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A historical view of the army nurse profession.
PAVLÍKOVÁ, Andrea
The thesis deals with the profession of a military nurse. We can assert that the official study of military, non-medical health-care related qualifications and its use in practice not only for military purposes dates back to the fifties of the last century. However, women as health care professionals, consequently in uniforms, have always been an actual issue. The development of health care activities always existed, however, we must not neglect influence of scientific and medical findings. The historical timeline of development of medical care in the battle field was recorded and ranges from pre-historical healing. The way of Christian medicine was negatively influenced by the Catholic Church. The dark period of the Middle Ages had actually wrested medical performance from the hands of specialists and the suffering were left to the "tender" mercies of the priests. The following part of the thesis concerns modern medicine where enlightenment reforms were exercised. Some of the original six-month courses for military surgeons were organised in this period of time; they weretransformed into Military Surgical Academy, out of which the famous Josefinum originated. A expression of humanity which supported a form of health care of war veterans was demonstrated by constructing buildings for invalid people. The second half of the nineteenth century is characterized by the phenomenon of the presence of nuns in military hospitals. This study goes further in depth of professionally organized healthcare right in the battle field, which dates back from the era of wars in the Crimea.This stage describes the transformation of caring into nursing which requires the necessity of specialized preparation of persons providing nursing practice. In addition, Henry Dunant engraved himself into the history of the profession of a nurse, as the founder of the Red Cross, who first trained health care professionals for working within armed intentions of the state. The continuation of this action sketches out the process of providing first aid in principal armed conflicts of the twentieth century. It describes the functioning of commander operated military health service of that time. WWI drove Czech medical staff to both sides of the front where they provided medical help to the injured. Nurses of the WWII already performed their duties in uniforms as the rightful members of the army. The thesis also mentions post-war usage of military health care professionals in secret foreign missions and their specialized erudition.Last but not least, it marginally discusses contemporary possibilities of modern health care service of the Army of the Czech Republic. The goal of the endeavours of writing this thesis was to chart out clearly the development of the profession of a military nurse within the historical context, focusing mainly on women coming from Czech regions. In order to make the history background concerning specific female participants of the world war conflicts understandable to the reader, this paper reports, in broader extension, peculiar medical and nursing findings, already from the era of prehistoric civilisations. The history study method were applied for the purpose of the theoretical thesis. The methodology is based on searching, studying, sorting and the consecutive systematic objective describing of the events from the past times with the intention to propose comprehensive report on the subject given. It was necessary to study inexhaustible amount of sources to obtain awareness of historical connections. Factual information was derived by analysing of primary and mainly secondary documents. The thesis sketches out histories of military health care and the profession of a military health care professional stemmed from the exploration of appropriate written sources and conclusion of the basic findings. The intentions of the work are not only to clarify the past but also to contribute to solutions of every-day issues.
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Coping strategies in children´s fear and pain in relation to nursing care
PROCHÁZKOVÁ, Zuzana
For the nurse, taking care of hospitalized children is important not only pediatric nursing knowledge, personal and social preconditions, but also the theoretical and practical competency of methods and techniques, which are used for identification and effective influencing of pain and fear. The aim of this thesis was to identify the main sources of fear of the hospitalized preschool and young school age children and to find out the effective methods and principles of the cooperation with children, alternatively with their accompanying parents in order to moderate the fear of the small patient. Then the thesis tried to chart the nursing diagnostic and evaluation procedure of the pain and get the most used nursing methods of non-pharmacological pain relief. To obtain the necessary data, the qualitative research was used with a semi-structured interview as a research instrument. The first research group consisted of 12 nurses, the second group consisted of 12 children ´s patients of preschool and young school age. The majority of the asked nurses thinks, that children´s patients are afraid especially of non-familiar environment, then of the awaited pain and of the solitude without parents. However, the most patients said, that they were afraid especially of pain, then of non-familiar environment, restriction of their needs, hostile attitude of the medical staff and of the other neighbouring patients. They were also frightened of the death and of the darkness. Most reported nurses mean, that the most effective solution of the children ´s fear is the friendly attitude of the medics. They also mentioned the fact of taking the focus off the fear and the presence of the parents is also beneficial. The nurses ´ answers were in conformity with patients opinion in two fields - friendly attitude of the medics and taking the focus off the fear. Then the children mentioned abiding of their specifics in connection to falling asleep and the demand of beying treated by the same sister or by few same sisters. All respondents also talked about the benefit of parents presence. Regarding the principles of the cooperation, nurses answered the importance of united medical procedures, especially the proper way of information transfer. Then the respondents nurses mentioned the psychical and emotional support for children and their accompaniments, the atmosphere of confidence and the value of well done education. Also the need of calm, silence and privacy was stated. Unlike nurses, children and their parents regarding to principles of the cooperation prefer the psychical and emotional support, then the importance of enough information was mentioned. The fourth research question bears on the methods used for children pain monitoring. The nurses said, that the intentional interview with the patients or with the parents was used as a main technique, that was stated by patients as well. Research question number five said: What are the most used nursing methods of non-pharmacological pain relief at children? Most responded nurses mentioned the distraction of children attention from the painful incentive, then the importance of physical methods, relief position and purposeful preparation for the unpleasant intervention. Nurses also named the helpful contribution of the parents, relaxing exercises and the method of imagination. Regarding the pain treatment, it was noted, that all patients prefered the analgesic therapy. Then they quoted the distraction of their attention from the painful incentive, the friendly attitude of the medics, using the ice compress and the relief position. In the pain acute phase, children required mostly calm, comfort and privacy. All children also considered the presence of parents as very helpful. The theoretical and empirical part of the thesis are suitable for being studied by nurses taking care of children and it can be helpful for nursing quality improvement at children ´s wards in hospitals.
