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The Study of Polyolefins Photochloration
Kučera, Vladimír ; Tocháček, Jiří (referee) ; Petrůj, Jaroslav (advisor)
This Master´s thesis deals with heterogeneous photochlorination of polyolefins and especially with the photochlorination of polypropylene itself. In the theoretical part the available information about properties, manufactory and application of chlorinated polyolefins, specifically polyethylene and polypropylene, is provided. The basic principles of the photochemistry are described, which are further applied to the issue of photochemistry chain reactions and photochemical halogenations, mainly photochlorinations. The practical part includes design and realization of few types of equipment for the heterogeneous photochlorination of polypropylene done at low temperatures (to 50° C) by gaseous chlorine in bulk or chlorine suspended in suspension of PP in CCl4. Series of chlorination was accomplished, which was varied in the type of PP, in the way of dosage Cl2 and in the period of high pressure mercury lamp irradiation (1–90 minutes). The chlorine content in prepared samples was determined by the gravimetry with ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, as well as by the Shöniger combustion method. Their accuracies were than compared. The chlorine content dependence on the period of chlorination and on the porosity of initial PP was established.
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Water supply without a residual disinfectant
Rajnochová, Markéta ; Pikal, Martin (referee) ; Ručka, Jan (advisor)
The diploma thesis focuses on the water distribution system functioning without chlorine-based disinfectant. This thesis contains research of documented cases of examples of drinking water distribution systems both abroad and in the Czech Republic, which do not use disinfectants. Moreover, the thesis pay attention to chlorine and its effects on bacteria. The thesis deals with the first assessment of water supply structure, which determines whether the water supply structure is suitable for operating without disinfectant. The thesis describes the process of transition to the disinfectant-free operation and determines the undesired events, which may occur with the ending of the use of disinfectant. As a part of the research, the thesis examines the water supply system in village Kateřinice, to determine if it is suitable for operation without disinfectant.
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The effect of swimming training on children with skin problems
Kleinerová, Kateřina
The diploma thesis focuses on children of early school age who have undergone mandatory swimming training in pools with various water disinfection methods, specifically chlorine, salt, and UV+. The aim of the thesis is to analyse how this swimming instruction affects children with different skin conditions, such as dry skin, atopic eczema, psoriasis, and plantar warts. The research was conducted at three different primary schools, each of which visited a different swimming pool with a distinct water treatment method during the swimming lessons. A total of 348 students participated in the research, including 172 girls and 176 boys from the 3rd and 4th grades, aged 8 to 11. The research utilized the method of quantitative personal interviewing and the method of qualitative observation. The theoretical part delves into swimming, swimming instruction, water treatment methods in swimming pools, and selected skin diseases. The practical part outlines the research findings. The obtained results demonstrated that skin dryness was observed in 35.4% of students from all three schools participating in swimming lessons. Skin dryness manifested in 26.5% of students in the chlorinated pool, in 46.2% of students in the salt-treated pool, and in 34.6% of students in the UV+ pool. The exacerbation of atopic eczema...
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The effect of swimming training on children with skin problems
Kleinerová, Kateřina ; Svobodová, Irena (advisor) ; Jandová, Soňa (referee)
The diploma thesis focuses on children of early school age who have undergone mandatory swimming training in pools with various water disinfection methods, specifically chlorine, salt, and UV+. The aim of the thesis is to analyse how this swimming instruction affects children with different skin conditions, such as dry skin, atopic eczema, psoriasis, and plantar warts. The research was conducted at three different primary schools, each of which visited a different swimming pool with a distinct water treatment method during the swimming lessons. A total of 348 students participated in the research, including 172 girls and 176 boys from the 3rd and 4th grades, aged 8 to 11. The research utilized the method of quantitative personal interviewing and the method of qualitative observation. The theoretical part delves into swimming, swimming instruction, water treatment methods in swimming pools, and selected skin diseases. The practical part outlines the research findings. The obtained results demonstrated that skin dryness was observed in 35.4% of students from all three schools participating in swimming lessons. Skin dryness manifested in 26.5% of students in the chlorinated pool, in 46.2% of students in the salt-treated pool, and in 34.6% of students in the UV+ pool. The exacerbation of atopic eczema...
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The effect of salt on health, its content in food and the intake of the population of the Czech Republic
Miškovská, Žaneta ; Dostálová, Jana (advisor) ; Košťálová, Alexandra (referee)
This work deals with the effect of salt on human health. Excessive (as well as insufficient) salt consumption can harm health, and at the same time salt consumption in the Czech Republic is one of the highest in the EU. In my work I deal with basic types of salt such as table salt, vacuum and sea salt and their extraction. I also deal with the two elements that make up salt - sodium and chlorine. I also describe disorders of sodium and chlorine metabolism, the effect of salt on health (positive and negative) and the function of salt in food. I also briefly address the salt content of bakery, meat and dairy products and the importance of salt in the technology of these foods. In the practical part of the work, I deal with the salt content in individual selected foods and the possibilities of how to reduce this salt content. Part of the practical part of the work is a questionnaire survey in spas and fitness centers regarding their knowledge of the salt content in individual foods. In the second part of the practical work, I will evaluate the menus from clients from fitness centers according to the nutritional program. The aim of this work is to map the effect of salt on human health, its content in basic foods and its intake by the population of the Czech Republic.
