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Jak velikost habitatu ovlivňuje společenstvo koprofilního hmyzu?
ZÍTEK, Tomáš
The effect of dung pat size on structure of dung inhabiting insect community was studied in Central Europe. Specifically all insect inhabiting the dung pat was targeted including both beetle and fly families. Abundance and species richness were positively correlated with increasing habitat volume. Density was negatively correlated with habitat size which represents low density refugee effect. Temporally co-occurring species which utilize the resource in similar way were separated by preferences for different habitat volumes.
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Innovation and business project
Pantlík, Tomáš ; Moulis, Pavel (advisor) ; Michal, Michal (referee)
The aim of the thesis under the title Innovation and a business project, is to develop a specific entrepreneurial project represented by a fitness centre and to evaluate it from the perspective of its feasibility and return upon investment. Firstly, the theoretical concept of entrepreneurship is analyzed. The next step includes the analysis of applicable legal framework governing entrepreneurship in the Czech Republic and the last step is represented by the definition of the structure of the business project. In the first part, business is described by its general characteristics. The next part is dedicated to environment analysis analyzing the internal and external factors influencing the business. Next step defines business opportunities which includes description of services that the business will provide. Then, human resources required for running the business have to be determined, as well as marketing strategy supplemented by a marketing mix. Based on this, a SWOT analysis is developed, identifying strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats having an impact on the business. The final part comprises financial plan which deals, inter alia, with project is economic rentability and conditions underpinning its feasibility.
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Study of Biological Material Attributes by using Image Analysis Methods
Jeřábková, Petra ; Mikula, Milan (referee) ; Zmeškal, Oldřich (advisor)
Within the dissertation thesis “Study of Biological Material Attributes by Using Image Analysis Methods”, attention is focused on monitoring of the application of image analysis methods, mostly a fractal analysis, in studying the properties of various yeast species. The thesis includes determining the number of yeast cells and vegetative propagation of yeast using fractal parameters – fractal measure D and fractal dimension K. Attention is also paid not only to the application of the existing image analysis methods, but also to their renovation. The obtained images were evaluated using the box counting method specified by implementation of wavelet transformation. To monitor yeast cells for a longer time, it was first necessary to prepare a suitable microscopic preparation. To distinguish live and dead cells, the following fluorescent dyes were used: acridine orange, fluorescein diacetate, FUN-1, and Calcofluor White M2R. The images of yeast cells were recorded using a still camera or a CCD camera and microscope. Clips of the same size were obtained from the acquired digital photographs and processed by the HarFA program developed at the Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology. On the results it is possible to see a change in the fractal dimension depending on time, i.e. on the change of a budding cell structure, or to determine the number and radius of yeast cells upon predefined conditions.
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Zhodnocení stavu a struktury rašeliništního společenstva na lokalitě Malá louka
Keller, Lukáš
The aim of this thesis is focused on a research of a peat bog Malá louka located in Oderské vrchy in military district Libavá. There is a natural succesion on this peat bog, lasting decades, that resulted in a tree storey of all age levels. The dominating tree species is a common birch (Betula pendula). Goal of this thesis was to capture current state and structure of tree storey and peat bog and describe it from dendrometric values.
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Vývoj a struktura přirozeného zmlazení v NPR Razula
Mikulenčák, Josef
The National Nature Reserve Razula is a heritage of a fir-beech forest primeval character with an admixture of European spruce and sycamore maple, typical for the area of the Western Carpathians. This bachelor thesis deals with the analysis of the structure and dynamics of natural regeneration. The analysis was conducted on circular investment area, regularly situated in a square net over the entire area of the reservation. Work focuses the presence of natural regeneration of silver fir because of long term decline of its representation in the forests. Although fir is the most naturally regenerative tree species in the reservation, the individual growth rarely reaches the height of 0.5 m. The main factor is the damage by wild animals. The damage reaches nearly 60 % of individual trees higher than 0.15 m. Today there is a strong representation of beech, which thanks to its amount of natural regeneration at these habitats and ability to compensate for grazing.
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CUG Codon in Pathogenic Yeasts of the Genus Candida
Marečková, Lucie ; Půta, František (referee) ; Heidingsfeld, Olga (advisor)
2. Abstract In many Candida species the standard leucine CUG codon is translated as a serine, although not in 100% cases. This dual specifity of the CUG codon has evolved through a mechanism that required codon ambiguity mediated by a unique tRNACAG, which is in vitro aminoacylated more often by serine than by leucine. This codon ambiguity has been tolerated for more than 170 million years. The explanation at least for now is that the CUG codon reassignment could have generated genetic diversity that facilitated occurrence of new phenotypes resistant to stress. Beside this, an important step was to reduce negative impact of the codon ambiguity by crucial mutations in the structure of the ser-tRNACAG. Candida species became a valuable experimental model for elucidation of the genetic code changes. While consequences of the CUG codon reassignment have been extensively studied in Candida albicans, this topic has not yet been addressed in Candida parapsilosis. Solving the structure of C. parapsilosis secreted proteinase Sapp1p provided a tool to carry out a "case study" of possible effects of the CUG codon ambiguity. The SAPP1 gene contains one CUG codon, and the respective serine is located on the loop in the close proximity of the active site of the proteinase.
