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The perfect nurse by the eyes of pediatric patiens and his parents
Bartoníčková, Daniela ; Tomová, Šárka (advisor) ; Nikodemová, Hana (referee)
Bachelor paper "The perfect nurse in the eyes of pediatric patients and their parents" deals with the evaluation of professional nurses from the perspective of how the youngest of patients, school children and adolescents and their parents perceive them. The paper is divided into two sections - theoretical and empirical. The theoretical section describes the meaning of the word ideal, enables a retrospective view of the past, and describes the present state of pediatric care. It also deals with the education and the competencies of nurses. A considerable emphasis is given to the evaluation of an ideal image of nurses, particularly their knowledge, their skills, their character, their communication skills, the education given to children and the parents of the children. In the empirical section objectives are set and a working hypothesis is proposed for the survey. The purpose of the empirical section is to obtain real data, through the use of questionnaires, for which then a primary analysis is conducted. The obtained results are used to help to find the ideal image of nurses and the ideal characteristics for nurses working on pediatric wards to reveal to what extent nurses fulfill this ideal.
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The roles of nurse in nursing care for a child with congenital cataracts
MEDVECOVÁ, Vladimíra
Current state: Congenital cataract is an ophthalmic disorder where the clouding of the lens causes defect in its transparency and light dispersion. The child experiences a visual impairment that can be examinated depending on the age and mental state of the child. The treatment is removal of the clouded lens, subsequent correction of dioptric defects and subsequent training and monitoring of amblyopia. Purpose: of this study was to describe the roles of paediatric nurse in nursing care of children with congenital cataract and the specifics in nursing care in this condition, based on reviewed material. The following research problems were explored: What are the roles of paediatric nurse in nursing care of children with congenital cataract? What are the specifics in nursing care of children with congenital cataract? Methods: In order to reach the goal set by this study we used qualitative data and study analysis. This study implements data sources from National Medical Library in Prague, the Academic Library of University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, the library of 2. LF UK and FN Motol in Prague and the library of National center of nursing and non-medical health providers in Brno. Moreover the study reviewed the material from bibliographic databases (Cochrane Library, Ebscohost, Medscape, ProQuest, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus) and online databases of medical associations of ophthalmology (The American Academy of Ophthalmology, The Royal College of Ophthalmologists). Results: The goal of this study is to provide a comprehensive view on nursing care of children with congenital cataract. Conclusion: Even though the role of paediatric nurse in nursing care of children with congenital cataract is rather neglected in current literature, it is crucial in all forms of healthcare. In conclusion we define the role of paediatric nurse in nursing care of children with congenital cataract and description of the specifics of this care.
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The role of nurses in community care for newborn.
BROŽÍKOVÁ, Radka
This diploma thesis examines the role of paediatric nurses caring for newborns in the community. It aims to determine if and how newborn care in the home environment takes place and the role of the paediatric nurse. The research is based on one of the primary objectives set out by the member states of the WHO to improve the health of the entire population in the twenty-first century with the focus on community care and its development. The theoretical part is dedicated to the definition of community care and its history in the Czech Republic. We initially focus on how childcare at home was provided in the past. This is followed by a description of the current situation regarding care of a newborn and the mother during the first weeks following birth, both here and abroad. We evaluate the role of the paediatric nurse in terms of nursing care for newborns and research the duties that the nurse carries out within the clinic, family, and community.We have set out two objectives and five research questions. The first objective was to identify nursing care problems encountered by mothers at home and how they solve these problems. The second objective was set out in order to explore how nurses become involved in the community care of a newborn. We have chosen a qualitative method for the research part of the thesis. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews. Subsequently, a qualitative analysis and categorization of collected data was conducted. Two research sample groups were created in the first phase. The first consisted of mothers with newborns, i.e. children from birth to 28 days. The second group consisted of paediatric nurses who work in outpatient care with children and adolescents. The second phase of the research addressed paediatric nurses working in the neonatal clinic, which is run by the hospital's paediatric department. The result of our thesis is the finding that community care provided by the paediatric nurse in the field, in a natural environment and with the cooperation of the entire family and community, as defined, is almost nonexistent. The long-established system of primary care directs all nursing work into the surgeries of the paediatric practitioner, and