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Microorganisms with lipoplytic activity and their applications
Pavlačková, Jana ; Omelka, Ladislav (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
Lipases are hydrolytic enzymes that are produced by many types of microorganisms. This thesis describes not only the microorganisms which produce lipases but also different possibilities for the industrial utilization of lipases. Lipases are widely used in reactions where the combination of a lipophilic substrate with a hydrophilic one is necessary – in the synthesis of ascorbic acid fatty esters, sugar esters, lipoaminoacids and in the lipophilization of phenolic derivatives. Lipases are also important in relation to environmental protection. For example, they are used for the purification of waste water. In this thesis, five different preparations containing microorganisms with lipolytic activity were tested for lipolytic activity. There are many ways of determining lipolytic activity. The spectrophotometric determination of lipolytic activity that uses the ability of lipases to divide p-nitrophenyllaurate to p-nitrophenol may serve as an example. After this p-nitophenol is detected spectrophotometricaly.
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Technologie a technika pro setí zrnin
Paveska, Martin
This document describes the technology and techniques of sowing grain. It deals with new technologies in agriculture and their pros and cons. In publication there is described many soil conservation methods for establishing of the plant growth and their technology, such as strip till sowing, sowing into twin rows, mulch, vegetation establishment into ridges and sowing in untreated soil. These technologies provide fuel savings, since the soil is not treated so intensively as for the establishment of vegetation in a conventional manner. The advantage of the new technologies is that it saves soil moisture, thereby supporting faster plant growth and providing more room for crops. Aditional importnat function is to protect against ineligible weeds and plant diseases. Crop stand establishment by soil conservation methods is friendly also for the soil, because due to the way of the establishmen no wind and water erosion may occur. New technologies are the future of agriculture.
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Evaluation of erosion control measures described in GAEC II by using hydrological modeling
HRDINA, Filip
Erosion is an issue, which causes huge damages not only on agricultural land. This diploma thesis describes practical evaluation of erosion control measures (usage of leaving crop residue, circuit strips, contour tillage), which are include in Good Agriculture and Environmental Condition standart, which was issued by European union. Efficiency of usage of narrow-row and wide-row crops is also modeled. Each measures were evaluated in two different modeling programmes HydroCad for calibration and ERCN for results comparison. Seven different scripts are used in the thesis. Subcatchment area P6 in catchment area of Kopaninský creek is used as model area. Literature review describes the precipitation and runoff process, issue of erosion, and agriculture land protection against water erosion. Is also describes GAEC standards (today DZES).
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The archive of the Otava river floods and design of analog-based forecasting method
Vlasák, Tomáš ; Hladný, Josef (advisor) ; Soukalová, Eva (referee) ; Kříž, Vladislav (referee)
(EN): Study of historical flood events is important as a base for hydrological studies, as well as for proposal offlood control measures and real-time flood forecasting helping forecasters to support their decisions. This work deals with proposal of Flood Archive (databa of flood event) and its app|ication in the scope offlood protection ofotava river basin to Písek water gauge. The objective was to pťopose Archive of historical floods containing information about casual synoptical situation, connected weather phenomena (precipitation, temperature) and runoff response. Flood formation mechanism in otava river basin was described using this Archive. A forecasting technique based on analogue method was designed. This technique searches historical records for flood events of similar causes and estimates possible development of runoff response. Archive consists of 72 flood events that occurred between I 890 and 2006 and their peak flow in all cases exceeded given threshold discharge in Písek closin. profile (lO-year return period for 1890-196,l and ,l -year return period for 1961-2006). Available historical data was gathered and processed inÍ.lgraphic form (maps, graphs' tables). F|ood Archive is part of the di ssertation thesis. The most outstanding features of flood formation mechanism in otava river...
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Preparation and testing of silver immobilized nanoparticles for SERS spectroscopy of biomolecules
Molnár, Peter
Main goal of this work was to develop methodology of immobilization of silver nanoparticles to silanized glass plates and employment of these substrates in biomolecular study using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The suitable substrates for SERS spectroscopy, borohydride-reduced colloidal nanoparticles immobilized by mercapto- or aminosilane, have been found. Good SERS spectra of positively charged TMPyP porphyrin as well as of water insoluble TPP porphyrin (without interference of the solvent) have been obtained. Our results clearly show, that our substrates provide unique possibility how to measure SERS spectra of the porphyrins in his native free-base form (what is impossible directly from the colloid). Further experiments confirm that the porphyrins are protected against metalation due to the presence of the silane employed for the silver particles immobilization.
