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Economic evaluation of the current revitalization of watercourses in urban areas, with emphasis on the concept of ecosystem services
Paseka, Petr ; Zajíček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Macháč, Jan (referee)
This thesis examines the impact of the concept of ecosystem services in the evaluation of the social costs and benefits of urban watercourse revitalization. Its possible use is shown on the specific selected project. The theoretical part explains the economic substance of ecosystem services, defines related terms, introduces different approaches of various economic schools to the concept and describes its historical development. The practical part then quantifies the net social benefits and costs of the selected project using cost- benefit analysis extended by the concept of ecosystem services. In the conclusion, the objective indicators are calculated and analysed in order to identify the strengths and weeknesses of using the concept of ecosystem services.
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Analysis of the institutional framework for management of selected ecosystems in the Eastern Ore Mountains
Kratochvíl, Martin ; Louda, Jiří (advisor) ; Osersová, Marta (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to analyze and calculate the economic value of selected ecosystem services in the Eastern Ore Mountains and then analyze together with quantitative research, which was held simultaneously with the data collection survey. Selected ecosystems are typical for the Eastern Ore Mountains and provide recreational and aesthetic function. Contingent valuation method and method of choice experiment are used to calculate the economic value. The analysis of qualitative research is carried out by institutional analysis. Contingent valuation method is used to determine the willingness to pay for preserving the aesthetic function of mountain meadows in the Eastern Ore Mountains. Quantifying the economic value together with qualitative research may help to define tools for maintenance management of ecosystems that help to protect, maintain or restore ecosystem. Some methods of evaluation of environmental goods and institutional analysis are described in the theoretical section. The practical part is focused on the results of a questionnaire survey with a qualitative interpretation of the results.
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Analysis of the value of ecosystem services by stated preference methods: Case study of clearance cairns in the Eastern Ore Mountain
Břízová, Lucie ; Vojáček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Slavíková, Lenka (referee)
During last decade there has been developed concept of so-called ecosystem services (e.g. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005) in matured countries. This concept focus especially on identification of benefits resulting from intact ecosystem and also on various ways of taking all those benefits into account when dealing with decision-making process of market economy. Goal of this concept (among other things) is to keep currently freely available ecosystem services in nature as they are and also to ensure natural conditions for life won't be becoming worse. Landscape of eastern Ore Mountain has its specific character especially because of few unique ecosystems which don't occur in other locations at all; or they are presented there but not in such high volume. We can consider mountain meadows, natural streams and clearance cairns at the most important local unique ecosystems. Main goal of diploma thesis is to analyze recreational and mainly aesthetic values of clearance cairns. Even though clearance cairns are important biotopes there was quite small attention dedicated to them in existing analyses made in Czech Republic. That is in heavy contrast to attention dedicated to those biotopes in other areas, e.g. in eastern part of Ore Mountain belonging to Saxony where local inhabitants appreciate clearance cairns so much that every single section of them is completely documented (resulting into 1.000 kilometers of documented clearance cairns). Diploma thesis is based on methodology using analysis of primary data obtained from empirical research. Research was realized in eastern Ore Mountain during summer 2013 and author of this thesis was actively participated both in preparation phase and also in realization phase. Thesis also uses random utility theory, discrete choice models and also stated preferences methods (e.g. Bateman et al., 2002). Multinominal logit model and random parameter logic model are used for values estimation. Based on performed analysis thesis verifies or disproves hypothesis saying that willingness to pay for clearance cairns is statistically insignificant (i.e. people don't consider this landscape element as having significant value). Diploma thesis results will be used as a suggestion for obtaining clearance cairns management.
