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Vliv věku při prvním otelení na užitkovost dojnic
HERMANOVÁ, Alena
Breeding cattle is the most demanding sector in agricultural production. Primarily it is demanding in the economic aspect. Factors influencing the economy are proper reproduction and high milk yield quantity, we include these factors among the main breeding objectives. This thesis deals with the analysis of fertility of dairy cows and milk production of holstein cattle herd. The aim of this thesis was the analysis of data on reproduction and milk yield quantity of dairy cows. The following indicators of dairy cows were recorded: milk yield quantity, the age at first calving, parity, calving interval, service period and sex of unborn calves. 295 dairy cows with finished lactation were observed. The influences of the lactation on the milk yield quantity was statistically significant between the first to the second lactation, the first to the third lactation and the first to the fourth lactation. There is not statistically significant difference between the second to the third and the third to the fourth lactation. The influence of the lactation is not statistically significant to longitude set periods and to calving interval. The longest service period 137,10 days was on the fourth and the following lactation. The longest calving interval 406,35days was on the third lactation. The lowest service period 71,1 days was identified in the dairy cows with the yield of over 10 000 kilograms of milk. The dairy cows with milk yield quantity to 6000 kilograms of milk had the shortest calving interval 343 days. The dairy cows which were first calved at the age of 800 to 900 days had the highest yield quantity 8786,58 of milk. For sexes born calf on dairy cow milk yield quantity was a statistically significant difference in milk yield quantity between dairy cows that gave birth to the bull or heifer (p <0.05) in favor of dairy cows with calves born.
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Effect of milk yield on selected indicators of reproduction in Holstein cattle
HUBÁČEK, Tomáš
Cattle husbandry is the most difficult branch of agriculture and economics. There are two main reasons that affect economy of dairy cattle: milk utility and reproduction. The aim of every stockbreeder is the highest milk production and also good reproduction indicators. This bachelor work was aimed at analysis of selected reproduction indicators about milk utility of Holstein cattle. The analysis was done in the company PRIMA AGRI a.s. Data were analysed from 1st October 2013 to 30th September 2014. There were analysed 270 dairy cows with closed lactation. There were observed these indications: milk utility, rank of lactation, age of first calving, length of service period, length of the inter-calving interval and causes of elimination from breeding program. Influence of milk utility on the length of service period was statistically important only in a group of the dairy cows with utility 6000 - 8000 kg milk (p < 0,05). There was no statistically important difference in the length of service period in other groups. There was statistically important difference in the length of the inter-calving interval in the groups of the dairy cows with utility 6000 - 8000 kg milk and utility more than 10000 kg milk (p < 0,001). The length of the inter-calving interval was longer in a group of dairy cows with utility 8000 - 10000 kg milk (p < 0,01). Rank of lactation influences milk utility of all groups of dairy cows (p < 0,001). There was no statistically important effect of age at first calving. Effect of rank of calving on the length of service period was statistically important in second (p < 0,05) and third lactation (p < 0,001). Effect of rank of lactation on the length of the inter-calving interval was statistically important in second and fourth and higher lactation (p < 0,01). There was 8 days shorter length of the inter-calving interval in a group of the dairy cows in third lactation (p < 0,001). Average number of eliminated dairy cows was 33,04 %. The most frequent reason of dairy cows elimination were other healthy reasons - 51 % of culling cows.
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Factors affecting composition of goat milk
PECOVÁ, Lenka
The Bachelor thesis deals with composition of goat milk and effects influencing changes in the composition of goat milk. Goat milk is a product, quality of which is affected by a large number of factors. The outcome of this thesis is classified information about factors affecting the amount and composition of produced goat milk; the factors are divided into three main categories - biological factors, nutritional factors and factors of technology and management. Nutritional factors, in particular amount, quality and nutritional properties of feed and water, most affect the amount and composition of produced milk. Another essential factor is a genetic disposition which includes the individuality of the goat, its breed and pedigree. Among the other significant factors which affect quality of goat milk, we can classify health, age, lactation phase, technology and hygiene of milking, housing and treatment and a climate. Less important factor is e.g. earliness of weaning kids. All the factors are interconnected. Neglecting several less important factors can significantly negatively affect the composition of goat milk even though extraordinary care will be given to factors that are considered essential (and vice versa). Therefore it is important to take into consideration all factors involved, from the process of creation of goat milk to its manufacture.
