have a great influence on the total actual efficiency of the photovoltaic system. Different methods of the photovoltaic panels’ connection with the inverters and their advantages and disadvantages are also mentioned. The supporting structure of the photovoltaic panels and eventually transformer are further important components of photovoltaic system. The work also analyze the methods of connection of the photovoltaic power station to distributive low voltage and medium voltage network, electric energy accumulation and possibilities of the sale of produced electric energy. The large number of the connected photovoltaic power stations has negative influences to electric network. The third part contains the design of a photovoltaic power plant with a capacity of 516,24 kWp on the scoped area in southern Bohemia. The project documentation for the location where the power plant is designed is also made. It contains the design of photovoltaic panels, the design of the inverters to get an optimal power load. This part also contains a calculation of the photovoltaic system losses and the design of transformer and the cable junction calculation of the distributive system. The feasibility study of the power plant connected to distributive system is also conducted. Its delivery rate will be connected to the distribution point Řípov (110/22 kV). The calculation results show us that this photovoltaic power plant can be linked to the distribution system. The final part of this paper contains an economic estimate of the photovoltaic power plant operating and the calculation of the return. An Economic return is influenced by the wide range of values that affect the total return rate. The calculation of an operating economy is made for several variants. The return rate in refer to contemporary redemption price for 2010 with no consideration for a bank loan is 7 years. If we consider the bank loan it would be 12 years. The penetrative reduction of the redemption price is expected for 2011. Calculation works with the decline of 30 %. It would extend the rate of return to 11 years without a bank loan or to 22 years with the bank loan. The bank loan is considered to cover 80 % of the investment.
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New Resources Connection Analysis to Power System
Galuszka, Jakub ; Ing. Pavel Štěpánek - ČEZ a.s.- EDU (referee) ; Matoušek, Antonín (advisor)
This dissertation deals with the idea of annexing a new nuclear resource in the locality of the Dukovany Nuclear Power Plant and the way of its connection to the power system. The main aim of this dissertation is to design concrete solution of the connection of the new resource to a certain point of the power system and complete this design by means of chosen calculation. According to the task, this dissertation consists of three parts. The first part describes the current engineering solution of the main one line diagram of our two existing nuclear power plants and generally of chosen types of power plants abroad, too. There is also a design of the internal consumption of the nuclear power plants. The objective of the second part of this dissertation is to present the survey of the power and dispositional variants of the new resource in view and mainly assess general possibilities of its connection. Using all information from the preceding part, the third part presents the concrete design of the engineering solution of the connection of the new resource to the power system and also the calculation of parameters of block transmission line. Another dissertation named “Study of Slavětice Distribution Substation Enlargement for EDU New Resources“ concurs this part or more precisely, my dissertation as a whole . For my dissertation I have used some materials and information from the ČEZ Corporation which are confidential. I have also used some knowledge from the analysis from the EGÚ Brno Corporation. This dissertation neither represents nor substitutes a complex analysis of all aspects of a new nuclear resource in the Dukovany Nuclear Power Plant.
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Dimensioning of Earthing System in HV Switchgear
Buršík, Roman ; Matuška, Marcel (referee) ; Orságová, Jaroslava (advisor)
My master's thesis is focused on grounding of HV switchgear. The aim of this work is to create a computer program intended for dimensioning of earthing networks. The earthing networks are the most convenient alternative in term of effective grounding and distribution of ponential. They are based on latiny a flat conductor network cables and connection of appliance parts to network. Introduction of the thesis is dedicated to explanation of grounding theory and to description of requirements essential for properly designed earthing system (dimensioning of earthing system). Following chapter brings description of computer program algorithm testing propriety of an assigned earthing network for a particular switchgear. The chapter also contains description of an user interface and explanation of all features, included in the program. Last part provides presentation of program utilization to particular numerical assignment.
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Project of Outgoing Transformer Unit for the Photovoltaic Power Station
Hanák, Miroslav ; Procházka, Aleš (referee) ; Orságová, Jaroslava (advisor)
This master’s thesis engages in project of outgoing transformer unit for the photovoltaic power station. It describes project and its design documentation what conducts to practising of construction. It has compared investing to more expansive transformer what has lower loss. It describes charges of operation’s transformer in twenty years. It leads project of cable low voltage. It compares whether is better to use aluminium or cupric cables. Project is led with respect for investment costs and minimum of operation loss.
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Short Circuit Currents in the Sokolnice 400 kV Switching Station with Direct 400/110 kV Transformation Applied
Vojtěch, Pavel ; Špaček, Jaroslav (referee) ; Blažek, Vladimír (advisor)
The destination of this Bachelor´s Thesis is to explore short circuit currents for voltage level 400 kV in the switching station Sokolnice before year 1995 and after this year, when came to installation of the convertor T402 and to voltage direct 400/110 kV transformation applied. The Thesis is detecting at relation as for three-phase short circuit do for single-phase short circuits, for 400/220/110 kV primary transformation variation in voltage and for variation 400/110 kV, the change which came after connection of the convertor T402. In base of this calculation will be explored the short circuit resistance rating switching station in agreement with parameters ordered by the comp. Inc. ČEZ Prague.
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