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Kinetoplastids biology, from the group phylogeny and evolution into the secrets of the mitochondrion of one representative: \kur{Trypanosoma brucei}, the model organism in which new roles of the evolutionary conserved genes can be explored
TÝČ, Jiří
This thesis is composed of two topics, for which trypanosomatids and evolution are common denominators. First part deals with phylogenetic relationships among monoxenous trypanosomatids, with emphasis on flagellates parasitizing dipteran hosts, analyzed mainly from biogeographical and evolutionary perspectives. Second part focuses on the trypanosomatid Trypanosoma brucei, causative agent of severe diseases, which serves as a model organism for functional studies of evolutionary conserved mitochondrial proteins, in particular those involved in replication, maintenance and expression of the mitochondrial genome, also termed the kinetoplast. This thesis identified the mtHsp70/mtHsp40 chaperone machinery as an essential component of replication and maintenance of the kinetoplast, and also identified numerous conditions under which mtHsp70 has a tendency to aggregate. Moreover, several conserved proteins, previously identified to be part of the mitochondrial ribosome, were shown to be important for translation of the mitochondrial transcripts.
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Educational programme about horses for horse rider
JAVORSKÁ, Jana
Javorská, J. 2014: Educational programme about horses for horse riders. Bachelor thesis. Faculty of Education, JU, České Budějovice, 62 p. The educational programme "How to understand horses and how to make horses understand you" is an opportunity to apply essential knowledge of ethology and evolution of the horses in the riding club environment. This bachelor thesis concerns formation an educational programme to enable riders to understand the basic aspects of the evolution and ethology of horses. Its theoretical part works out an overview from the fields of evolution, domestication and ethology of the horses and the problems which are responsible for the prevailing current method of hobby and sport horse breeding. Its practical part contains a description of a proposed all-day education programme, which includes the above mentioned topics placing emphasis on acquired knowledge into practice at the riding club. The programme is in the form of an education project in which the participants become scientists for a whole day at the conference of ethology of horse. A set of worksheets has been created for the programme. The outcome of this work is an implemented educational programme. Its discourse part contains proposals for further improvement of the programme, which followed the pilot project.
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Ecology and evolution of mountain butterflies
KLEČKOVÁ, Irena
The thesis deals with speciation processes, thermal ecology and habitat use in Holarctic mountain and arctic butterflies. It demonstrates a crucial role of environmental heterogeneity for speciation, survival of butterfly lineages, coexistence of closely related species and, finally, for resource use of sexes with different habitats demands at the level of individual species.
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A potency of heritability demonstration in a classroom aquarium longterm experiment
ZAHRADNÍKOVÁ, Milena
The bachelor thesis is focused on a heritability of a development rate in a semiaquatic bug Microvelia reticulata (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha) as a model species of an aquatic organism. The main aim of this study was to estimate the heritability and evaluate if such experiment can be proceeded in a school conditions. A nested full-sib / half-sib design was used for the experiment. This setting is based on an analysis of several offspring of a unique mother and a father shared among several groups of siblings. The final estimate of a heritability is low (h2 = -0.03; SE = 0.25), offspring thus do not share a development rate with their parents. This long-term experiment is not appropriate for school conditions because of an extreme daily-care demands and unpersuasive results.
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Roots of religious belief in human nature
JOHN, Radek
The text reviews current theories which try to explain the existence of religious beliefs, including evidence to support them. The reader first encounters the brief characteristics of world religions at the beginning of the twenty-first century. Then he learns three approaches to explain this phenomenon. First of them considers religion as a by-product of human cognition, second as a signal of willingness to cooperate and the third as a way to increase the reproductive success of the faithful. This is followed by discussion.
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Species diversity and speciation mechanisms in Crenicichla (Neotropical cichlids)
PIÁLEK, Lubomír
This thesis contributes to the knowledge of the species diversity of the Crenicichla lacustris sp. group in the La Plata River basin with description of three new species. Speciation mechanisms within two different species flocks from the middle Paraná/Iguazu and Uruguay Rivers were studied with a phylogenomic approach applying a novel genotyping method based on a Double-Digest Restriction site Adjacent DNA (ddRAD) sequencing. Our results support a repeated origin of morphological species being evolved several times sympatrically and independently in different drainages. A considerable role of hybridization/introgression as an evolutionary force was also proposed. The thesis further uncovers biogeographic aspects of the southern part of Brazilian shield and adjacent coastal rivers.
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Molecular aspects of interspecific hybridization of sturgeons related to polyploidy and in situ conservation
HAVELKA, Miloš
Sturgeons (Chondrostei: Acipenseriformes) display markedly disjunct distributions with a wide occurrence in the northern hemisphere. Their unique benthic specializations, conserved morphology, evolutionary age, the variation in their basic diadromous life history, and the large public interest due to their near extinction or critically endangered status make sturgeons and paddlefishes one of the most interesting group of vertebrates. In addition to that, ploidy diversity of Acipenseriformes possessing three ploidy groups having ~ 120 chromosomes, ~ 240 ? 270 chromosomes and ~ 360 chromosomes provides unique model for investigation of evolutionary processes which were going through the genome duplication events. Sturgeons are also notoriously known for their strong propensity to interspecific and intergeneric hybridization which can result in hybrids with various ploidy levels. All these facts make sturgeon genetics and cytogenetics a thriving but also complicated area for research. In the present work, the role of genome duplication and functional reduction evens in evolution of sturgeon species as well as sturgeons? ploidy levels and ploidy relationships among Acipenseriformes were investigated using molecular markers. In addition to that, clarification of origin of abnormal ploidy levels and observation of segregation pattern of microsatellite alleles in the course of hybridization of polyploid sturgeon species were included into this study. With regard to the all considerations and observations provided by this study we concluded that evolution of sturgeon species is still widely dynamic and ongoing process which might goes through the allopolyplodization as well as autopolyplidization events.
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Art as Evolutionary Adaptations
LATUROVÁ, Martina
The content of this bachelor work is to introduce the main concepts of evolutionary aesthetics. It uses the ideas come of the Charles Darwin's adaptive theories to explain the origin of Art. It attempts to defend the belief that Art is able to provide some advantages in the fields of natural and sexual selection for survival or reproduction. This work will rely in particular on the contemporary naturalistic aesthetics theories of Denis Dutton and Geoffrey Miller.
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Transformation
ZAPLETALOVÁ, Petra
Abstract The thesis consists of two parts: theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part of my thesis I would like to describe the development of art, especially the prehistoric times, the specifics of the time and gradual changes, focusing on the life of prehistoric creatures and their development. Zoom personalities related to this topic, especially illustrators, painters, filmmakers, who are involved in public awareness about the picture of the time. Finally, I would like to mention the influence of authors and styles of the 20th century and approached the work of contemporary artists inspired by this theme. In the practical part of the thesis, deals with the presentation selected and died out creatures. To this I would like to take the theoretical and practical knowledge based on my work involved.
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