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The effect of salt on health, its content in food and the intake of the population of the Czech Republic
Miškovská, Žaneta ; Dostálová, Jana (advisor) ; Košťálová, Alexandra (referee)
This work deals with the effect of salt on human health. Excessive (as well as insufficient) salt consumption can harm health, and at the same time salt consumption in the Czech Republic is one of the highest in the EU. In my work I deal with basic types of salt such as table salt, vacuum and sea salt and their extraction. I also deal with the two elements that make up salt - sodium and chlorine. I also describe disorders of sodium and chlorine metabolism, the effect of salt on health (positive and negative) and the function of salt in food. I also briefly address the salt content of bakery, meat and dairy products and the importance of salt in the technology of these foods. In the practical part of the work, I deal with the salt content in individual selected foods and the possibilities of how to reduce this salt content. Part of the theoretical part of the work is also a questionnaire survey among ordinary consumers regarding their knowledge of salt content in individual foods. The aim of this work is to map the effect of salt on human health, its content in basic foods and its intake by the population of the Czech Republic. Keywords Salt, sodium, chlorine, salt content, salt in food, salt consumption
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Cytototoxic effects of antiseptics in devices for chronic wound healing
Kejzlarová, Leona ; Pavlík, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Hrdý, Jiří (referee)
Chronic wounds are often colonized by pathogens bacteria. The occurrence of infection on the surface results in an injured and delayed healing process. Therefore, the use of antimicrobial agents that eliminate microbiological stress and prevent infection is required for the treatment of chronic wounds. Microbial agents include antibiotics, but pathogens are able to develop resistance to them. Antiseptic agents are therefore used, which act non-selectively. Antiseptics may be cytotoxic to human tissue cells and cause a delay in wound healing. A certain balance needs to be struck between antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity. The most commonly used active substances with microbicidal properties in antiseptic preparations are: silver, iodine, chlorine, octenidine, polyhexanide, and chlorhexidine. This work describes the mechanisms of action of these agents and compares the clinical and laboratory knowledge of their effectiveness in chronic wound healing and cytotoxicity against cells involved in this process. Keywords: Chronic wounds, antiseptic, cytotoxicity, octenidine, chlorhexidine, polyhexamethylen, PHMB, iodine, silver, chlor
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Design and Operation of Water Disinfections Plants
Krupicová, Simona ; Rajnochová, Markéta (referee) ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor)
In the first part of my bachelor thesis I deal with individual disinfectants used for hygienic supply of drinking water based on chlorine and without chlorine. Then I mention the operation without chlorine disinfectants. In the second part of this thesis I describe individual plants using various disinfection methods and at the end of the thesis I compare these methods and use it in practice.
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Selected chemical substance and preparedness of integrated rescue system to these substance in selected area in South Bohemian region. (AMMONIA, CHLORINE, NATURAL GAS, BENZINE)
ŠEVČÍK, Martin
This bachelor thesis is focused on integrated rescue system, on it´s components and preparedness of this components to avert danger of dangerous chemical substances, specifically is this thesis focused on ammonia, chlorine, natural gas and benzine. Object of this thesis is find out whether the selected components of the integrated rescue system are able to adequately respond to the hazards resulting from the leakage of these substances. One of the partial objectives is the assessment of the preparedness and assessment of the material resources, because of these reasons, was used a questionnaire, which was filled in by the members of the Czech Republic integrated rescue system. The results of the questionnaire survey are displayed with using descriptive statistics. Results which were interesting are shown graphically. This work can be used as a source of information, as a learning tool or it can be used for compare changes in the preparedness of selected subjects after few years. Some kind of technical unprepardeness of police department and medical rescue service. The fire department was well prepared, not only because of the current material resources, but also because of constant modernization of their technology. The knowledge of all components is good enough to carry out its tasks, but there were also have been notised some mistakes in discipline of hazardous substances, which means possible health threats for rescuers. The work also includes possible solutions, for example creation of lectures, for members of the integrated rescue system which would be led by university teachers.
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Extraordinary events in the Aquapark in Uherské Hradiště
KUBÍČKOVÁ, Kamila
The thesis deals with the issue of possible chlorine leakage from the Aqua Park in the town of Uherské Hradiště. Chlorine is a toxic substance, widely used in industry. The amount of chlorine used in the aqua park does not comply with the values stipulated under the Major Accident Prevention Act, as it is under the limits set in the act and the object therefore cannot be classified into either group A or group B. Since the aqua park falls between unclassified sources, it is not subject to any obligations under this act, including processing documentation for cases of emergency. Despite that it is necessary to ensure the safety of persons in the aqua park area, as well as in its immediate vicinity in case of leakage of large quantities of the substance. The aim of the thesis is to determine whether the aqua park can ensure preparedness for emergencies, especially for chlorine leakage. Chlorine is a moderately toxic substance which irritates particularly the respiratory system, eyes and mucous membranes, and in high concentrations, it can cause pulmonary edema and death. The thesis defines its basic physical and chemical properties, the method of using and providing first aid in case of exposure to the substance. Furthermore, it presents basic concepts related to emergencies and leakages of hazardous substances as well as basic legislation dealing with the issue. Such legislation includes primarily the Act on Integrated Rescue System, Act on Chemical Substances and Mixtures, as well as the Fire Protection Act. The thesis further includes risk assessment and analysis carried out using the Cause-Consequence Analysis or cause-effect analysis. This method is used for a better understanding of failures which can occur in an enterprise. It tries to deal mainly with the evaluation of the probability of system failures and looks for the causes of such failures. Using the Aloha and Terex software programs, a chlorine leak was simulated into the surrounding areas during the summer and winter seasons. Both programs simulated a chlorine leak in the total amount of 975 kg, under the same meteorological conditions for both seasons. Based on the specified input information, endangered zones in which it is necessary to evacuate the people were determined.
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