only the first visit to the newborn, but not in all cases, is conducted at home. This system is insufficient to cover all the specifics of childcare. The needs of the newborns and their parents are becoming more urgent and in the first weeks following the birth the mothers only very slowly begin to gain healthy self-esteem and confidence in their maternal abilities, hence the need for an individual approach and help in the proper care of their baby. They feel there is a lack of information and they do not know how to deal with the needs of their newborn. The most problematic issue described is breastfeeding. The addressed nurses are of the same opinion and also consider breastfeeding as the most common focus of their intervention, and therefore, the most important part of their work.We have discovered that the skills and competencies of the paediatric nurses are sufficient to enable them to become a relevant element in the comprehensive care of newborns within the community. The interventions delivered by the nurse are fully integrated into paediatric nursing.The parents of newborns would, according to our survey, prefer a home visit from health professionals, particularly if it concerns the first contact with the baby and family. The out-patient care does not provide enough time and space to pursue common nursing issues, therefore, home visits are an essential part of the care that should be offered to the mother and baby. Community nurses would help to coordinate the services provided to families as well as help solve the nursing issues that mothers encounter in the first weeks of their child's life. A paediatric nurse would, therefore, become a partner to the parents in a joint effort to ensure the healthy development of their child.
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The role of nurses in the care of overweight or obese adolescents
SOROKANETS, Viktorie
This thesis is focused on the role of a pediatric nurse in the care of overweight and obese adolescents. A pediatric nurse plays a key role in promoting the health of children and adolescents in primary care. A nurse is in many cases the first person the family or a child confide their worries and health concerns in. A pediatric nurse is a person whose professional focus is determined by the needs of children; he or she is an expert who should seize every opportunity for consultation on healthy lifestyles of children and parents; he or she is an essential and irreplaceable member of the team caring for a child or an adolescent (Sikorová, 2012). This thesis consists of two parts. The theoretical part is focused on obesity itself, it describes pathogenesis, complications and consequences, as well as prevention and treatment. In the next chapter we focus on the role of the nurse in the pediatrician's office. There we described the role of nurses in the examination of an obese or overweight adolescent, the awareness of a nurse and adolescent in the field of childhood obesity, the principles of communication of nurses with the obese adolescent and his or her education. At the end of the theoretical part the psychosocial impacts on obese adolescents, such as social isolation, discrimination and the risk of developing eating disorders, are described. The second half of the thesis is empirical. Research was carried out in two ways. The first part of the research was realized in the form of a quantitative survey, in which nurses in general pediatricians offices were approached using electronic questionnaires. The questions in the questionnaire were focused on the education of nurses in the field of childhood obesity, education of adolescents, cooperation with families and other professionals. The research group therefore consisted of pediatric nurses who pursue their profession in the Czech Republic. In the second part of the research the method of questioning, namely the interview technique was used. It was a semi-structured interview with obese adolescents. Each interview consisted of 24 questions and lasted an average of 20 - 25 minutes. Interviews with adolescents were focused on the knowledge of the term Body Mass Index, health and psychological consequences, their personal lives, relationships with peers and partners, the possibility of using the services of a nutritional consultant. We contacted 15 respondents aged 16 to 20 years, all were from South Bohemia. In case of minor adolescents parental agreement with the research had to be acquired. The questionnaire was accessible online and its completion was not time consuming; however out of approximately 400 distributed questionnaires only 154 returned fully completed. The return of questionnaires was approximately 40 % and reflects the ratio of completed and mailed questionnaires. At the beginning two goals were set. The purpose of the first objective was to explore the role of nurses in the approach to obese adolescents. The results showed that nurses are trying to educate themselves in the field of child obesity, they are interested in the issue of childhood obesity, what is more they are trying to educate the overweight adolescents in good nutrition. Furthermore, they also aim to cooperate with the child's family and even with other professionals, such as an endocrinologist, cardiologist, nutritionist etc. The second objective was to determine how obese adolescents perceive themselves. Opinions obviously differed, some children did not admit to being overweight/obese, while others saw themselves as the "fatsoes", "whales" ugly and useless, and that nothing suits them". Some suffer from depression, others try not trouble themselves with it. To fulfill the purpose of quantitative research 3 hypotheses were set. H1: Nurse educates adolescents about healthy eating. The hypothesis was statistically confirmed because research showed that nurses really do educate teenager.
