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Přeměna porostů náhradních dřevin jeřábu ptačího na ekologicky výhodnější dřevinou skladbu
Holata, Filip
The aim of my diploma thesis was to evaluate growth of underplanted beech, silver fir and Norway spruce on salvage clearings covered by rowan. The second aim of the thesis was to develop the most suitable techniques for vegetation reconstruction. 19 plots were evaluated and the results of rowan underplantings were compared among each other. Results of plots with beech underplantings show that plots with low rowan stocking level (0 - 2) have the best growth dynamics. Between stocking 3 - 5 the results of beech growth dynamics are still acceptable, but from stocking 6 the growth dynamics of beech is not favourable anymore. Norway spruce growth dynamic is the best with low stocking of rowan (0 - 2). Higher rowan stocking causes serious reduction in growth dynamics. Divergence of rowan stocking does not cause losses of underplanted trees. Fir areas were measured and assessed but could not be statistically evaluated because of insufficient number of plots.
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Influence of environmental variables on the shape of ultraviolet pattern in Gonepteryx rhamni
Pecháček, Pavel ; Kleisner, Karel (advisor) ; Hořák, David (referee)
Many species are sensitive to a light in ultraviolet spectrum. Some species have surface patterns that reflect ultraviolet light. These markings have been observed in many animal taxa; butterflies (Lepidoptera) are no exception. UV-reflectance in butterflies has been primarily connected to sexual selection and in this respect it has been a subject of many studies. In my work I propose an alternative view to this phenomenon. The aim of my work is to reveal how a particular environmental factors influence the morphospace of UV- reflectant patterns and wing shape of the Gonepteryx rhamni (Pieridae). The effect of various environmental factors (latitude, longitude, altitude, mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation, normalized difference vegetation index - NDVI or net primary productivity - NPP) on wing morphospace was tested using the methods of Geometric morphometrics. I have also studied shape variability among the males and females, specimens from different locations and differences in morphospace of several G. rhamni subspecies. The dataset used in this analysis includes 118 males and 67 females from the Palearctic ecozone. The effect of almost all environmental (except to NDVI and NPP) predictors on shape of the UV-pattern and wing margin was significant in the case of males. In the...
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The impact of species composition and spatial structure of urban green spaces on biodiversity
KLOUBCOVÁ, Petra
In this thesis, avifauna in a town has been determined in detail, particularly the influence of the structure of urban green spaces on diversity of bird species. The study was conducted in a small spa town. We examined the influence of urban-rural gradient, density of buildings, and species composition and spatial structure of vegetation on the composition of the avifauna. We also assessed what social benefit for residents and visitors of the spa town comes from birdsong. The second part of this thesis deals with urban greenery in terms of positive impact on human well-being. The survey is applied to the chateau parks, especially visitor´s satisfaction, their ability to perceive diversity, their preferences, and evaluation of elements in the park.
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Onemocnění zubů u koní
Světlíková, Kateřina
In my thesis I deal with the quality and condition of horse teeth in the Czech Republic. To evaluate my thesis I received the necessary data from treatment by dental technician. While working on my work 69 horses were judged. I focused on the incidence of the most common defects of horse's teeth, the influence of factors such as type of housing, work load, frequency of treatment on quality of horse teeth and dental health. Furthermore, I concentrated on the frequency of occurrence of canines with mares, influence of tooth quality on the nutritional state of horses, most often treated breed, sex and average age of treated horses. Last monitored features were horses manner during the entire treatment process. The data was statistically analyzed and described. I divided horses into 5 groups by the quality and condition of their teeth. We treated horses with average age 13,4 years. Most treated horses were Czech warmbloods and sex was the most represented by geldings. Teeth in good quality wre found in overwhelming majority of monitored horse, preferably the horses stabled in boxes. Most horses have been treated their teeth by grinding regalularly every year. The horses were optimum nutritional condition, regardless of the quality and condition of the teeth. The most frequent defect of equine teeth was the presence of wolf teeth and creating dental hooks. Data in bibliography concerning frequency of occurence of canines with monitored mares were verifed and mostly the whole process of treatment went off without any problems.
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Okus dřevin při různých způsobech ošetření proti buřeni na LHC Střílky
Navrátil, Jakub
This bachelor work "Damage of trees at different ways of protecting against weeds at LHC Střílky" examines the effectiveness of treatment for weed grazing on artificially regenerated stands. These damage caused by red deer mainly. For comparison, the authors also explored grazing on natural regeneration in designated transects, which allows us to observe the effect on various means of protection against natural way of recovery. Bachelor work also deals with not only biological, but also economics way. From the obtained results, mentions a proposal for the best solution in terms of the economy and also in terms of good growth cultures.