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The metabolic profile of the milch cow of holstein breed in the period of lactation
HORČIČKOVÁ, Michaela
Diploma work was concentrated on the evaluation of two metabolic profiles on the milch cows of Holstein breed on the basic of compilated nutritive rations for individual phases of lactation. The metabolic tests were evaluated in the milch cows in the period of making cow milk, the top of lactation and the second phase of lactation. The balance of nutriments was counted out in the nutritive rations. The haemotological and biochemical parameters, macromineral and urinary profiles were evaluated in the metabolic profiles. The work in the both metabolic profiles evidenced the reduced number of erythrocytes which can be connected with the occurence of anaemia. In the period of the top of lactation it is possible to speculate about an energetical deficit with regard to the low content of triacylglycerols. In the profile tests the presence of ketone bodies substances in urine was found out in the period of making cow milk. This finding connects with the negative energetic balance that occurrs in the course of the first two months after calving. Within of mineral profile an attention should be paid to especially the content of calcium, which was reduced in the both profiles. In comparison with the profiles perfomed in 2011 we find out that reached modifications of the nutrive ration and the increase in the content of main nutriments, which shoved in the milch cows by improvement of metabolic effects. Neverthless in breeding of the milch cows the increased emphasis should be put on the period of making cow milk and the recommendation for prevention from anaemia or other disorders is carrying out of the selective metabolic test.
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Transfer of genetic potential for reproduction in sows production sector
NÝVLT, Vladimír
The purpose of this thesis was to describe the transfer of genetic potential of sows in production sphere and evaluate concrete results in reproduction breeding sows Agricultural Society Kosova Hora. On large-scale farrowing sows were evaluated Doublovičky basic herd of sows, which consisted of 440 to 520 pieces. sows. The basic herd always has been about 35 nucleic sows (P 1065). The rest of the herd was an offspring of hybrids F1 (C 1023) program the PIC. The sows P 1065 were investigated causes selecting progeny namely: 1) For lack of development, which was evaluated from birth to breeding gilts adulthood. 2) The number and formation of the teats. For breeding were required to at least 12. They can not be crater, but well formed to have good piglets suck breast milk from them. 3) Reproduction in gilts were evaluated after conception periodic (cyclic) heat. The minimum requirement for the first 8 piglets which are born alive. For the basic herd was evaluated the age structure. It was incorporated into three groups and evaluated that, the largest selection of sows was for lack of milk production, limb injuries, poor breeding condition and the possibility of further embedding. The largest selection of sows takes place after the third to fifth lactation.
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Analysis of milk yield and fertility in the herd of dairy cows of Czech Pied cattle
VAFEK, Jan
Current economic conditions emphasize the efficiency of milk production. The two main factors that have an influence on the economics of dairy cattle are the milk yield and the reproduction. Therefore, the effort of breeders of dairy cattle is to achieve a milk production as high as possible while maintaining a good reproductive performance. The aim of the thesis was to evaluate the selected effects to the indicators of fertility and milk production in selected Czech Pied cattle herd. Data were evaluated from June 2008 to October 2013. In the evaluation were included 290 cows that had completed lactation. For the monitored cows was evaluated the effect of lactation on a milk production, the effect of genotype and processing breed on the performance of the and milk components, as well as on selected reproductive indicators . For observed genotypes C1a C2 has been shown that cows of genotype C2 had a statistically significant higher milk yield milk (p < 0.05 ), while the cow with a genotype C1 had significantly higher fat content (p < 0.05). The effect of genotype on age at first calving as well as the influence of the length of the service period, interim and the protein was not statistically significant. An effect of lactation number on the content of the monitored constituents and quantities of milk was statistically significant (p < 0.05), as well as the yield for each lactation. Concurrently was shown an influence of age at first calving to the number of lactation of the monitored breed. In the analyzed dataset was shown the influence of milk production in the length of the service period and the interim. The service period for productive cows with milk yield over 10000 kg of milk per lactation was higher by 17.5 days and the interim by 42.3 days compared with cows yielding 6000 kg of milk per lactation (p < 0.05). It was also shown to influence of a refined breed on milk production and milk components . The crossbreeds of Czech Fleckvieh with the red Holstein breed had the highest average yield per lactation (7885,07 kg of milk) compared to pure-bred cows and the crossbreeds with the breed Ayrshire, which were statistically significantly higher in fat and protein compared with other groups of cows in the monitored breed (p < 0.05). The effect of processing crossing on the length, service period and interim haven´ t been proved in the monitored herd.
