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Specificity nurse care off children at infantile institution from spectacle nursing sister
JAMBOROVÁ, Lenka
The Diploma Thesis deals thematically with the specifics of nursing care specialized in accommodating the needs of children in nurseries from the perspective of nurses. Nurseries are medical facilities for children from birth to three years of age. In some cases, children may stay in a nursery beyond the age of three years, e.g., if they wait until arrangements have been made for their sibling, so that they could be allocated to the same foster family of children?s home together. The specifics of nursing care for children in nurseries vary according to their age and needs. Regular regimen has to consist of time intervals for feeding, playtime, outdoor activities, sleep, and daily hygiene. It is thereof necessary to observe a certain routine schedule and build up a sense of order in the children from very early age. Dunovský divides children?s needs into biological, psychological, social, and developmental needs. The children?s needs are described as variable at the different stages of their development. Their biological needs, however, are constant and require full satisfaction for undisturbed development of every child. The objective of the Thesis is to find out whether the children?s needs are properly satisfied from the perspective of the nurses who work in such nurseries. With this aim in mind, we have set out four research questions, all of which we have been able to answer successfully. For the purposes of our study, we applied qualitative research methods, specifically, the method of structured interviews. During the interviews, the respondents answered 32 prepared questions. The research team was comprised of general and pediatric nurses from seven locations of the Children?s Centers in Jihlava, Znojmo, Strakonice, Prague, and Dvůr Králové, and from the Children?s Homes in Kamenice nad Lipou and Stránčice. The interviews were transcribed into casuistry and processed further as categorization tables. The survey revealed that the nurses at the nurseries under study were satisfying the children?s biological, psychological, as well as social needs to the extent of their best conscience, human resources availability, and the technical provisions of their respective workstations. The children in their care could be attended to even better, if there were more personnel, a new gym, swimming pool, and another pavilion, where the children could be transferred after reaching the age of six years. Based on the results of the survey, an information flyer has been drawn up containing compiled information for the public as to the role and function of nurseries and available options in the area of foster family care. The Thesis might also be used as educational material by medical/nursing staff members in the Czech Republic, and raise awareness about any existing shortcomings in the care for these children.
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Community care versus nurses in primary pediatric care
VAŇKOVÁ, Soňa
Paediatricians and nurses belong to primary health care providers in the in child care while nurses have been taking over a key role in the primary health care. Their position is becoming stronger under the conditions of growing demands in the current health system. This survey was carried out as a combination of quantity and quality research. A questionnaire and an interview for nurses and parents was worked out as a major tool of the research. The survey included 102 nurses in paediatricians' offices. 112 parents and five nurses were interviewed in the range of the research work. There were six objectives set for the thesis. The first objective was to find out whether nurses in primary paediatricians' offices use nursing procedures. The hypothesis set up for the first objective was as of the following: nurses in primary paediatricians office do not use nursing procedures. This was proven on the grounds of the answers received in the survey. The second objective was to find out whether nurses keep their own nursing books and records. The second hypothesis set up was worded as of the following: Nurses in primary paediatricians' offices do not keep their own nursing records. This hypothesis was proven as well. The third objective was to find out whether nurses from primary paediatricians' offices visit families as a part of their service to families. The hypothesis for the third objective was worded as of the following: Nurses from primary pediatricians' offices visit patiens in their homes. The hypotehsis was proven on the groundsof the survey. The fourth objective was to find out whether nurses in primary paediatricians' office observe children in familes with bad socio-economic backgrounds. The hypothesis was worded as of the following: nurses observe children in familes with bad socio-economic;backgrounds. This hypothesis was proven as a fact. The fifth objective was to find out whether nurses are informed about community care. The fifth hypothesis was worded as of the following: nurses in primary paediatricians' offices are not informed about community care. This hypothesis was not proven. The sixth and the seventh objectives were to find out what the range of awareness about community care in parents' minds exists and whether parents are satisfied with nursing care provided by paediatricians and nurses. The hypotheses were worded as of the following: parents are not aware of community care and they consider paediatricians' and nurses' care substantial. The sixth hypothesis abot the range of parents' awareness of commuinity care was not proven, while the seventh hypothesis about satisfaction of nursing care by paediatricians and nurses was proven. In the frame of quality reasearch and on the grounds of four research questions two hypothese were set up. The first one is worded as of the following: Paediatric nurses in primary paediatric care consider community care as necessary and inevitable to provide a thourough care in familes with bad socio-economic backgrounds. The second one is worded as of the following. Paediatric nurses consider cooperation with nurses in other fields of the system as necessary and that eduaction towards well-being is desperately needed. Nurses should be aware of their roles within the health care system. They are no longer just nurses providing care and doers of doctors' commands. They have to learn how to operate successfully in other roles such as: managers, researchers, legislative assistants, advisors, educators and etc.
