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Machine learning based method for medical image generation
Hrtoňová, Valentina ; Chmelík, Jiří (referee) ; Jakubíček, Roman (advisor)
This thesis deals with the use of generative adversarial networks for the synthesis of medical images. Firstly, artificial neural networks are described with a focus on convolutional neural networks and generative adversarial networks. Applications of generative adversarial networks in medicine are reviewed, and selected publications on the topic of medical image synthesis are described in more detail. Furthermore, multiple models of generative adversarial networks are designed and implemented in the Python programming language. First is a model of the deep convolutional generative adversarial network and the model „pix2pix“ for the generation of skin lesion images. Moreover, the „pix2pix“ model is used for the generation of both axial and sagittal CT images of the spine. Finally, the results of generating medical images using generative adversarial networks are presented and discussed.
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Image segmentation of spinal disc in medical imaging
Meloun, Jan ; Nemček, Jakub (referee) ; Mézl, Martin (advisor)
The thesis is focused on the segmentation of the intervertebral disc in the image data.The introduction deals with the issue of the spine, the herniation of the intervertebraldisc. It also deals with imaging modalities, especially computed tomography and mag-netic resonance imaging. The practical part describes the image data segmentation andthe implementation of three of the published segmentation methods.
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Time development analysis of treated lesion in spinal CT data
Nohel, Michal ; Jan, Jiří (referee) ; Jakubíček, Roman (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on time-development analysis of treated lesion in CT data. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology of the spine and vertebral bodies. It further describes diagnostic and therapeutic options for the detection and treatment of spinal lesions. It contains an overview of the current state of usage of time-development analysis in oncology. The problems of the available databases are discussed and new databases are created for subsequent analysis. Futhermore, the methodology of time-development analysis according to the shape characterization and the size of the vertebral involvement is proposed. The proposed methodological approaches to feature extraction are applied to the created databases. Their choice and suitability is discussed, including their potential for possible usege in clinical practice of monitoring the development and derivation of characteristic dependences of features on the patient's prognosis.
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Methods of Detection, Segmentation and Classification of Difficult to Define Bone Tumor Lesions in 3D CT Data
Chmelík, Jiří ; Flusser,, Jan (referee) ; Kozubek, Michal (referee) ; Jan, Jiří (advisor)
The aim of this work was the development of algorithms for detection segmentation and classification of difficult to define bone metastatic cancerous lesions from spinal CT image data. For this purpose, the patient database was created and annotated by medical experts. Successively, three methods were proposed and developed; the first of them is based on the reworking and combination of methods developed during the preceding project phase, the second method is a fast variant based on the fuzzy k-means cluster analysis, the third method uses modern machine learning algorithms, specifically deep learning of convolutional neural networks. Further, an approach that elaborates the results by a subsequent random forest based meta-analysis of detected lesion candidates was proposed. The achieved results were objectively evaluated and compared with results achieved by algorithms published by other authors. The evaluation was done by two objective methodologies, technical voxel-based and clinical object-based ones. The achieved results were subsequently evaluated and discussed.
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Case Study of Physiotherapy Treatment of a Patient after Th/L Junction Stabilization
Martinková, Markéta ; Maršáková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Hamouzová, Dita (referee)
Autor: Markéta Martinková Title: Case Study of Physiotherapy Treatment of a Patient after Th/L Junction Stabilization Objectives: The main aim of this thesis is to gain theoretical knowledge about anatomy, biomechanics, spine construction and injury mechanisms. This bachelor thesis is dedicated to a solution to spine injuries, whether it's surgical or conservative. Common physiotherapeutic procedures used in the treatment of spinal injuries will be mentioned. Special part of this thesis is dedicated to physiotherapy care of a patient after spinal injury and after following stabilization of Th/L junction stabilization. I was working on this special part during my professional experience in the field. Key words: spine, stabilization, physiotherapy, case report
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Influence of gait in high heels on posture, and division of pressure on the contact area of the feet and tne floor
Gajdoš, Miloslav ; Jandová, Soňa (advisor) ; Janura, Miroslav (referee) ; Šťastný, Petr (referee)
Title: Influence of gait in high heels on posture, and division of pressure on the contact area level of the feet and the floor Objective: The aim of the dissertation was to verify how walking in high-heeled shoes influences the time and pressure parameters of the step cycle and posture during slow and very slow walking in low experienced wearers. Methods: The research study was an empirical, comparative intra-individual study. Pedar-X® measuring inserts (Novel, Munich, Germany) were used to measure the distribution of plantar pressures and to evaluate time parameters while walking on a conveyor belt at v1 = 0.97 ms-1 and v2 = 0.56 ms-1 in straight shoes and high-heeled shoes. SonoSens Monitor Analyzer® (Gefremed, Chemnitz, Germany) was used to assess posture. The research group consisted of thirty healthy women wearing high-heeled shoes occasionally (age: 21.8 ± 2.09 years, weight: 55.7 ± 4.05 kg, height: 1.66 ± 0.03 m). Anova test and paired t-test were used for statistical analysis, and the Cohen coefficient d was used to calculate material significance. Results: Significant differences in time and plantar pressure variables were found when walking in high-heeled shoes compared to straight footwear. For both types of footwear, walking speed only affected time variables, but not dynamic...