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Succession in regrassed and spontaneously revegetated fields in the Bohemian Forest foothills
VÍTOVCOVÁ, Kamila
The subjects of this study were the plant succession of the regrassed and spontaneously revegetated fields in the Bohemian Forest foothills and the effect of grass cutting management on vegetation changes in time and some of the important soil microbial characteristics. The main aims of this study were to assess i) the phytocoenose differences between the re-grassed and spontaneously revegetated fields, ii) the effect of abandoned field surroundings on the field grassing, iii) the possible correlations between the successional age of fields and characteristics of meadow plant species. The data for the landscape view were collected during the season 2008 and were analyzed by ordination methods (DCA, CCA) and by the ANCOVA. The second data for the detailed view were collected during three seasons (2006-2008) from ten experimental squares and were analyzed by the ordination method (RDA) and the methods Repeated Measures ANOVA and One Way ANOVA. The significant difference between regrassed and naturally revegetated fields was not found. The effect of surrounding was important, while most of the plant species (86% in average) occurring in the surroundings were also found on the studied fields. The field age was positively correlated with particular characteristics of presented meadow plant species. Although the effect of grass cutting on the phytocoenose was not significant, the effect on the microbial biomas was significant in the mineralization rate of soil organic mater.
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Obsah základních forem přístupného dusíku v lesních půdách
Vicher, Matouš
Flows of nitrate ions NO3- and amonnium ions NH4+ in biologically active layers of soil were measured, using ionexes, at forest stands in northern -- eastern regions of Czech republic, between May and September, 2010. Seasonal amounts, expressed in mg.(m2)-1, were analysed, focused on its relations with tree species compositon, impact of tree rhisosphere (location of ionexes close to the tree stems, or in a few meters distance), and forest altitudinal vegetation zones. NO3- showed significantly higher values, as compared to NH4+, and its values were more influenced by tree species composition. Norway spruce (Picea Abies [L.] Karst.), European birch (Betula pendula Roth.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) were recognised as a tree species with significantly low seasonal amounts of nitrogen ions NO3-. Sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) was recognised as a tree species with the significantly wide range of NH4+seasonal amounts values. Impacts of forest altitudinal vegetation zones, and tree rhisosphere, were recognised as insignificant, respectively inconclusive
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Vliv okusu spárkatou zvěří na chutnost listového opadu pro mnohonožky (Diplopoda)
Ashili, P. ; Tajovský, Karel ; Tuf, I.H. ; Tufová, J.
Millipedes were used as a model group of decomposers for experimental study focusing on this aspect of ungulate - plant - soil invertebrate relationship. Leaf litter and millipedes (.i.Glomeris klugii, Glomeris hexasticha, Glomeris connexa, Julus scandinavius, Leptoiulus proximus, Megaphyllum projectum, Unciger foetidus./i.) were collected at forest localities in the Křivoklátsko PLA and BR, Czech Republic. Palatability of leaves from two different plots was compared. Leaf litter of beech (.i.Fagus silvatica./i.) and hornbeam (.i.Carpinus betulus./i.) was collected in autumn and spring in both plots and used in laboratory tests with millipedes. Consumption differed significantly between the individual experiments. Millipedes preferred hornbeam leaf litter over beech leaves, leaf litter from the fenced plot over that from the grazed plot, and fresh litter over old, overwintered leaves.
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The influence of extremal climatic phenomena at the recultivated and succession areas in Třeboňsko Protected Landscapa Area
NEMEŠKALOVÁ, Pavla
PLA Třeboňsko is located in the southeastern part of South Bohemia, and has an area of 700 km {$^2$}. It is an extraordinary region, where preserved valuable natural assets, but also many hundreds of years of human transformation of the cultural landscape. Basic river basin axis Třeboňsko are Třeboňsko Lužnice river in the floodplain which are 14 lakes created after gravel extraction. Coast lakes were part of forestry artificially reclaimed, partly remained left natural succession. Extreme weather events (floods, snow and strong wind calamity) in 2002, 2005, 2007 have different effects on the current status of coastal vegetation rehabilitated, compared with a similar old natural secondary succession.
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Analysis of some of the effects on milk production and fertility of dairy cows in the herd Czech Fleckvieh
TOMAN, Michal
This work occupy with analysis of selected impact milk efficiency and fertility milk cow of herd of czech motley cattle in enterprise Šumavský statek Dlouhá Ves. Main selected impact are genotype, grazing of milk cow, age of first calve, duration of servis period, duration interlude and exterior of milk cow. From result emerge, the biggest impact milk efficiency had age during first calve, Heifer calve in later life had statistical verifiably higher milk yield at first and another lactations. Milk cowswhit lower part of blood of breed czech motley cattle had higher milk yield. In persue years was always reach the biggest milk yield during graze. Durations of servis period and interlude was identical with reached average of Czech Republic. At judge milk cow was find out positive correlational relations between exterior and average daily milk yield only at judge muscle and at judge udder. The enterprise have been anprofitable without provision of subsidy all year long 2012.
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