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Access to the first treatment of the newborn within twenty years
FORMANOVÁ, Renata
To make the passage of a newborn infant from its intrauterine to the extrauterine life a smooth process, and to facilitate the infant's proper postnatal adaptation, the quality of medical personnel and their approach to the initial treatment of the infant come as matters of utmost importance. The theoretical section of the paper concentrates on the initial treatment as practiced today and the same treatment as administered twenty years ago. Specified are the major changes that the treatment underwent throughout the last twenty years. The practical section of the paper focuses on experience and practices followed by midwives during the recent twenty years when providing the initial treatment in selected South Bohemian hospitals. To make an inquiry into this matter and to reach the below-specified objectives, the author chose to apply the method of qualitative investigation. The method assumed the form of semi-standardized interviews with midwives giving the newborn infants their initial treatment in six selected South Bohemian hospitals between 1990 and 2010. The paper had two objectives: (1) to find out the differences, if any, in the approach to the initial treatment of newborns as practiced from 1990 to 2010; and (2) to make a comparison between the individual procedures of the treatment while revealing any differences possibly experienced from 1990 to 2010. Both the objectives have been accomplished. Research Question 1, i.e. "What are the differences in approach to the initial treatment of newborns between what was common twenty years ago and what can be encountered today?", has been answered as follows: the personnel's approach altered when the system of rooming-in was introduced. Unlike the situation in 1990, nowadays the system is fully developed. Modified was the stance towards the mother, father and the baby - now they are perceived as a family. Preference is given to contact between the mother and the child immediately after the delivery; the father's presence is welcomed; breastfeeding is supported; and handling the infant in any other way is minimized. Research Question 2, i.e. "What are the differences in procedures used for the initial treatment of newborns between what was common twenty years ago and what can be encountered today?". During the 20 years a number of the practices has undergone quite substantial changes. Changed has been the treatment of umbilical cord; the infant's identification; postnatal suction; the metering of bodily dimensions; thermo-management; technical background; vitamin K administration; decontamination of the conjunctival sac; and the advancement of the rooming-in system. This Bachelor paper can help all medical workers get acquainted with the practices formerly employed to give a newborn baby the initial treatment and to compare the practices with the current situation. The research results can be utilized in teaching at the University of South Bohemia and published in professional journals and on the Internet.
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Child's nurse task in education of newborn's artificial nutrition
ZAJÍCOVÁ, Lucie
It is now after leaving the hospital breast-fed infants and 4.5% only 34% of infants are breastfed for longer than six months. If the mother is unable or unwilling to breastfeed her child, comes the work of children's nurses, which should comprehensively educate mothers on the artificial feeding. This work focuses on the problem of feeding the newborn. Its task is to map the role of pediatric nurses in the education of artificial infant feeding, as well as identify the reasons for mothers to stop lactation and the transfer of their children - infants to artificial feeding. We tried to find out what are the errors in the application of artificial infant feeding, which is committed by mothers, and whether it is possible to eliminate these errors led education process of children's nurses. The research part of our work was the method of quantitative-qualitative research. For qualitative research, data collection technique was used semistructured interview. The interview was anonymous. Quantitative research was conducted through interviews. The questionnaire was anonymous. It contained 23 questions. Research files of qualitative research, mothers are mothers who use feeding their newborn infants artificial nutrition products. This set of nine respondents were selected in the Region. The research sample consisted of quantitative research for pediatric nurses, working in the department of physiological neonatal hospital South Bohemia. The results of our work we want to move the broader public, mothers who have decided, at its discretion, that are unwilling or unable to breast-feed. We created educational material to make the children's nurses working at the department of physiological and pathological newborn, as well as nurses in primary care.
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The Development of Standaros of Proper Nutrition for Children to The Age of Three
KILBERGEROVÁ, Jana
The target of the thesis was to find out the way of alimentation of the child up to the age of three years in the family, if the nurses inform the mothers of the children up to the age of three years about the principles of the correct alimentation of their child and to create the education and information in the field of principles of correct nutrition of the child up to the age of three years. These targets were achieved. In the quantitative research examination, the research complex consisted of a general and children nurse, and mothers of children up to the age of three years from all 123 consulting rooms of physicians for the children and young people (pediatrists) in the South Bohemian Region. 123 questionnaires for nurses and 1230 questionnaires for mothers of children up to three years of age were distributed. 85 questionnaires for nurses and 360 questionnaires for mothers were used for the research. It follows from the results of the research examination that mothers are well informed about the correct way of alimentation of their child in the consulting rooms of practical physicians for children and young people and they observe the recommended principles of the correct nutrition of their child. It follows from the research examination of nurses that there are not unified opinions in introducing some kinds of food into the nutrition of sucklings and toddlers, first of all concerning the pasteurised cow milk, fat and cholesterol. The answers of nurses and mothers in the research examination were the base for elaboration of the educational manual for the parents ? especially for mothers and a standard for the nutrition of children up to there years.