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Birds in the phraseological similes. Contribution to the study of the linguistic picture of the world in Czech
Šťastná, Lucie ; Vaňková, Irena (advisor) ; Andrlová Fidlerová, Alena (referee)
This bachelor's thesis is a contribution to the study of the linguistic picture of the world in Czech. The first chapter of the thesis describes the formal semantic structure of the phraseological simile and further discusses the simile's position within the linguistic picture of the world. Moreover, the chapter defines the thematic group of zoonyms (names of animals) in relation to similes. The second chapter presents the linguistic picture of the prototype of a bird, and the next one focuses on specific bird species. The thesis not only reconstructs particular linguistic pictures, but also, most importantly, links them with phraseology - primarily with lexicalized similes. These set phrases relate to the bird itself (its body, behaviour and character) as well as to various significant aspects of its life (e.g. its nest or eggs).
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Applications of experimental mineralogy to Te containing systems: Crystal structures, phase relations
Laufek, František ; Rieder, Milan (advisor) ; Palatinus, Lukáš (referee) ; Johan, Zdeněk (referee)
This dissertation contributes to the crystal chemistry of Te. The primary goals of the thesis are synthesis and crystal structure analysis of new Te-bearing ternary phases. The first part of the thesis shows significance of experimental mineralogy in research of Te containing systems. It briefly describes a novel approach to the study of new mineral species - the possibility of using synthetic analogues for their detailed mineralogical characterization. The results of the experimental mineralogical study in the Ni-Sb-Te ternary system at 400řC are reported in the second part. According to the performed experiments, two solid solutions λ1- Ni(Sb1-xTex)1+y (0<x<1, where 109.09.0 ≤≤⇒≥≈∀ yx ) and λ2 - NiSb1-xTe2x (0.28<x<0.66) dominate the system at 400řC. A characteristic feature of most phases present in the Ni-Sb-Te system at 400řC is apparent tendency to the Sb - Te substitution. The third part deals with the characterisation of the new mineral pašavaite Pd3Pb2Te2, which was found at the Noril'sk-Talnakh Ni-Cu camp, Russia. The synthetic Pd3Pb2Te2 phase was used for thorough mineralogical characterization of this new mineral species. Pašavaite displays orthorhombic symmetry, space group Pmmn. The structural identity between natural grains and synthetic Pd3Pb2Te was supported by the EBSD study. The...
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Development of Grey Partridge (Perdix perdix) microsatellite markers
Vaněčková, Dominika ; Munclinger, Pavel (advisor) ; Burri, Marta (referee)
The aim of this work was the construction of set of microsatellites for the Grey Partridge (Perdix perdix). I succeeded in isolation of seven new specific microsatellites. Another microsatellite markers were passed from close relative galliform species (Galliformes). On the whole I gained 18 microsatellite loci which were used for study of population charakteristics of three partridge populations from Stodůlky, Písecko and Milešín. The analysis showed conspicuous structuredness of these populations and surprisingly low values (less then 100) of their effective population sizes. Seven of the microsatellites were chosen for analysis of paternity. Indeed I found the evidence of extrapair paternity in this putatively monogamous bird. Finally I conclude, on the basis of sequenation of mitochondrial control region that our populations belong to the western linage of mitochondrial DNA.
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Anthracology and NMR spectroscopy in Palaeoecological Research of Chernozems
Danková, Lenka ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor) ; Chuman, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis deals with black carbon, its characteristic features and with its occurrence in chernozemic soils. In particular, this thesis deals with methods, which can study presence of black carbon in soils. The presence of black carbon and the whole composition of soil organic matter of three chernozemic soils in Czechia (Zeměchy, Tursko, Syrovice) is examined by 13 C NMR spectroscopy. Anthracological analysis of charcoal from fossil chernozems of Zemechy loess ravine deals with pedogenesis of chernozems and development of Quaternary vegetation in Central Europe. Coniferous tree species of Pinus sp., Pinus cf. cembra, Larix/Picea, Juniperus a Vaccicium, i.e. cold- and drought-tolerant taxa, were identified by anthracological analysis of soils of Zemechy loess ravine. The identified species suggest that the landscape around Zemechy was probably formed by parkland taiga. According to 13 C NMR spectroscopy, soil organic matter of fossil chernozem of Zemechy loess ravine consists particularly of alkyl and O-alkyl carbon. Aromatic carbon is also significant. O-alkyl carbon is the most important in the recent chernozems of Tursko and Syrovice. Aromatic carbon has the smallest proportion in both chernozems. The presence of aromatic carbon in chernozem of Tursko is the smallest of all analyzed soils. The...
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