|
|
The Study of Ethyllactate Synthesis from Lactic Acide Salts
Hlavatá, Daniela ; Figalla, Silvestr (referee) ; Petrůj, Jaroslav (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with senthesis of lactic acid ethyl ester from slats of lactic acid. The literature review has been processed in the theoretical part of the diploma thesis. It is focused on manufacturing technologies of lactic acid esters, mainly on ethyl lactate by conventional and non-conventional ways of producing. Also the literature review involves producing of lactic acid and slats of lactic acid by fermentation because subsequently is possible produce ethyl lactate from that two substances. The laboratory apparatus for preparation of ethyl lactate and methyl lactate has been designed, realized and verificated function of it in the experimental part. There were carried out laboratory experimnets for production ethyl lactate and methyl lactate in this apparaturs.
|
|
|
Possibilities of reprocessing of the glycol and glycerol waste into suitable materials
Hýža, Bohumil ; Bednařík, Karel (referee) ; Kizlink, Juraj (advisor)
At the beginning of the thesis is summarized biodiesel production and its world production. There is more developed biodiesel production in the Czech Republic and in the European Union and some European legal regulations and standards for biodiesel. Also described herein is a composition of biodiesel and the description of the technology of its production. In the theoretical section summarizes the physical and chemical properties of glycerol and there is also summarized the traditional use of glycerol as food, explosives, etc. There are also new procedures that were performed in the experimental part of the thesis. Then, here are the proposed new procedures for processing waste glycerol and glycol, which were conducted in the experimental part of the thesis. There are described the ion exchange properties of the cation exchangers and also properties of salts generated by neutralization of NaOH in the waste glycerol with organic acids and CO2. There is also described wood protection, properties of ethylene glycol as coolant and properties of boroglycerols and boroglycols as protection for wood and mechanism of their preparation. Then there is described a mechanism of dehydration of glycerol to acrolein and options which can perform the synthesis. In the experimental part, the pH of waste glycerol was measured and then was measured the amount of NaOH in the waste glycerol. There is also desribed cleaning of waste glycerol from NaOH using acidic cation exchange resins on columns, or by neutralization with oleic acid, lactic acid and CO2. Further syntheses were performed glycerol borate and ethylene glycol borate. Water amount in ethylene glycol and methanol with water amount in glycerol were found by distillation. Then were prepared boroglycol and boroglycerol. By the amount resulting from the amount of reaction water were observed reaction conditions H3BO3, Na2B4O7•10 H2O and glycerol. At the end was carried out experimental dilution resulting boroglycerol and boroglycol by ethanol, methanol, TMB. Finally, the diluted boroglycerol was deposited on wood. Dehydration of glycerol to acrolein under the catalytic action of KHSO4 was performed. The results are given all the results and discussed the possibility of using the knowledge gained in this work in the industry. In conclusion, there are listed the economic comparison using waste glycerol and crude oil as a raw material and also charts the development of oil prices in 40 years since 1970, and graph of the price of waste glycerol. There is also discussed technological applicability of the methods used in practice.
|
|
|
The study of using lactic acid esters for preparing lactides and PLA
Vida, Mikuláš ; Figalla, Silvestr (referee) ; Petrůj, Jaroslav (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with use of lactic acid esters for preparation of lactides and PLA. In the theoretical part, it has been processed literature review focus on manufacturing technologies and properties of lactic acid and its esters (especially ethyl ester and lactides). In the experimental part, it has been designed and realized functional laboratory apparatus for preparation of cyclic dimer of lactic acid – lactides. On this apparatus, there were carried out principal laboratory experiments leading to optimization of lactides yields using various catalysts.
|
|
|
Possibilities of reprocessing of glycerol layer from the manufacture of bionaphta
Hýža, Bohumil ; Bednařík, Karel (referee) ; Kizlink, Juraj (advisor)
The aim of this thesis was to introduce and apply the possibilities of using waste glycerol from biodiesel production and partly waste low-stiffen coolant from cars that could be applied in industry. At the beginning of the thesis is summarized biodiesel production and its world production. There is more developed biodiesel production in the Czech Republic and in the European Union and some European legal regulations and standards for biodiesel. Also described herein is a composition of biodiesel and the description of the technology of its production. In the theoretical section summarizes the physical and chemical properties of glycerol and there is also summarized the traditional use of glycerol as food, explosives, etc. There are also new procedures that were performed in the experimental part of the thesis. There are described the ion exchange mechanism, ion exchange resin properties and the properties of the acids and salts generated by neutralization with NaOH contained in the waste glycerol. Also is described herein the wood protection and properties of ethylene glycol coolants and properties of boroglycerol and boroglycol as protection for wood and mechanism of their preparation. Next is described the mechanism of dehydration of glycerol to acrolein and options which can perform the synthesis. In the experimental part, the pH of waste glycerol was measured, then was measured the exact amount of NaOH in the glycerol. There is also desribed cleaning of waste glycerol from NaOH using acidic cation exchange resins on columns, or by neutralization with oleic acid, lactic acid and CO2. Further syntheses were performed glycerol borate and ethylene glycol borate. Water amount in ethylene glycol and methanol with water amount in glycerol were found by distillation. Then were prepared boroglycol and boroglycerol. By the amount resulting from the amount of reaction water were observed reaction conditions H3BO3, Na2B4O7•10 H2O and glycerol. At the end was carried out experimental dilution resulting boroglycerol and boroglycol by ethanol, methanol, TMB. Finally, the diluted boroglycerol was deposited on wood. Dehydration of glycerol to acrolein under the catalytic action of KHSO4 was performed. The results are given all the results and discussed the possibility of using the knowledge gained in this work in the industry. In conclusion, there are listed the economic comparison using waste glycerol and crude oil as a raw material and also charts the development of oil prices in 40 years since 1970, and graph of the price of waste glycerol.