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Importance of home visits in primary child care
KARDOVÁ, Kateřina
I have focused my Bachelor Thesis with the topic of ``Importance of home visits in primary child care{\crqq} on the importance and frequency of home visits of health care workers and on the visits of social workers to the family within the program of family recovery. The first goal of my Bachelor Thesis is to map the frequency of home visits of health care workers during newborn and older period of the child. The second goal of my Thesis is to map the frequency of family recovery. I worked with the method of quantitative research at processing the Thesis. I used anonymous standardized questionnaire as tool. I handed out the questionnaires to parents of children in playrooms, mother centres and outside playgrounds. The hypothesis 1 states that the visit service of health care workers in the family is under 30% during the newborn and older period of the child. To verify the second hypothesis I processed the second questionnaire to be filled out by organizations performing family recovery. Also the second hypothesis stating that the method of social work {--} family recovery {--} is insufficient in the Czech Republic was confirmed. My Bachelor Thesis can be used as impulse to increase the frequency of home visits of health care workers, not only in case of children in newborn period but also in case of older children because the research shows that parents would be interested in such service. Within family recovery, this Thesis can be used to start working with the child and the child{\crq}s family in time, so that the family is recovered and the child can stay in his or her original family and need not be placed to some institutional care facility.
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Interpersonal relationship development between children's nurse and mother in the neonatology department by means of the H. E. Peplau model
AMBROŽOVÁ, Helena
The dissertation objective on the theme {\clqq}Interpersonal relationship development between children's nurse and mother in the neonatology department by means of the H. E. Peplau model`` is to chart individual phases utilization in the process, professional relationship development between children´s nurse and mother according to the H. E. Peplau model. Further through created documentation to find out differences at the approaches during professional relationship connecting between children´s nurse and mother in the neonatology department in the Hospital JSC in České Budějovice. To meet these objectives the dissertation is divided into theoretical part which focuses on differences at the care of developed and underdeveloped infant, nursing model H. Peplau including its application into practice. The second, practical part is divided into quantitative and qualitative parts. The quantitative part concentrates on factors finding out which influence professional relationship between children´s nurse and mother in compliance with the H. E. Peplau model and concurrently specifies individual nurse roles changing during professional relationship children´s nurse and mother. The data of the quantitative research part have been learned by means of questionnaire disquisition. By the dissertation results summarizing I found out facts regarding H. E. Peplau model individual phases utilization at the children nurse {--} mother relationship establishing in neonatology. Hypothesis 1 {\clqq}Children nurses with own children establish faster the professional relationship with mother`` {--} has come true. Hypothesis 2 {\clqq}Children nurse practice length influences the ability to establish the professional relationship with mother`` {--} has come true. Hypothesis 3 {\clqq}Children nurses undertake the role of the mentor in most cases`` {--} hasn´t come true. The data of the qualitative research part were identified by observation, conversation with children nurse, creating of the documentation own proposal at the mothers of prematured children hospitalized by ROOM IN system and its application in practice. Mothers were divided into two groups, the common way of the interpersonal relationship establishing with mother was used in the first group, the way of the interpersonal relationship establishing with mother according to the H. E. Peplau model was applied in the second one. At the quasiexperiment it has been identified the interpersonal relationship establishing with mother proceeds better at the nursing H. E. Peplau model utilisation. The dissertation knowledge can be partly utilised by neonatology department of the Hospital JSC in České Budějovice, in particular by children nurses to master the abilities for professional relationship establishing with mother and to provide subsequently mother and child with the complex nursing care. Further to students and other interested people in this issue.
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Past and present of education of paediatric nurses and their attitudes towards their own profession
ZMEŠKALOVÁ, Stanislava
This thesis deals with the history and present state of the education of paediatric nurses and their attitudes towards their own profession. The first objective was to find out information regarding the education in the nursing profession in Bohemia, with a focus on child care, and to create an overview of the education in the profession Paediatric Nurse. The second objective was to find out about the attitudes of paediatric nurses towards their profession. Interviewed were sisters who chose the profession after finishing elementary school and underwent qualifying studies as well as nurses who chose the profession after graduating from a secondary school or university education and achieved their education through specialization studies. The last objective was to compare these two groups and to assess whether there are any differences between them. The theoretical background of the thesis defined basic concepts such as the definition of education, education in nursing, a profession, and attitude towards a profession. Documents related to education since the foundation of nursing education to the present were also used and studied. The chapters on the status of nursing staff and its employment chances focus on the development of the relationship to the profession and shaping attitudes towards it. In the research part of the thesis, the collected information related to education and derived from archival documents, literature, laws and regulations is presented. The results can be used as a basis for creating educational material focused on the history of the field and intended for the education of paediatric nurses to strengthen their identification with the profession. The thesis also presents interviews with in-service paediatric nurses where they express their views on the work in the field and their attitudes towards their profession. The results of the interviews are documented and organized so that it is possible to assess whether there are any differences between these groups. The anticipated differences can be used for further investigation focused on attitudes to the profession. Verified knowledge could then be used for training paediatric nurses aimed at creating desired attitudes towards the profession.
