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Aerofytické sinice z provincie Madang a z Mount Wilhelm, Papua Nová Guinea
MAREDOVÁ, Nela
Cyanobacteria present an important part of global biodiversity. Despite this fact their species richness and distribution are understudied. This current work was focused on diversity of aerophytic Cyanobacteria in Papua New Guinea. The samples were collected in the vicinity of Wanang, Ohu and Mt. Wilhelm from soil, stones, trees and wet walls. Microscopic analysis of samples and determination of present cyanobacterial morphotypes were carried out. Where possible unialgal cyanobacterial strains were isolated from fresh samples. A review on aerophytic Cyanobacteria of Southeast Asia and New Guinea was made.
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Vliv tepelného zpracování na mechanické vlastnosti oceli
Čupa, Jan
Bachelor thesis deals with the heat treatment of steel and its influence on the mechanical properties of steel. In the introduction is the procedure to production of raw iron and steel. Thesis shows the distribution of steel, depending on their chemical composition, method of production and labeling according to Czech National Standards. Thesis also describes structural phases and some transformations of iron alloys. The next chapter provides an overview of the heat treatment methods and part of the description of each species is usually their influence on the properties of steel. The final part of thesis deals with the lattice defects, that may arise during the process.
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Use of Waste Substrates to Production of Enriched Yeast Biomass
Starečková, Terezie ; Demnerová, Kateřina (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; doc.PharmDr.Petr Babula, Ph.D. (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
Yeasts are like other organisms constantly exposed to environmental influences. Their survival depends on the skills to adapt to environmental changes, including the ability to use various alternative sources of nutrients. In presented PhD thesis carotenogenic yeast belonging to the genera Rhodotorula, Sporobolomyces and Cystofilobasidium were tested for ability to use of selected waste substrates, and also subjected to several types of exogenous stress effects and mutations in order to increase the production of microbial biomass enriched with specific metabolites. As alternative nutrient sources derived from waste substrates from agricultural and farm production apple peel, pulp, corn germ and more were tested. Yeasts were also exposed to osmotic, oxidative and combined stress (benefits of various concentrations of NaCl and H2O2 to the culture media), followed by metal ions of selenium and chromium in concentrations of 0.01 mM, 0.1 mM and 1 mM. The effect of mutagen methanesulfonic acid ethyl ester was tested too. In all experiments the adaptivity of cells, morphological changes, color pigments produced by the media while some important fungal metabolites production and changes in chromosomal DNA fragmentation were analyzed. In order to evaluate potential changes in the yeast genome after treatment with mutagen and stress factors methods for isolation of intact chromosomal DNA and DNA analysis by pulsed field gel electrophoresis was optimized. The amount of produced metabolites was mainly analyzed by RP-HPLC with UV/VIS and MS detection. The work has been shown that most strains are able to use waste substrates and produced selected target metabolites. Biomass, for example, in R. aurantiaca on apple fiber was about 7 g/l and in C. capitatum cultivated on modified whey reached to 9 g/l. Amount of produced carotenoids by R. aurantiaca cultivated on wheat germ and maize after enzymatic hydrolysis by F. solani was 1.01 mg/g and S. roseus on pasta 4.3 mg/g. The values of ergosterol synthesis in R. aurantiaca are on the apple shells around 4.8 mg/g, in S. roseus on pasta with the enzymatic hydrolysis of P. chrysosporium 8.9 mg/g. The best substrate for biomass production and induction of carotenoids are waste substartes containing a mixture of simple and complex carbohydrates enriched with the addition of nitrogen compounds. Potential cytotoxic effect of stress factors of low concentrations was demonstrated. Red yeast genome was able to distribute by optimized PFGE, the karyotype of tested yeasts contain 11 or more chromosomes with visible differences between yeast species and genera. During exchange internship the ability of recombinant yeast S. cerevisiae to convert xylose to xylitol, which would be achieved by increasing the production of bioethanol as alternative fuel sources was studied. It turned out that both ligninocellulose materials to bioethanol production, as well as various waste substrates for microbial synthesis of carotenoids would reduce costs for industrial production of yeast metabolites, as well as to reduce the negative burden on the environment.
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Verifying of the accuracy of selection methods used for the evaluation of browsing damages caused by game
Šafránek, Zbyněk
This article deals with the calculation of browsing damages caused by game on young forest stands in the Ore Mountains (Forestry Administration Klášterec nad Ohří). In selected stands were counted all individuals of tree species with the distribution to the damaged and undamaged. This method of determining the percentage of damaged trees is the most precise, but excessively time-consuming. For comparison of the results was used also selection method - a circular plots. The aim of this paper is to determine the accuracy of the sampling method compared with the simple counting of damaged individuals.
