|
|
Biologically active substances of medicinal plants within selected families (Rosaceae, Lamiaceae and Asteraceae)
Čápová, Klára ; Vodičková, Hana (advisor) ; Zelený, Václav (referee)
For ages plants have not only been used as a source of food but also to prevent or treat various diseases. Their healing effects are provided by biologically active substances, especially the products of secondary metabolism. Primary metabolites, such as carbohydrates, lipids and proteins, are particularly important from the nutritive point of view. They are an essential part of our diet. The same level of importance also applies to vitamins that serve as catalysts in a great number of metabolic reactions.
The aim of this thesis was to describe biologically active substances found in medicinal plants of the Rosaceae, Lamiaceae and Asteraceae families and to summarize their effects on human health. These families include many species of plants that have demonstrated positive effects on human health. The effects are mainly attributed to phenolic compounds, most of which are represented by flavonoids, phenolic acids and tannins. Furthermore, essential oils and vitamin C also have a positive impact on our health.
Medicinal plants from the previously mentioned families often have astringent, spasmolytic and antimicrobial properties, for which they owe to phenolic compounds, especially tannins, flavonoids and phenolic acids. Due to the content of essential oils and their spasmolytic effects they counteract cramps and diarrhoea, increase the production and secretion of bile and also have antimicrobial effects. Plants that contain vitamin C, an important antioxidant, can boost our immunity in general.
Another aim of this work was to define external factors that can influence the content and the metabolism of biologically active substances. Considering climatic conditions we have to mention temperature and light, which primarily influence the content of essential oils. Other factors could be soil composition, methods of cultivation, harvesting and post-harvest processing. During the process of drying there comes the loss of essential oils and vitamin C.
The integral part of this thesis was also to create an overview of selected medicinal plants of the Rosaceae, Lamiaceae and Asteraceae families, thein plant-based drugs, biologically active substances and their effects on human health.
|
|
|
Food additives of plant origin: analysis of traditional and conventional use
Steiningerová, Kristýna ; Nový, Pavel (advisor) ; Hummelová, Jana (referee)
This bachelor thesis summarizes the knowledge about food preservation including methods of preservation by using food additives of plant and synthetic origin. In order to survive and secure themselves for unfavorable times, it was necessary for people to invent methods of food preservation for extending their shelf-life, but foremost to ensure food safety.
First part of thesis summarizes issues of food preservation. There are mentioned traditionall used methods for preservation since the beginning of preservation and also description of food additives. Concurrently domestic and foreign international organisations, which handle food additives issues, are mentioned. Furthermore there are described possible risks to human health, caused by food additives. Thesis defines preservatives, antioxidants a their main role in food industry. Important point of this thesis is also an attempt to describe substances of natural origin as suitable alternatives to synthetic additives. In the following there is part about medicinal plants including herbs and spices used as preservatives and additives with antioxidant activity.
The aim of this study was to analyse the plants traditionally used for food preservation. However, neither satisfying references about traditionally used plants for preservation were found and nor were confirmed. For this reason was chosen group of plants, which were used as spices in food processing since acient times, for analyses. In scientific browsing databases were found records about chosen plants and their antibacterial and antioxidant activities and about their testing in food models. The result is a list of plants with proven antibacterial and antioxidant effects in vitro studies investigating their potential use in food preservation. Some species, which were not in food models tested, were identified with a potential preservative effect, so it opens the door for possible further investigation.
|
|
|
Stanovení flavonoidních látek ve vybraných druzích léčivých rostlin používaných v potravinářství
Bačová, Romana
In plant and food research the functional significance of herbs, spices and other plants, including their components is very popular topic. Plant material contains many components that are beneficial to human health by reducing the risk of chronic degenerative diseases. It is necessary to define the individual substances to understand and explain their biological effects. The first part of thesis describes the selected plants (elderberry, nettle, marigold, milk thistle, sea buckthorn, sage, purple coneflower and thyme) and also describes their medicinal properties and uses. The second part of thesis deals with phenolic and flavonoid substances. In the third (experimental) part, of thesis there were qualitatively and quantitatively determined flavonoid compounds in selected plant species. For identification the technique combining liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry - HPLC/MS was used. Extraction was carried out by vortexing and Soxhlet method, using two different concentrations of metanol. These metods were then statistically compared.
|
|
|
Hodnocení estetického působení významných rodů léčivých a kořeninových rostlin čeledi hluchavkovitých
Janečková, Michaela
The Bachelor thesis deals with the ornamental and medicinal plants and the of the family Lamiacea. The part of the work is dedicated to the characteristic of 11 kinds, including botanical description and their use. In these selected species were assessed by their aesthetic appeal. These were mainly the plant habit, the color of flower and the texture of leaf, the time and the duration of flowering plants or their size. The other part of the work is dedicated to the assortment of the ornamental, the medicinal plants and spices according to the domestic and the foreign catalogs.