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Means and measures of brest´s problems during brestfeeding period
HAVELKOVÁ, Zuzana
Breastfeeding is irreplaceable mode of child's nutrition. Its importance is proved in general and its irreplaceability as well. Profit of breastfeeding goes to a mother and a child too. During the proces of breastfeeding women may face different breast problems. The task for the competent healthcare staff is to propose suitable solution and enable them to continue breastfeeding in full. The qualified person is midwife and child ward nurse as well. The Thesis deals with a role of the above mentioned staff considering breastfeeding and solving breast problems. The Thesis consist of two parts, a theoretical and a practical ones. The theoretical part is divided into three main chapters. The first one named Breastfeeding focuses on introduction in a set area. Given knowledge is necessary for enhancing breastfeeding and solving its problems. The second chapter deals with single difficulties with breast and their solving. The third one describes midwives' profession and its role in a field of breastfeeding. The practical hal fis devoted to women with breast difficulties during childbed and also to midwives and pediatric nurses, who are in charge during such women hospitalization. For given research we set three aims. The first is to chart the situation, prevaling issues with breast while breastfeeding. The second is to find out the amount of stress put to prevent breast' problems in this period from the childbed women point of view. The last one is to trace the solving of such problems in County Hospital Jindřichův Hradec and Regional Hospital České Budějovice. The quality research was chosen with means of self made partly structured dialogue. People to respond were deliberately chosen. One set consisted of ten nurses from childbed ward, who are responsible of solving breast problems during mothers' hospital stay.There were four pediatric nurses and one midwife from each hospital. České Budějovice hospital's nurses were from Physiological newborn ward and Jindřichův Hradec hospital's nurses were from Childbed ward. The mode of selection was influenced by tradition, that help with breastfeeding is given mainly by pediatric nurses only seldom by midwives. The other set was made of mothers, who experienced problems with breast during breastfeeding period. Five of them delivered their babies in České Budějovice's and five in Jindřichův Hradec's hospitals. Research survey has been taking place since February till April 2015. Data given went through qualitative analysis. On basis of given research guestions we came to conclusion that the main problem which troubles women in childbed were mastitis and wounded and flat nipples. Improvement of breast problem prevention should help in prenatal field. Within hospitalization pediatric nurses and midwives put a stress in prevention concerning only women chosen by them. Negative judgement on prevention of breast problems came from experienced women in childbed. It is important, that person concerned has an equivalent approach to all the women when it comes to prevention. Problems solving was mainly positively evaluated. Although they found very important besides given advices also the higher emphasis for psychice side of mather. The output of the Thesis was creation of a leaflet which deals with prevention and solution of breast problems. The leaflet might be obtained inantenatal care and gidance centers.