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A proposal of flood geodatabase and its applications for flood control
Vlasák, Tomáš
(EN): Study of historical flood events is important as a base for hydrological studies, as well as for proposal of flood control measures and real-time flood forecasting helping forecasters to support their decisions. This work deals with proposal of Flood Archive (databa of flood event) and its application in the scope of flood protection of Otava river basin to Písek water gauge. The objective was to propose Archive of historical floods containing information about casual synoptical situation, connected weather phenomena (precipitation, temperature) and runoff response. Flood formation mechanism in Otava river basin was described using this Archive. A forecasting technique based on analogue method was designed. This technique searches historical records for flood events of similar causes and estimates possible development of runoff response. Archive consists of 72 flood events that occurred between 1890 and 2006 and their peak flow in all cases exceeded given threshold discharge in Písek closing profile (10-year return period for 1890-1961 and 1-year return period for 1961- 2006). Available historical data was gathered and processed into graphic form (maps, graphs, tables). Flood Archive is part of the dissertation thesis. The most outstanding features of flood formation mechanism in Otava river...
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The influence of the seed treatment on the milk thistle achene yield
HRDLIČKOVÁ, Helena
Milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) is an ancient medicinal plant valued for its content of silymarin complex. These substances are albe to protect liver cells from damage by toxic substances. The aim was to assess the potential effect of milk thistle seed treatment (thermal water, Vitavax and Polyversum) on plant health and thus the seed yield of the crop by the form of small-area experiment. I have focused on plant height, number of plants per a square meter, number of inflorescencae per plant, number of achenes in inflorescencae, TGW, weight biomass yield and germination of produced achenes. During growth there was observed the incidence of diseases and pests. The results show a positive effect on the development and yield of achenes.
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Analytical evaluation of novel drug candidates from the group of iron chelators using HPLC I.
Schöngut, Michal ; Kovaříková, Petra (advisor) ; Kučera, Radim (referee)
Nowadays, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) belongs among the most modern and most frequently used analytical separation techniques. Biocompatible iron chelators are mainly used for the treatment of iron overload. Nevertheless, in the light of new information about physiological and patophysiological role of iron in organism, their potential use was widened into other diseases. Iron chelators were proved to have antioxidative, cardioprotective and cytostatic effects. Salicylaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone is a biocompatible iron chelator, which also shows these activities. However, its short half life in plasma makes its use difficult. Nowadays, novel derivates of SIH were prepared to improve its stability in plasma. 2'-hydroxypropiophenone isonicotinoyl hydrazone (HPP-INH) is one of newly prepared SIH derivates. The aim of this study was to develop optimal chromatographic conditions for HPLC analysis of HPP-INH and to develop sample pretreatment method using precipitation for its analysis in plasma. The analysis was carried out on a Merck 250x4 mm column I.D. LiChrospher® 100, RP-18e (5 μm) protected with Purospher® 100, RP-18e (5 μm) guard column. The following mobile phase gradient condition was developed for HPP-INH purity evaluation: phosphate buffer (0,01 mol/l NaH2PO4 · 2 H20 water...
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Alimentary intake of fluoride in preschool children in dental caries prevention
Oganessian, Edgar ; Broukal, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Štípek, Stanislav (referee) ; Veverka, Jan (referee)
The primary prevention of dental caries includes the regular reduction of dental plaque, the adequate nutrition with reduced frequency of sugar intake and the application of topical and/or alimentary fluorides. The caries-protective effect of fluorides is based on the stabilization of demineralization/remineralization processes in the surface of teeth. The alimentary fluoride intake involves its nutritional sources, fluoride supplements when administered and unintentionally swallowed fluoride toothpastes. The fluoride intake, besides its verifiable and significant contribution to the control of cariogenic conditions in the oral cavity, brings some risk in the period of permanent teeth development. That is why the fluoride intake in childhood ought to be well set up and controlled for achieving the maximum benefit in caries reduction and for minimizing the risk for the enamel development. The assessment on fluoride content in its most significant nutritional sources and the model estimates of fluoride intake in preschool children have been conducted with the aim at contributing the solution of the benefit/risk strategy of fluoride caries prevention. The fluoride content was estimated in bottled waters for preschool children, in instant milk formulas, in herbal teas for children and in instant products of...
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