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Biomimetic polymer/graphene layered nanocomposites
Dostalík, Petr ; Ondreáš, František (referee) ; Zbončák, Marek (advisor)
This batchelot thesis deals with preparation of biomimetic polymer/graphene layered nanocomposites. In order to prepare nanocomposites, it was first necessary to prepare a suitable graphene material. The Tour-Marcan method was chosen for its preparation, in which the effect of oxidation time on the structure of the resulting graphene/graphite oxide was investigated. From the result of structural analysis was evaluated, that after 4 hours of oxidation structure of graphite was intercalated, oxygen groups were formed (mainly expoxy groups) and inter-layer spacing increased to form graphite oxide (GO). Extension of oxidation time did not lead to major changes in struture of GO. Nanocomposites were prepareted by solution-casting method. The polar polymer – polyvinyl alcohol (PVAl) was used as a matrix with assumption of strong interaction between GO a PVAl. In order to promote GO intercalation, an ultrasonic dispersant was used in the process of nanocomposite preparation, the effect of which was manifested by an increase in the inter-layer GO distance in nanocomposites. It has been observed that the inter-layer spacing of GO and PVA1 is affected by the concentration of the individual components in the nanocomposites, suggesting a possible modification of the PVA1 crystalline structure. Structural analysis revealed that GO layers in composite were oriented in one direction.
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Infuence of Technological Parameters on Electrochemical Properties of Negative Electrode in Lithium-ion Cell
Kaňa, Michal ; Máca, Josef (referee) ; Libich, Jiří (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with lithium-ion batteries. It is focused on negative electrode on grafit based. The goal of this thesis is to show the problematics of lithium-ion batteries together with possibilities for improvement of their basic parametres as capacity and current elektricity loadability. The first part is focused on the description of functionality of lithiumion battery. The second part is practical and it is focused on production of negative electrodes from natural graphite 280H which has different thickness and compression pressure. The third part describes preparation of negative electrodes from natural graphite 280H and also includes results of measurement. In the last part are different types of negative electrodes from natural graphite 280H compared and evaluated including the determination of conclusions. This comparison and evaluation based on obtained data.
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XRD characterization of electrodes and electrode materials for electrochemical power sources
Klvač, Ondřej ; Chladil, Ladislav (referee) ; Čech, Ondřej (advisor)
The thesis describes available choices of methods for research of electrochemical power source electrode strcture by x-ray diffraction spectroscopy. At first there is a theoretical computation of difractogram. Then there are discussed possibilities of in-situ and ex-situ techniques as background research. Practical part of thesis compares theoretical assumptions to measurements of lithium and sodium cells, including analyze of crystallographic phases and lattice constants. As a conclusion, there are discussed possibilities of subsequent research.
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Lithium-ion battery: Negative electrode materials based on graphite
Vencelides, Lukáš ; Máca, Josef (referee) ; Libich, Jiří (advisor)
This bachelor‘s thesis deals with the isuess related to the lithium-ion batteries. The history of development of lithium-ion batteries, current commercially available and developed types are described in the thesis. The thesis deals in detail with the description of the characteristics and operating principle of lithium-ion accumulators with emphasis on negative electrode and negative electrode materials. The goal of the thesis is technological and electrochemical characterization of graphite negative electrode materials. Two types of natural graphite are used in the thesis, both are potenti-galvanistically analyzed from the point of view of capacitance and current characteristics.
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Effect of flexural loading on electrical properties of alkali-activated slag composites
Šimko, Lukáš ; Kusák, Ivo (referee) ; Rovnaník, Pavel (advisor)
Ordinary concrete is the most commonly used building material, but nowadays the requirements for low energy consumption, durability of structures together with their easy diagnostics as well as ecological production raises. This thesis deals with cement and aluminosilicate composites with content of conductive fillers, which allows to monitor the change in electrical properties, most commonly electrical resistance in dependence on mechanical stress. In the experimental part of the thesis, test beams were produced based on alkali-activated slag with content of carbon nanotubes, graphite powder, carbon black and carbon fibre. The beams were subjected to flexural loading in a three-point bending configuration and the shift in electrical resistance was monitored.