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View of nurses on the health - care reform
ABRMANOVÁ, Michaela
This thesis analyses the reforms of health and social care in the Czech Republic, focusing on the impacts of the reform measures on providers and consumers of health care. Health reforms are currently very up to date, but have not yet been adequately processed and published. Health care of the modern state which Czech republic undoubtedly is must provide affordable and quality health care to all children and people of the society. There is however a necessary role of the state as the representative of the entire health system and relevant legislation. In this thesis we studied the prepared government reforms. The aim of this work was to understand this difficult area and bring this issue further primarily to medical professionals. The results of the research can serve professionals in health social area and be published in scientific journals. The thesis contains a theoretical and empirical part. In the theoretical part we focused on health care systems after 1989, the need for a new reform, the economic development, the health legislation and we also mentioned problems of the current health care system in the Czech Republic. In more detail, we focused on the amended laws related to the new changes in the healthcare system of the Czech Republic. Regarding the reform measures of the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs, we focused on the change in the institutional child care and thus a possible replacement of nurseries foster care. For the empirical part research was chosen qualitative method of semi-structured interview with nurses. The research sample consisted of 20 university educated nurses who work mainly on children's wards in hospitals in Czech Budejovice, Tabor, Czech Krumlov and General University Hospital in Prague. In the thesis we stated six goals and six research questions. First, we wanted to determine nurses opinions on the big planned new health and social reform. Furthermore, we were interested in awareness nurses would planned changes in the health and social sphere with other goals we wanted to see what would nurses would like to change in the health system of the Czech Republic, how well informed Theky are about the changes in health care since 1989, what they know about the problems of institutional care and what their opinion on the possible cancelation of nurseries and they replace ment of institutional care by foster care is. From the research it was shown that the specifics of the health reform were seen by the respondents from different point of views. During the qualitative investigation it was found that the knowledge of university educated nurses regarding the planned health reforms was not fully sufficient. With the year of 2014 crucial changes occurred in the Czech health system. In particular, we do not pay medical fees for inpatient stay (1st. January 2014). By the media discussed many medical fees majority of the respondents was aware of but they didnt know the other reforms. In this thesis we focused on the lack of (un) awareness of nurses of planned the health reforms. Our hope is to convince the wider professional public that basic knowledge of politics in the Czech Republic is a very important issue.
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Parents and Peadiatric Nurses Awareness of Infant Sleep
ŠIPANOVÁ, Renáta
One of the most common complaints of mothers at the paediatrician's is complaint about the night sleep disorder, especially in older infants and toddlers. Long-term insomnia of a child negatively affects well-being of parents and disrupts peaceful atmosphere of home. We often encounter sleep disorders in babies; mostly they are frequent nocturnal awakenings and difficulty falling asleep. Parents should be therefore informed about sleep issues already at neonatal units, as they are informed about breastfeeding. The target group of this research was mothers of infants and nurses working at neonatal units and in primary paediatric care. The aim of the study was to determine the level of awareness of paediatric nurses and parents about infant sleep and create educational material for nurses. The survey was carried out using a snow ball technique, in-depth interviews with mothers and a questionnaire with open questions for nurses. Collected data were then transcribed, coded, and processed using frame analysis by. Then, using the snow ball method, we gradually extended the sample to 7 mothers of unsleepy infants and 7 mothers of sleepy infants, i.e. to cases that were supposed to strongly manifest the problem. Also, paediatric nurses were selected intentionally according to their place of work at neonatal departments and in primary paediatric care. Parents receive information about infant sleep most often on the Internet, from specialized books and from their own mothers and friends; and they usually do not ask nurses for information on infant sleep. Parent only find out at home that there is a problem with their child's sleep. They tend to try various interventions to lull their baby to sleep. Research has shown that the most common source of knowledge for nurses is their personal experience with their own children. Nurses also use their rich experience gained during long years of practice. Furthermore, they educate themselves in this issue using specialized books, visiting seminars, and they also use the internet. Nurses' advice to mothers regarding infant insomnia is shown in two perspectives in our research. The first is the perspective of mothers and the second one is the perspective of nurses. Surprisingly, there are discrepancies, especially regarding the nurses in primary care. Interventions that were reported by nurses coincide with working techniques of lulling a baby to sleep. In contrast, some interventions which were described by mothers as advice from a nurse rather indicate ignorance or indifference of some nurses. The research showed that the quality of infant sleep may be to some extent influenced by the information given to parents already at neonatal unit by medical staff, because they are in the best position to provide such information. However, mothers often choose different sources. The research has shown that mothers usually instinctively select proper techniques to lull restless infants to sleep without consulting a paediatric nurse. These results have prompted the development of an educational leaflet for nurses which informs about proper practices and appropriate techniques to lull restless unsleepy infants to sleep.