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Compensatory market mechanisms in the sphere of conservation of species diversity and their potential use in the Czech Republic
Martíšková, Kateřina ; Louda, Jiří (advisor) ; Macháč, Jan (referee)
Benefits that mankind obtains in connection with existence of the well-functioning ecosystems and biodiversity, are called ecosystem services. Although biodiversity is not an ecosystem service in itself, however it is one of the basic prerequisites for their function. The importance of this topic for society, directly depends on the importance of ecosystem services as a source of direct or indirect benefits that impact the well-being of the human population. The aim of the application of market mechanisms on this issue is to find the optimal level of environmental protection and human development, together with optimization of the allocation environmental goods. These market mechanisms are used by many countries around the world. The thesis analyzes several cases of use of compensatory market mechanisms, with a closer focus on the Australia, the Britain and the France. Costs and benefits of the system are recognized, together with the configuration of the operation in the various states. This thesis also provides views on the territorial structure of the Czech Republic, the value of their ecosystem services and they are also presented methods of biodiversity conservation on the basis of which the possibility of establishing a market-besed systém of biodiversity conservation in the Czech Republic has been discussed. Application of market mechanisms could bring a certain dynamism to the protection of biodiversity in the Czech Republic, which is currently provided by the system of national parks and other specially protected areas, which can act as barriers to economic development. On the contrary, the market system will allow the use of the landscape in places with the highest demand through the application of the price mechanism. However, due to administrative costs of this system so far, it seems that the application of biodiversity conservation is rather unlikely in the Czech Republic.
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Comparison of two areas with different level of intensity of agricultural exploitation as concerns the ecosystem services
KUNT, Lukáš
The aim of this thesis is to evaluate two localities with different intensity of agricultural use in terms of ecosystem services provided by nature habitats. In connection with the evaluation of the sites is in the works documented incidence size seminatural habitats, natural calculated value of the studied area using Biotope Vaulation Method (Seják et al., 2003) Application MapoMat developed by the Agency for Nature Conservation and Landscape. The value of ecosystem services is determined through expert analysis by replacement cost. There were differences in the value of ecosystem services important habitats between conventional and organic farming at localities 1 and 4. Natural habitat value conventionally used the site has a 2.53 milKč compared to the organic farming locality where the value was estimated at 194.6 milKč, In this context that the value of ecosystem services locations 1 shows a value of 4438.96 milesCZKyear-1 compared to location 4, calling shows a value of 7905.01 milesCZKyear-1. On this basis, were statistically significant differences in both localities in terms of the frequency of diversity factors examined specimens of ground beetles are examined diversity index P <0001.
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Impact of the adjustment of the area of former tank training area on its ecosystem services
PAČKA, Jiří
The ecological value and the value of ecosystem services of the former military area in Čtyři Dvory in České Budějovice was evaluated in this thesis. The expert method of BVM (?Biotope Valuation Method?) and the Replacement Cost method (cost of technological alternative to ecosystem function) according to Seják et al. (2003, 2010) were applied. Four ecosystem services were evaluated: climatic service (evapotranspiration), little water cycle, oxygen production, and the support of biodiversity. For comparison, the sale price of the area and the ?recreation? value calculated by the contingent valuation (CV) method were also evaluated. The estimated sale price was 837 million CZK, which was by twelve-times higher than the ecological value estimated by the BVM method. Most of the area (57 %) was formed by the biotop XK4 ? pioneer shrub vegetation of atropogenic noncultivated areas with 13 points per m2. The most valuable biotop was V2.2 ? periodic waters with 44 points per m2, which formed 1.5 % of the examined area. The estimated value of ecosystem services was 1 372 millions CZK per year. The realization of all the planned construction projects on the examined area would lead to the depression of the ecological value according to the BVM method by 19.5 millions CZK and the depression of the value of the formerly mentioned four ecosystem services by 459 millions CZK.
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Impact of the intensive agriculture on the ecological functions of the landscape
MACH, Michal
This aim of this thesis was to compare the value of ecological functions of two areas with different intensity of the agricultural management. The expert methods of Seják et al. (2003, 2010) were used for the calculation of the ecological value of the area and of the value of ecosystem services. The BVM (Biotope Valuation Method) was used for the calculation of the ecological value. The Replacement Cost method was used for the calculation of the value of ecosystem services. The following services were evaluated: the flood-protective, production of the above-ground biomass, retention of the nutrients, support of biodiversity, production of oxygen, climatical service, and support of small water cycle. The rate of tillage was used as the indicator of the intensity of the agricultural management (25 % for the area I and 83 % for the area II), which corresponded to the proportion of natural biotops (60 biotops with total area of 108 ha in area I and 35 biotops with total area of 34 ha in area II).
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