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Changes of mares milk contents during lactacion
VRÁNOVÁ, Vendula
The objective is to determine the composition of mare´s milk at different stages of lactation and changes in its content that occurs during lactation. Variability of constituents in the milk contents between mares and possible link in the content of individual components of milk was also examined. Average values of contents were found during the five months of lactation: Fat 1.5%, protein 1.62%, lactose 6.55% and dry matter 9.78%. It was found that during lactation fat content decreases from 1.7% to 1.3% and protein content decreases from 1.75% to 1.48%. Lactose and dry matter content is unchanged. A higher coefficient of variation was found in fat and protein (between 16 -17%), lower in lactose and dry matter content (5-6%). Relation was found between protein and fat. On the contrary, no evidence of correlation between protein and lactose content, nor between the fat and lactose content was found.
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EFFECT OF REARING HEIFERS GRAZING ON MILK YIELD AND FERTILITY
DVOŘÁKOVÁ, Lenka
The agricultural cooperative Opařany 160 pieces were selected for breeding cows anddivided into two groups. Pasture rearing and stable rearing. Which was observed fertility and milk yield. After an overall assessment of the breeding heifers, in 2007 the results of reproduction was worse in pasture system of heifer rearing. By contrast, in the next reporting period in 2008 the grazing system of heifer rearing embody improved results than rearing in stables. After a general evaluation of milk yield, the grazing system of heifer rearing is worse in 2007. In particural the amount of milk in kg and kg of protein. By contrast, in the next reporting period in 2008 the grazing system of heifer rearing reachedimproved results compared stable rearing. And as the number of milked milk in kg, and milk ingredients - % fat, which is in pasture breeding higher in all of KU. The reason of low milk yield results and reproduction charakteristic is especially in poor nutrition and ill-prepared rations, or fed on poor quality components. In the grazing system of rearing the lack of growth in individual animals is due to missing supplementary feed. And for both groups, we should look for causes of poor management and the transfer of young animals to the reproduction and subsequent production should be taken into account the current condition, not age.
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Midwife as a lactation adviser
TOMÁNKOVÁ, Veronika
Breastfeeding is the best and, at the same time, the cheapest nutrition for babies. Current trends are in favour of breastfeeding and its support. Support of breastfeeding can be viewed as a preventative way of care, since a mother?s decision against breastfeeding her baby may have material adverse impact on the health of both the baby and the mother. Organisations devoted to support of breastfeeding can be found across the Czech Republic and the whole world. The theoretical part of this paper summarises findings concerning breastfeeding and lactation consultancy.The practical part of it is focused on gathering data from lactation consultants. For the purposes of this paper, I have set 3 objectives and 3 related questions. Objective 1: To map midwifes who provide lactation consultancy in the South Bohemian region. Objective 2: To establish the type of employment relationship under which lactation consultants provide their services. Objective 3: To define specific aspects of a lactation consultant?s job. I have chosen qualitative research as my method and conducted non-standardised interviews consisting of 28 open questions. My research group included 5 midwifes who provide lactation consultancy in the South Bohemian region. The research was performed through March and April 2011. Answers to the questions comprise the output of the research. Research Question 1: Are there enough midwives providing lactation consultancy in the South Bohemian region? Research Question 2: What type of employment relationship do the lactation consultants work under? Research Question 3: What are the specific aspects of a lactation consultant's job? The research questions have been answered. The research indicates that lactation consultants provide this service either as private midwifes or in their free time when off work, whilst employed in hospitals. Lactation consultancy is a specific type of job in that it's fieldwork. I have mapped lactation consultants in the South Bohemian region. 3 of my respondents stated that there was a lack of lactation consultants, however, that, for the time then being, the offer was meeting the demand. Students of midwifery, midwifes, but also nurses who work at hospital puerperium units can find this paper useful. It provides findings which may help to improve this type of work and may be useful for midwives who are interested in providing lactation consultancy.
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