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Nursing care management of patients after intrapleural chemical pleurodesis
KIESEWETTEROVÁ, Renáta
The pleurodesis is a treatment method for patients suffered from the symptomatic malignant pleural effusion. The goal of the pleurodesis is to close a pleural area by connection of visceral and parietal pleura in order to reduce or terminate production of pleural effusion. The sterile talc powder is the world's most used agens within a practice. After a parental analgesic is the powder (as a sllury) either applicated into a pleural cavity through the chest drainage or surgically dispersed over the treated (via abrasion, decortication) pleural space during the thoracoscopy/thoracotomy. This diploma thesis focuses on the treatment technique of bedside talc-pleurodesis through the chest drainage. The nurse has an irreplaceable role in the whole process from a preparation of patient to assistance by intrapreural application, to care of patient after the operation or serves as a physical support during potential complications. The aim of the presented work is to detect priorities in nursing care and find out whether patients need increased care after intrapleural therapy. The qualitative research method was chosen for the analysis where semi-structural interview with open questions were used. We created case reports analysed with the adaptive model of Callista Roy as well. The research sample contained patients chosen with respect to specialization of researched problem. We set two basic focal stimuli according to the analysis of respondents´ reactions. These stimuli serve as a basis for determination of priority parts of the nursing care by patients after bedside pleurodesis. We defined the need to be without pain and the need to ensure safety and certainty as a central focus of the nursing care. Among secondary fields of nursing care were identified sleep disturbances and limited mobility, which leads to reduction of self-care in getting dress, hygiene as well as in defection and miction. We found out within the second goal identical intensity of the nursing care before and after bedside talc-pleurodesis. This statement is based on comparison of interventions before and after aplication analysed via adaptive model by Roy. Nevertheless, causes of interventions were modified to a certain extent. The main goal of diploma thesis was to map requirements for high-quality nursing care related to bedside talc-pleurodesis via chest drainage. The work should extend theoretical basis not only for nurses in clinical practice.