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THE ROLE OF CHILDREN´S NURSE IN SCHOOL CATERING
MÁGROVÁ, Milena
Approaches to nourishment and eating habits are formed from early childhood under the influence of family lifestyle, gradually together with the influence of school and society where a child grows. Healthy lifestyle should systematically address all children during the whole school attendance, adequately to their age and needs. Comprehensive link between theoretical and practical influencing of pupils in subjects Human and Health and Education to Health with the possibility of link to school canteen. Then we will be on the good way to cooperation of all the involved parents, healthcare staff, teachers and school canteens leading to the common goal, which is GOOD HEALTH. The aim of the thesis was to assess the role of a children nurse in school environment, namely in school catering. The research tried to analyse catering standards for pupils of primary schools and to find the experience and satisfaction with school catering among parents and to map approaches of children of lower and higher level of primary school to school canteen meals. Quantitative and qualitative research was applied to the thesis. Data collection was performed by means of questionnaires for parents and children from the 3rd to 9th grades and focus group among children of the 1st and 2nd grades of primary school in Jindřichův Hradec. The questionnaires were processed and statistically evaluated by SPSS programme. We applied Parkinson's chi-squared test, a paired sample t-test for graph and table outputs. The focus group was performed in classrooms and in the canteen during break and during lunch at presence of a teacher and the vice headmistress. The research sample consisted of parents of children attending primary school in Jindřichův Hradec and pupils of the 1st to 9th classes of the same school. School catering, which is a frequent topic among professionals as well as the wide public in the whole Czech Republic and the results of our research are obviously an exception. Analysis of catering standards has shown that parents can only partially participate in preparation of menus, as they partially participate in financing of school lunches. From observation of 1st and 2nd class children we have found that children of this age are affected by the social environment they are in during the day. We have found that nearly all the children are satisfied with their meals. Pupils of 3rd to 9th classes formed another group. They commented and assessed canteen meals, where our sample differed from the other researches within the whole Republic. Satisfaction with canteen meals did not substantially differ with age as we expected. The research into satisfaction with school meals among parents has shown that parents of elementary school children are more satisfied that those of the higher level children, so the satisfaction among parents differs between the lower and higher primary levels. The research points out the connection of educational and healthcare systems, that there would be a place for a children nurse in this community, who operated in the school healthcare service before privatization of primary healthcare and still successfully operates there in many countries. It is necessary for community nurses to implement, lead and coordinate the care and for their care to be perceived as legitimate and essential in all spheres. The research results were requested by the vice headmistress of the school in Jindřichův Hradec in advance for possible correction of school catering and they might be also presented at seminars or conferences focused on nutrition and healthy lifestyle of children.
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A retrospective look at the development competence of pediatric nurses on inpatient department
ŠIMKOVÁ, Zuzana
This thesis deals with not only a question of competence of nurses and their children's development, but also in terms of preparation of professional nurses. The nursing skills are necessary competence to perform the nursing profession. Represent this area of knowledge, skills and attitudes that are acquired through education. One of the ways to qualify nurses to the profession, is today a university course. The second method is a specialized education, provided that the candidate meets the conditions for admission and received his professional competence to practice nurses. Determination of the competencies of nurses in the Czech Republic is governed by Law No. 96/2004 Coll. Acquisition and recognition of eligibility for non-medical professions and for activities related to providing health care and amending certain related acts, the last decree on the activities of health workers and other professionals, No. 55/2011 Coll. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical cross section contains the history of pediatrics and nursing, selected chapters from health legislation and development of children's ward in České Budějovice Hospital. For the practical part, I chose a qualitative research method of interviewing and pediatric nurses. The research sample consisted of 10 nurses who work or have worked on the inpatient pediatric ward. There were set three goals in this work. The first task was to determine the development of competencies nurses. The second objective was to determine the extent of the authority nurses at present. In the last part of my job I surveyed whether nurses are aware of their general competence. The research showed that their competencies developed. A large share of this development has the technological development in medicine, new insights in treatment and use of modern diagnostic methods and increasing nursing education. Results of this research can serve for professionals in pediatric congresses and publication in professional journals.
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