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Surface treatments of internal combustion engines cylinders
Malec, Petr ; Raffai, Peter (referee) ; Maršálek, Ondřej (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is a professional research, which describes the most common methods of surface treatments of modern internal combustion engines cylinders. The work consists of the distribution of the species changes, their use and justification of their application. It also describes the technology of individual surfaces, their coating and finishing operations to achieve the best results of sliding surface.
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Positive displacement pump design
Klapka, Petr ; Šperka, Oldřich (referee) ; Klas, Roman (advisor)
This thesis gives an overview of the structure of hydrostatic pumps. First, there is shown the integration of the hydrostatic pumps between other hydraulic machines and then there are described the fundamental relationships and characteristics. The main objective of this work is to make a basic list of species distribution and the classical hydrostatic pumps. For each type, while mentioning his principle, his description of the main members is also highlighted some of their advantages and disadvantages.
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Genetická a morfologická variabilita skupiny \kur{Melampyrum nemorosum}
DRAHNÍK, Petr
Melampyrum nemorosum agg. is very complicated group of hemiparasitic plants. According to the traditional concept, 15 species is distinguished. Recent molecular analyses show a need of critical taxonomic revision of group and a potential importance of ancient hybridization. Analysis of 3 regions of cpDNA (trnTUGU-trnLUAA, psbA-trnHGUG, rpl32-trnLUAG) and 2 regions of nuclear DNA (Agt1 and At103) reveals well supported lineage with limited geographical distribution. Morphology and genome size of genetically supported lineages were compared.
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Genetická a morfologická variabilita skupiny \kur{Melampyrum nemorosum}
DRAHNÍK, Petr
Melampyrum nemorosum agg. is very complicated group of hemiparasitic plants. According to the traditional concept, 15 species is distinguished. Recent molecular analyses show a need of critical taxonomic revision of group and a potential importance of ancient hybridization. Analysis of 3 regions of cpDNA (trnTUGU-trnLUAA, psbA-trnHGUG, rpl32-trnLUAG) and 2 regions of nuclear DNA (Agt1 and At103) reveals well supported lineage with limited geographical distribution. Morphology and genome size of genetically supported lineages were compared.
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Plodnost dubu letního na území CHKO Litovelské Pomoraví - porostní variabilita a distribuce opadu
Sitta, Josef
This diploma thesis deals with fruitfulness and stand structure of Pedunculate oak mature stands (Quercus robur L.) in the Protected Landscape Area Litovelské Pomoraví. Aim of this thesis is to determine variability in stand structure and fruitfulness. A partial aim was to analyse a litter distribution under the single oak trees. In total 4 groups of stands and 3 single oak trees were analysed. Stand structure was detected by using Field Map technology on transects. This survey was representation of individual tree species, standing volume inventory, tree height, tree crown height, then positions of individual trees and their crown projection. Thereafter the indices of aggregation and competition were detected. Fruitfulness was studied in years 2013 and 2014 on plots about 1 m2 located in the center transect at intervals of 5 m. The seed containers were used as a control. Representation of oak according to the number spread over a 21 % to 38 %, according to breast-height circular base from 35% to 66 % and according to standing volume inventory from 40 % to 73 %. The fruitfull intensity in 2013 varied from 0 to 65 pcs and in 2014 from 0 to 31 pcs. The highest harvest was in stand with the largest number of oak trees. The abundance of acorns under the single oak trees from the bottom of the trunk to the edge of the crown was possible to describe by linear trend y=25,3926-0,0344×x in 2013 and y=2,2206-0,0047×x in 2014.
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Proliferace jabloně (Candidatus Phytoplasma mali)
Blahová, Kamila
The aim of this thesis was to write a literature review on the topic of apple proliferation. To achieve this goal, a basic overview of the history of phytoplasma and determining their terminology were created. Taxonomy of Candidatus Phytoplasma mali phytoplasma, its bionomics, host plant species, geographic distribution and economic importance were mentioned in this work. Moreover symptoms on infected apple trees, the factors that influence the spread of the disease and its subsequent detection of available diagnostic methods as well as. Possible ways of transmission, bionomics of insect vectors, safeguards and regulatory standards were deseribed. In the part related to one's own comments, history of Ca. P. mali presence, the apple production orchards area and the current situation of phytoplasma expansion in the Czech Republic together with the recommendation of prevention against further spread of the pathogen are presented.
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