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Growth and mortality of natural regeneration after dieback of tree layer of mountain spruce forest
Červený, Jan ; Bače, Radek (advisor) ; Synek, Michal (referee)
The aim of this study is to assess the state of the natural generalization after the death of the upper tree layer in the mountain spruce forest, based on data acquired on permanent research area (50x50 m) where the collection of the data is in progress since 2006 in the area Trojmezná. These areas were damaged by hurricane Kyrill and afterwards bark beetle calamity in 2008. In these areas were defined squares of size 5x5m and they were divided into cells 0,5x0,5m and these shelf is recorded every individual, the increment, health and microhabitat. By the analysis which was carried out, was found, that woody representation is not different from the representation of upper tree layer, the number of spruce is 97% and 3% of the crane. Most individuals were caught before the disturbances, the youngest individuals germinated in 2006. Higher individuals achieve higher gains than smaller individuals, it means that the heterogeneity of the height structure is increasing. Based on analysis of mortality individual squares (50x50m) was found that after the disturbance on TVP new places without trees were not formed. The dependence of mortality on frequency of individuals in the cells (0,5x 0,5m) has not been demonstrated. That means that mortality of individuals at intraspecific competition is yet significantly independent, although abundance exceeded 17 individuals per cell. Eight years after disturbance is mortality very low. The highest regeneration grows up to 20 cm per year.
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Methods used to determination of quantity of house sparrow (Passer domesticus) and similar synanthropic birds
Semrádek, Jan ; Šmejdová, Lucie (advisor) ; Hodačová, Lenka (referee)
Population of many synanthropic species of birds is decreasing in a lot of European countries including the Czech Republic. This decrease is apparent especially in urban areas. Cause of this decrease has not been entirely specified. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate possible factors affecting bird population. One of the influencing factors could be the size of observed territory. During nesting season of 2014, research monitoring 11 bird species was carried out in 10 villages of Kladno county. The species of birds are House Sparrow (Passer domesticus), Eurasian Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus), Eurasian Collared Dove (Streptopelia decaocto), European Greenfinch (Carduelis chloris), European Serin (Serinus serinus), Black Redstart (Phoenicurus ochruros), European Goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis), Common Linnet (Carduelis cannabina), White Wagtail (Motacilla alba), Common Chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs) and Common Starling (Sturnus vulgaris). Birds were counted on several counting plots in different types of habitat. Aim was to inspect effect of habitat on abundance of bird species. The results show, that type of habitat had effect on most of the bird species. This outcome corresponds with some of the former studies.
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Study of diversity of weed communities on the selected farm in Central Elbe Region
Procházková, Petra ; Kolářová, Michaela (advisor) ; Václav, Václav (referee)
The diploma thesis examines the species diversity of weed communities in selected farm in the middle Elbe. Evaluation of the site is ranked in the sugar beet growing region. Specifically, it was evaluated weed plots Agromaso Ltd. in the immediate vicinity of the town Brandys nad Labem-Stara Boleslav at an altitude of 169 m n. m. Rated the weed in conventional crop farming in winter wheat and oilseed rape.
Data collection was conducted in early March this year, before the spring herbicide treatment. Application of herbicides in cultures were performed in the fall. On each plot were evaluated with 5 random plots with an area of 1 m2 per headlands and 5 plots of the same area in the center stands.
The values obtained were sorted into tables and graphs. Multivariate analyzes were investigated differences in species composition in the center stand and on headlands. Furthermore, differences in species composition of weed communities of cereals and oilseeds. These analyzes confirmed the following hypothesis:
Hypothesis 1: weed species diversity at the edges and inside the land varies.
This hypothesis was confirmed by multivariate analyzes. Diversity on the edges of the land was higher than in the centers stands. On the edges of the land occurred more weeds than in centers of growth. The center crop of winter wheat were the only two species of weeds, while the edge 8 kinds of weeds. On land with oilseed rape situation was similar, margins land accounted for nine weed species and hunting center, only 7 weeds. This fact is confirmed by the Shannon - Wiener index of diversity.
Hypothesis 2: There are differences in species composition of weed communities of cereals and oilseeds (due to diversion from the original methodology was modified hypothesis).
The research confirmed the hypothesis 2, multivariate analysis demonstrated that the species composition of grain and oilseeds differ. Effect of composition on the crop species spectrum was found to be statistically significant. Types Elytrigia repens, Apera spica venti, Stellaria media were found only in the growth of winter wheat. The crop of winter oilseed rape occurred entirely different kinds of weeds, for example. Sinapis arvensis, Galium aparine, Euphorbia helioscopia, Erodium cicutarium.
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Functional diversity of staphylinid beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in maize fields: testing the possible effect of genetically modified, insect resistant maize
SVOBODOVÁ, Zdeňka
Staphylinid beetles are recommended bioindicators for the pre-market environmental risk assessment of genetically modified (GM) insect protected maize expressing the Cry3Bb1 toxin. Bionomics, food specialization, temperature requirements and size group were assigned for 25 most common staphylinid species. These traits determine the occurrence of staphylinid beetles in the field, the food sources they could utilize and thus also their likely contact with the Cry3Bb1 toxin. The opportunity for exposure to Cry toxin from plant residues ploughed into the soil was shown by the presence of saprophagous dipteran larvae that are common prey of predatory staphylinid species and hosts of the parasitoid species. Statistical analysis of activity abundance, Rao indices and multivariate analysis of distribution of particular categories of functional traits in the field showed negligible effects of the experimental treatments, including the GM maize, upon the staphylinid community.
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Vliv pastvy skotu na výskyt a prostorovou aktivitu srnčí zvěře
Horák, Vojtěch
The topic of this thesis deals with the influence of grazing cattle on the incidence and spatial activity of roe deer game. For the purposes of this work were selected territory in southern Bohemia in the three associations the hunting grounds. The field investigation was conducted by the method of direct counting of the advantageous positions in the pasture and correlation surfaces from the beginning of the grazing and at regular intervals during it until its end. The result of the work is the assessment of the various factors operating on the roe deer in these locations and a proposal of measures that could mitigate the effects of the negative impact of grazing cattle on the hunting management of roe deer to the game.
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House sparrow and tree sparrow in the rural settlements of Tabor region - density, distribution a their correlates
NEŠPOR, Marek
The theoretical part of my thesis was to characterize the house sparrow as a most abundant synanthropic bird species. I mentioned decline in abundance around the area and a decline in numbers in the Czech Republic and all available information on the causes of the decline. My goal in the practical field part was to determine the abundance and distribution of house and tree sparrow in the selected villages, to determine whether the abundance and distribution influence the characteristics of villages and individual buildings. The project was conducted in cooperation with the Faculty of Science of South Bohemia in Czech Budweis, ISBE AS CR, v.v.i and CSO.
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Effect of the revitalization adjustments of small stream on fish society
ANTONÍN, Petr
The objective of my work was to consider the effect of the Mlýnský potok revitalization on its fish society. My work is based on the ichtyological researches made before and after the revitalization. The brook is situated at the Šumava mountain between the Lipno reservoir and the border with Austria. The revitalisation had a positive effect on biodiversity, abundance and fish biomass. At the same time are here described individual requirements for successful revitalization water stream and in particular fisches, to the these streams. In my work compare achieved results of postponements fishes of the three tracked brooks Horský, Bukový and Mlýnský
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