|
|
|
Utilize of instrumentality PSE (Pressurized Solvent Extraction) in food analysis
Grulichová, Hana ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Vespalcová, Milena (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is engaged in the modern method of extraction PSE (pressurized solvent extraction). There have been two types of this apparatus, One PSE and Fast PSE. In this thesis, the apparatus and its behavior is described. Extraction of anthraquinones, strychnine, berberine, glycyrrhizin, ligustilides from medical plants is presented below. These substancies are used mainly in treatment for various diseases. In this work is noticed trace elements, tocopherols, alkylbenzene sulphonate, isoflavone, dionine, betacarotene, vitamin E, polyphenol extracted from biological samples. Utilization of the substancies from biological samples is very different. Some one decreased risk of osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, cancer and other is by contrast deleterious toxin. High attention is devoted to substancies presented in food such as polychlorinated biphenyls, various pesticides, lipids, oxysterols. These substancies are in food rather undesirable than is why their amount is determinated to the food isn´t deleterious.
|
|
|
Herbal therapy and other alternative treatments for various diseases
MIČANOVÁ, Pavlína
The theme of this thesis is The herbal therapy and other alternative treatments for various diseases. The work is focused on the medicinal herbs that people have been using from long ago and the use is still actual until nowadays. First there is mentioned the history of phythoterapy, the plant structures and parts, fifty most famous plants and their impacts, contained substances of medicinal herbs, herbs picking, drying and processing and the last part deals with the organs of the body that are connected with the healing effects and detoxication. Not least there are mentioned the harmful plant effects. One aim of this thesis was to find out what people know about the medicinal herbs, what are their experience and how they use them. Other aim was to create the internet manual containing the most common illnesses with the recommendations of how to treat them using the herbs. The thesis component is the quantitative research based on the questioning method. The questionnaire was made according to the research assumptions and it was released on the internet to give access to as many visitors as possible. The questionnaires were collected from one hundred nine respondents in a week period. The answers were sometimes interesting and in general they show the people knowledge of medicinal herbs. The results of the research were processed by means of charts. The conclusions and the recommendations for the practice were defined on the basis of the getting results. This thesis can be used as an extention of the present knowledge of medicinal plants.
|
|
| |
|
|
Experiences with use of phytotherapy in the adult´s population in Pilsen and South Bohemian Regions
HRABOVSKÁ, Aneta
The aim of this Thesis was find out if adult population has experience with the use of medicinal plants, if people prefer local herbs to exotic plants, what is their knowledge in the preparation of herbal products and if they ever know what the herbs are and what is the meaning of the term Phytotherapy. Another aim was the creation of electronic manual of the most used herbs, which would include information on sellected medicinal plants and their effects on human body. In this thesis there are comprehensively summarized the theroetical and practical knowledge, which should be beneficial for general population. Research survey in the form of a questionnaire was focused on experience and utilization of herbal therapy in adult population. That was realized in South Bohemian and Pilsen Regions. Results of this work point out, that respondents still consider herbal medicine as an important supplement to classical medical treatment. On the basis of the research there were conclusion written and made the recommendation for practise.
|
|
|
Využití fytoterapie v ekologickém chovu zvířat
Pásler, Adam
Phytotherapy or herbalismus is a alternative treatment of diseases of the use of synthetic drugs. The active ingredients of selected plants are scientifically and empirically proven effects on infectious and non-infectious diseases in humans and animals. At first this thesis deals with veterinary medicine in organic animal husbandry, legislation governing this issue and various alternative therapeutic methods. Next part deals with the herbal medicine in detail. There is explained the basic concepts of herbalism and biochemical composition of active plant substances. The main section of work is a collection of scientific papers dealing with the effect of phytotherapy on selected diseases of livestock, and a description of the most commonly used herbs. Final part of thesis mentions the available herbal products for animals.
|
|
|
Vliv účinných látek z rostlin na bakterie mléčného kysání
Kousalová, Jitka
This dissertation deals with the influence of active substances from plants on lactic acid bacteria. It describes milk in terms of nutrition, sour milk products which can be made by means of using lactic acid bacteria, division and overview of lactic acid bacteria, substances contained in plants and the effects of four selected plants. The aim of this work was to determine the possibility of antimicrobial effects of caraway, cinnamon, sage and thyme on bacteria. The efficiency was performed on genus of Lactobacillus. The determination of change in inhibition was performed by disk diffusion method and determination of turbidity.
|
guest ::