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Stress situations and nursing personnel
MAREŠOVÁ, Lucie
This thesis deals with the stressful situations in the profession of the nursing staff. The occupation of the nurse belongs to the most demanding ones. In this occupation, the nurse is permanently affected by many stressors of different types. She faces death, the suffering, dying and incurably ill people very often. She is there in times of pain, agony and suffering. Personal encounters with these difficult situations require highly professional approach but most of all, they present immense work stress for the nurse. The theory section describes mainly the stressful situations that are the most common and most difficult in the work of the nursing staff. The next part of the theory section describes possible consequences of the stressful situations and methods of managing them including the support by the management. This thesis has two objectives. The first objective was to map the manners used by the nursing personnel to cope with the stressful situations brought by their profession. The second objective was to find out the difference in the coping with the stressful situations between the hospital staff and hospice staff. The research section of this thesis contains the quantitative research done using the technique of an anonymous questionnaire with 20 question prepared by ourselves. The questionnaire was distributed to the nursing staff of all categories in the hospital and hospice care. It was completed by 269 respondents in total. The data was statistically processed using systems Microsoft Excel 2010 and Software R, version 3.0.2 (Chi-squared test, Fisher´s exact test, and Wilcoxon test). We determined four hypotheses. H1: Manners of coping with the stressful situations depend on the qualification of the nursing staff reached; not confirmed. H2: Manners of coping with the stressful situations are influenced by the length of practice of the staff; not confirmed. H3: Manners of coping with the stressful situations differ between the hospital staff and hospice staff; confirmed. H4: The nursing staff views their own mental hygiene as more efficient than the support from the management concerning the coping with the stressful situations; confirmed. The research results show that the nursing staff faces the stressful situations very often. They see as the heaviest stress the care of the suffering and aggressive patient, conflicts with the patient´s family, conflicts at work and workload. The manners of coping with the work burden which proved as the best for them are relax, rest and sleep. There were no differences proved in the manners of coping with the stress among respective members of the nursing team. Nevertheless, the coping with the work burden of the nursing staff in the hospital and hospice care is different. A minimum of the respondents notices any support during the stressful situations from the employer. On the other hand, certain support by the management could be viewed in the form of trainings, supervision or contribution to a "recovery" which are granted to the respondents from the employer according to their answers. However, the respondents would prefer, as the support by the management, the increase in pay or more days off. The respondents view as insufficient the preparation of the graduates for the future stressful situations in their profession, as well. They would recommend mainly various trainings dealing with the stress and its management. A good solution to alleviate the work burden of the nursing staff and quality enhancement of the services provided could be investments into better work conditions, both in terms of sufficient human and material resources and the very organization of the work processes.
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Iniciace pohybu byčíku, signalizace a regulace pohyblivosti spermií ryb: fyzikální a biochemické řízení
PROKOPCHUK, Galina
The current study attempted to shed light on the regulatory processes and response arrangements of fish spermatozoa during the course of maturation and motility initiation. The first intent of this study was to improve the understanding of the mechanism underlying the acquisition of potential for sperm motility in sturgeon. Up to present work, the physiological process underlying sperm maturation in this species has not been described at all. Our results showed that sperm maturation in sturgeon occurs outside the testes because of dilution of sperm by urine and involves the participation of high molecular weight substances as well as calcium ions present in seminal fluid and/or urine. The second aim of the present study was to investigate the coping mechanisms in fish spermatozoa with osmotic and ionic activating mode, as well as in spermatozoa of euryhaline fishes, to various environmental conditions. We showed that alteration of environmental osmolality might affect the fish sperm in different ways, depending on fish species and modes of spermatozoa motility activation either osmotic or ionic mode. In response to osmotic stress caused by hypotonicity, carp spermatozoa regulated the flow of water across their cell membrane and increased their cytoplasmic volume during their short motility period. In contrast, no indications of sperm volume changes were observed neither in sterlet nor in brook trout spermatozoa, both of which having an ionic mode of motility activation. We also examined the mechanism by which sperm motility triggering in euryhaline fishes can adapt to a broad range of environmental salinity. Our results demonstrated that spermatozoa of euryhaline tilapia, Sarotherodon melanotheron heudelotii, reared in fresh-, sea- or hypersaline water can be activated in hypotonic, isotonic or hypertonic conditions of swimming milieu, provided Ca2+ ions are present at various levels. It was established that the higher the fish rearing salinity or the more hypertonic ambient media at spermatozoa activation, the higher extracellular concentration of Ca2+ ions is required. The results obtained in the present study allow suggesting that osmolality is not the main factor inhibiting sperm motility inside the testis in the S. melanotheron heudelotii. A third aim of this study was investigation of the regulation of motility initiation process and description of flagellar beating initiation in chondrostean spermatozoa. We detected that K+ inhibition of sperm motility in sturgeon can be by-passed due to the pre-exposure of sperm cells to a high osmolality shock prior to its transfer to K+-rich swimming media. Thus, we hypothesized that sturgeon spermatozoa may be activated by use of an unexpected signaling pathway, independent from regular ionic stimulation. The successive activation steps in sturgeon spermatozoa were investigated by high-speed video microscopy, using specific experimental situation, where sperm motility initiation was delayed in time up to several seconds. At motility initiation, the first couple of bends formed at the basal region begins to propagate towards the flagellar tip, but gradually fades when reaching the mid-flagellum. This behavior repeats several times until a stage where the amplitudes of bends gradually reach similar value, what eventually leads to sperm progressive displacement. The total period needed for the flagellum to switch from immobility with rigid shape to full activity with regular propagating bends ranges from 0.4 to 1.2 seconds. In conclusion, the results of the current study bring valuable pieces of information into the general understanding of the processes of maturation of fish spermatozoa, their adaptability to different physical and biochemical circumstances, the extra- and intra-cellular signaling as well as the regulatory mechanisms of motility activation in fish spermatozoa.