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Use of Raman mapping for investigation of carbonaceous matter of rocks
Řáhová, Jaroslava ; Jehlička, Jan (advisor) ; Culka, Adam (referee)
Raman spectroscopy is an irreplaceable method for chemical and structural characterization of many substances. This is especially true for carbonaceous matter. It is non-destructive and capable of determining the crystallinity of the studied carbonaceous phase, and subsequently, with the aid of empirical relations, also the temperature of formation of the rock under study. Until very recently, the most of the Raman spectroscopy measurements was conducted only single point-wise on grains chosen on purpose, e.g., in an optical microscope. Alongside with the evolution and affordability of the Raman spectroscopic technique it is now very appealing to utilize the possibility of Raman mapping coupled to the automated analysis of large quantities of acquired spectra. The aim of this study was to critically evaluate the pros and cons of such an approach on selected rocks with varying carbon content and crystallinity of the carbonaceous phase. The samples range from graphite, Karelian shungite, elemental carbon-rich carbonates, alpine schist to eclogite. In general, we can rate the large area mapping as suitable in many cases, however, there are certain issues associated with the method, especially concerning the sample preparation and automated analysis. Several actions are proposed to limit the pitfalls...
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Optimization of Electrode Preparation Technology for Lithium-Ion batteries
Zahálka, Patrik ; Máca, Josef (referee) ; Libich, Jiří (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with technological parameters of electrode production proces optimization for lithium-ion batteries. The thesis focuses on the negative electrode based on natural graphite. The first part presents a brief introduction to lithium-ion batteries and current status research. In the theoretical part the thesis focuses on the study of the structural and electrochemical properties of natural graphite and the operating principle of lithium-ion accumulator. The practical part solves optimization of electrode parameters, pressing pressure and electrode layer thickness. The capacitive and current characteristics of electrodes based on natural graphite have been analyzed and compared to the process parameters mentioned above.
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Calandering of li-ion electrodes and its impact on the final capacity of lithium-ion cell
Svoboda, Lukáš ; Kazda, Tomáš (referee) ; Čech, Ondřej (advisor)
There is an effort to produce lithium-ion batteries with maximal density of energy, or higher capacity of cell with the same size. Calendaring of electrodes is important part of manufacturing of batteries. Its parameters, mainly the pressure of calendaring and with it related the final compression ratio of electrode layers, affect parameters of battery significantly. It is the process of pressing electrode material coated on current collector with certain pressure and it reduces its porosity and thickness. The aim of this bachelor thesis is determination of suitable level of calendaring that increases specific capacity, but does not reduce its cyclability.
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Frames of Tennis Rackets
Rajdlík, Lukáš ; Němec, Karel (referee) ; Molliková, Eva (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis deals with materials used for manufacturing of the frame of tennis rackets. The thesis informs about the frame of tennis rackets development, from the origins of tennis to these days, when there are modern technologies used. There are parts of the frame of a tennis racket and construction requirements defined. There are two samples of tennis rackets investigated and the both samples are compared with each other.
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Chemorezistive gas sensor
Venkrbec, Lukáš ; Pytlíček, Zdeněk (referee) ; Prášek, Jan (advisor)
This thesis deals with the detection of gases. Based on the research, the theoretical part is devoted to the principles and construction of chemical gas sensors, especially the chemoresistive gas sensors, mainly with the active layer consisting of metal oxides and carbon nanotubes. In the second half of the theoretical part the carbon nanostructures, their properties and the methodology of preparation are reviewed. The experimental part deals with the type of support structure, preparation of the active layer and the method of its deposition and he principle of detection. In the results and discussion, the thesis focuses on the detailed processing of the results and the evaluation of the response ammonia, the impact of the modifications and procedures. In the end, the results obtained are compared, both with each other and with the relevant literature.
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