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Stress-strain analysis of spinal segment with fixator
Mach, Ondřej ; Valášek, Jiří (referee) ; Marcián, Petr (advisor)
This Master’s thesis deals with strain-stress analysis of a spine segment with an introduced fixator and a spine in natural physiological state. The work starts with a research study of literature sources that focus on similar issues. Furthermore, basic anatomy terminology and basic procedures for human spine stabilization were described. The formulated issue was resolved by computational modelling with the use of the finite element method. This solution requires a suitable computational model to be produced. This model consists of partial geometry, material, bond, and loading models. The geometric model was produced on the basis of CT scan images of a 60-year-old man which were used for producing five spine vertebrae T11–L3. Moreover, the geometric model consists of four intervertebral discs and eight articular cartilages. The material model includes homogeneous, heterogeneous and degraded properties of bone tissue. The strain-stress analysis was performed for seven loading states, which concern basic movements of human spine – standing, bending forward, bending backwards, bending left, bending right, left rotation and right rotation, with the use of ANSYS software. The assessed and analysed quantities include spine segment displacement, contact pressure of articular cartilages and stress on the fixator.
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Identification of vertebrae type in CT data by machine learning methods
Matoušková, Barbora ; Kolář, Radim (referee) ; Chmelík, Jiří (advisor)
Identification of vertebrae type by machine learning is an important task to facilitate the work of medical doctors. This task is embarrassed by many factors. First, a spinal CT imagining is usually performed on patiens with pathologies such as lesions, tumors, kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis or patients with various implants that cause artifacts in the images. Furthermore, the neighboring vertebraes are very similar which also complicates this task. This paper deals with already segmented vertebrae classification into cervical, thoracic and lumbar groups. Support vector machines (SVM) and convolutional neural networks (CNN) AlexNet and VGG16 are used for classification. The results are compared in the conclusion.
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Use of physiotherapy for vertebrogenic difficulties associated with scuba diving
DVOŘÁKOVÁ, Kamila
This work is about using physiotherapy methods in patients with vertebrogenic difficulties associated with scuba diving. The first goal is to suggest therapy for concrete patients with vertebrogenic difficulties and the second goal is to chart the effects of the therapy performed in concrete patients with vertebrogenic difficulties. The work is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part describes the issue of vertebrogenic difficulties, describes the anatomy and kinesiology of the spine, presents scuba diving and presents the possibilities of using physiotherapy. The practical part consists of four case reports and a description of the proposed therapy. The work is processed in the form of qualitative research. Data collection was performed by the entry and exit examination. The results were based on qualitative analysis of these data. The research group consisted of four probands who spent their free time on scuba diving while suffering from occasional vertebrogenic difficulties. The research took the form of regular meetings, usually held once a week for two months. Therapy results are ambiguous. There were both objective and subjective improvements in two probands. One of the probands did not match the subjective impression with objective results and one of the probands has worsened. Many factors could have affected the results. For example, by an individual approach to therapy, by other sporting activities performed in addition to exercise, or by injuries made during therapy. The theoretical part can be used as a source of information for divers as it highlights the risks of developing vertebrogenic difficulties. The practical part can be beneficial in physiotherapy practice as an exercise unit not only for divers.
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The case study of physiotherapeutic treatment of the patient with a diagnosis of spondylodiscitis after spondylodesis
Bolková, Karolina ; Andrlíková, Dana (advisor) ; Vomáčková, Helena (referee)
Title of thesis: The case study of physiotherapeutic treatment of the patient with a diagnosis of spondylodiscitis after spondylodesis Author: Karolina Bolková Head of the thesis: Mgr. Dana Andrlíková Objective: The purpose of this thesis is to processing a case report of patient after spondylodesis for spondylodiscitis. This thesis will describe the theoretical background of the patient diagnosis and selected surgical treatment options and other therapeutic procedures will be mentioned for the diagnosis. Method: The bachelor thesis consists of two parts - theoretical and special. The first part describe anatomy, kinesiology and biomechanics of the spine and deals with the knowledges about spondylodiscitis and the possibilities of its treatment. The special part contains an in-and-out kinesiological analysis of a particular patient and includes a detailed description of all the therapeutic units processed during the period of continuous bachelor practice in Vršovická zdravotní a. s. under the supervision of Mgr. Helena Voráčová. Results: The physiotherapeutic methods used were effective and the patient showed a overall improvement in her condition during therapies, as is evidenced by the final comparison of kinesiological analysis results. Key words: physiotherapy, spine, spondylodiscitis,...
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