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Nursing care for newborns with most common inborn developmental defects
KALOUSOVÁ, Michaela
The topic of the bachelor thesis is the nursing care for newborns with most common inborn developmental defects. Inborn developmental defects undoubtedly represent a significant problem of the neonatal age. Children with inborn developmental defects make up 3,5-6 % from the total number of children born and only one third of the defects is found out in the neonatal age. Inborn developmental defects vary from insignificant deviations to defects threatening life. Although the care for newborns with inborn developmental defects is conferred on specialized neonatology workplaces it is very important for all those who provide the first treatment of the newborn baby to master the basic principles of this specific nursing care and to master among others also its theoretical part. The treatment of a newborn with a an inborn developmental defect is always specific for the particular defect and it is therefore vital to secure correctly the newborn baby's needs and to avoid all risks that could be caused by unprofessional treatment. On this basis the goal of the paper was set. It is the goal of my research to find out the level of theoretical preparedness of children's nurses and midwives for care for newborns with inborn developmental defects. To determine this goal two hypotheses were set on the basis of which was prepared an anonymous questionnaire aiming at finding out the theoretical preparation of children's nurses and midwives for the care for newborns with chosen inborn developmental defects (IDD). There where 35 questions in the questionnaire. The surveyed group were children's nurses and midwives working with newborns in chosen hospitals. In total 140 questionnaires where handed out of which 59 % where handed back. The interpretation of results is based on the number of 83 respondents. The research proper was carried out in 7 hospitals in different regions of the Czech Republic. The results of the research were, according to my opinion very good. The premise of the first hypothesis was that children's nurses and midwives are well prepared for the immediate postnatal care for newborns with IDD. This premise was confirmed. Almost all questions concerning the care for newborns and theoretical knowledge were answered correctly by more than 75 % of respondents. In many questions the correct answers varied between 80-100 %. The means of correct answers is 86 %. The premise of the second hypothesis was that children's nurses are better prepared for the immediate care for newborns than midwives. The total number of correct answers of children's nurses was 1485 (50,24 %) and the total number of correct answers of the midwives was 1471 (49,76 %), which cannot be considered a significant difference. The second hypothesis is therefore not considered confirmatory. The research has shown that the level of theoretical preparedness for care for newborns with IDD is very good in both the children's nurses and the midwives. However there are always areas where the knowledge could be further promoted.
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Nursing diagnostics and nursing diagnoses in Pediatrics
FIKAROVÁ, Lucie
Children´s nursing has its particularities, whether in differences between child care during individual development stages or in the range of illnesses and their clinical manifestations. Nurses taking care of a child patient should observe all particularities of pediatric nursing which surely makes the nursing diagnostics diffucult and demanding. The theoretical part of the bachelor{\crq}s thesis {\clqq}Nursing diagnostics and nursing diagnoses in pediatrics`` opens with a description of pediatrics alongside with an outline of history and development in pediatric nursing. The following part of the thesis describes the current state of child care. The main operating method used by nurses who take care of hospitalized children complies with the Section 4 (1) of the decree No. 424/2004 concerning the nursing procedure. Nursing diagnostics is one of the stages described in the nursing procedure. The following parts of the thesis include detailed accounts of the theory of nursing diagnostics, taxonomy of nursing diagnoses, and particularities of the nursing diagnoses in pediatrics. The survey was based on quantitative method by way of questinnaires. Also, the data content analysis was utilized in order to complete the data acquired. The aim of the bachelor{\crq}s thesis was to find out whether the nurses addressed knew the nursing diagnoses used in pediatrics, if they use such diagnoses in practice, and what is the biggest obstacle when performing nursing diagnostics in pediatrics. The outcome from the data collected proves all three hypotheses correct. Hypothesis 1 is: Nurses have a good command of nursing diagnostics in pediatrics. Hypothesis 2 is: Nurses utilize individually the nursing diagnoses in pediatrics. Hypothesis 3 is: Lack of time is considered to be the biggest obstacle while using the nursing diagnostics in pediatrics by nurses. The survey has also found out that there are utilized different taxonomies for nursing diagnoses with respect to differences at various age and other particularities, which certainly respects the child as an individual human being but makes the diagnostics more time demanding. Therefore it is suggested to unify the used terminology within individual departments with respect to a number of published books on nursing diagnostics in pediatrics and make otherwise time demanding nursing work a little easier.
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