|
|
|
Selected bioengineering characteristics of lactic acid bacteria
Šťásková, Lucie ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Babák, Libor (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with the growth of biomass and production of selected metabolit–lactic acid by thermophilic bacteria Bacillus coagulans. The resulting selected metabolite was determined by HPLC method. Cultivations of this genus were performed on synthetic media, where the influence of carbohydrate used as carbon source was tested. Lactose was more suitable fot growth of biomass and glucose for production of lactic acid. On natural whey media the influence of different conditions were tested. The highest yields of biomass and production of lactic acid were observed on enriched whey medium. The last part deals with comparing the production of biomass and metabolites, depending on the volume of media. There were compared selected bioengineering characteristics of all cultivations.
|
|
|
Evaluation of applicability of indirect photometric detection for chiral separations of selected carboxylic acids in dairy products
Dvořák, Miloš ; Zemanová, Jana (referee) ; Vespalcová, Milena (advisor)
In this diploma work is check possibility application indirect photometric detection for enantiomers separation lactic acids and beta-hydroxybutyric acid with capillary electrophoresis. As chiral selector is used vankomycin. Verifyed his ability partial separation lactic acid on antipode with using picric acid as vizualition anion in background electrolyte. Used was coated capillary. Application indirect photometric detection succeed. Chiral separation beta-hydroxybutyric acid wasn't successful. Hip roll by selection fit vizualization anions for purposes indirect photometric detection. Are measured their electrophoretic and spectrophotometric characteristics, for inquest compatibility use in capillary electrophoresis in relation to indirect photometric detection. From timed datums were to be you - nap optimal vizualizatin anions for others experimentation. According to ascertained and measured feature reflect be optimal eosine soluble in alcohol and bromophenol blue.
|
|
|
Marketing reasearch cosmeticals for animals
Bartoňová, Klára ; Mgr.Jan Ríha,Ph.D. (referee) ; Souralová Popelková, Miriam (advisor)
This Bachelor's Thesis deals with marketing research of the market with cosmetics for animals. In the practical part of the thesis a survey of the market was carried out. For this purpose a questionnaire was developed and sent out to owners of domestic animals. The questionnaire was then verbally evaluated and the crucial results were put into a graph. The theoretical part focuses on description of the most used veterinary preparations, their specifics, the most important chemicals contained in them, sensory evaluation of products, potential toxicity and undesirable effects on an animal. The valid legislation requirements applying to veterinary preparations within Czech Republic are mentioned in the conclusion. To specify individual products correctly I contacted a number of distributors concerned with the issue.
|
|
|
Formation of milk coprecipitates by the help of lactic acid addition
Králová, Petra ; Vitoulová, Eva (referee) ; Kvasnička, Miloš (advisor)
This work deals with the production of milk coprecipitates using lactic acid addition. The aim was to elaborate a literature search focused on an overview of methods used for milk coagulation and their application in dairy industry. The opening part brings a classification of concentrates of all milk proteins, which are more and more exploited in practice. The main reason is better use of raw material and also smaller waste of whey. Concentrates of all milk proteins are generally called coprecipitates. The next part was in particular focused on acid chemical and microbiological milk coagulation, rennet milk coagulation was also described for comparison. Acid coagulation takes place without the presence of microbial fermentation, there is no risk of secondary fermentation in final product. On the other hand microbiological coagulation gives stronger taste and aroma to product. Moreover, lactic acid bacteria used can have very positive influence on human health. The advantages and disadvantages of both coagulation methods and their impact on consumer health are evaluated as conclusion of this work.
|
|
|
Organical chemicals from biomass
DOLEŽAL, David
This bachelor thesis deals with the processes of biomass as a renewable resource for the production of chemicals that could compete chemicals obtainable from fossil sources. Processing of biomass can be divided into two main approaches namely a thermochemical and biotechnological processing of biomass processes. This processing involves many processes such as hydrolysis, crushing, fermentation, combustion or high temperatures and pressures, and many other thermochemical or biotechnological processes associated with the nature of the structure of the biomass. As the most important products of biomass processing can be considered biofuels represented in my work mainly by ethanol, but also methanol and other organic chemicals such as furfural, levulinic acid and hydroxymethylfurfural derived from the processing of C5 and C6 sugars located in the fundamental structure of biomass. These organic chemicals can also serve as a chemical platform and subsequent modifications of them can get products with the same or very similar properties of the products of the petrochemical industry.
|
|
|
Factors influencing quality and nutritive value of grass silages
NOVOTNÝ, Jaroslav
The paper analyzes the factors affecting the quality and nutritive value of wilted grasssilage. Grass silage sample were collected in the operating conditions for the firstmowing. Three groups were formed after 12 samples. The first group was the controlwithout using preservatives. The sekond group were included in the silage treated withbacterial agents. The third group included the bacterial-enzymetreated silage additives. There were no statistically signifiant differences in lactic acid kontent (P < 0.05) andvalues of thedegree of proteolysis (P < 0.05) between the kontrol group without the useof silage additives and the group, which was used for bacterial and bacterial-enzyme additives.
|
guest ::