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Economics of Snails Breeding
Šesták, Marek ; Maier, Tomáš (advisor)
Thesis on "Economics of Snails Breeding" deals with the establishment and further development of family farm. The theoretical part is focused on getting an overview about the possibilities of farming in our conditions, requirements for nutrition and sales. The practical part is focused on a selected farm, the financial analysis and the conclusion will be proposed measures to improve its economic performance.
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The introduction of quality management system according to ISO 9001
Kunzová, Kateřina ; Štůsek, Jaromír (advisor)
The thesis describes the design process and the documents required to meet the standards associated with the effective implementation of a quality management system according to DIN EN ISO 9001 in organization Zinková slévárna - Ing. Karel Dítě.
In the theoretical part of the work I explain the basic concepts and issues relating to the use of literature associated with the ISO 9001 Quality Management System. This section also describes the general process for implementing the standards within an organization. Following on from this, I have used the knowledge gained from the theoretical section within the practical part of the thesis.
The practical part of my work includes a description of the selected organization from several perspectives - it is a focus, organizational structure, customer and supplier portfolio. This section also analyses the current state of the organization and includes a proposal to meet the ISO standards. The final section contains the documents necessary for the implementation of ISO 9001 within the organization, so that the quality management system corresponds to the prescribed standards.
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Provision of Equine Assisted Activities and Therapies and the biggest organizations in Czech Republic and Slovak Republic
Jindříšková, Jana ; Doležalová, Jana (advisor)
The main goal of this bachelor thesis is to define conditions for providing the ill with Equine Assisted Activities and Therapies. In this way the readers can learn a definition of Equine Assisted Activities and Therapies, what education and experience therapists who want to implement this practice should have and what requirements should a horse meet to be used in the therapy. In the next part I do research on coverage of Equine Assisted Activities and Therapies expenses by insurance companies not only in Czech, but also in Slovak Republic. The research also includes answers to the questions, what criteria should a patient meet to get hippotherapy care covered and what attitude to such care the insurance companies have. Besides problems in relations insurance company, patient and centre of Equine Assisted Activities and Therapies, in my thesis I describe the biggest centers of Equine Assisted Activities and Therapies in Czech Republic and Slovak Republic.
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Evaluation of genotypic response of winter wheat production interventions
Bláha, Tomáš ; Faměra, Oldřich (advisor) ; Pavel, Pavel (referee)
Sources used in this thesis concerns the cultivation, the development and the growth of wheat and its recommendation for agro-ecological conditions such as requirements for the crop, influence of the agricultural technologies to underground parts, fertilization of wheat, the optimum sowing date and sowing depth. In the next part of literature search there is an information about response of winter wheat for chemical protection including treatment morforegulator of growth. The end of literature search deals with the composition of wheat grain and its potential influence to quality.
The methodological part is devoted to independent description of characteristics of the varieties which are included in experiment. Data for evaluation are based on literature published by ÚKZÚZ. This part summarizes the equipment used for conducting an experiment. Equipment consists machinery and laboratory equipment.
The experiment was located at two places - in Úhřetice near to Chrudim and in Krukanice near to Plzeň. Both places are valuated in the essay - description of altitude, soil type etc.
Evaluated results of experiments are at the end. The conclusion of my thesis is that more comfortable climate for growing wheat is in Úhřetice - the average yield is for almost 20 % higher than in Krukanice. Other conclusion is about late sowing date which reduces yield and about increasing number of antifungal treatment increases the yield. Each of the varieties are valuated in the next part and the best treatment options for them are recommended. One fungicide treatment is proposed resistance to disease (Bohemia, Seladon), dual fungicide treatment is recommended for the rest of varieties. Field evaluation of disease shows that intensity of the treatment must respond to the current situation (according to the year).
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The introduction of quality management system according to ISO 9001
Kunzová, Kateřina ; Štůsek, Jaromír (advisor)
The thesis describes the design process and the documents required to meet the standards associated with the effective implementation of a quality management system according to DIN EN ISO 9001 in organization Zinková slévárna - Ing. Karel Dítě.
The theoretical part of the work focuses on the history, where I explain the basic concepts and issues relating to the use of literature associated with the ISO 9001 Quality Management System. This section also describes the general process for implementing the standards within an organization. Following on from this, I have used the knowledge gained from the theoretical section within the practical part of the thesis.
The practical part of my work includes a description of the selected organization from several perspectives - it is a focus, organizational structure, customer and supplier portfolio. This section also analyses the current state of the organization and includes a proposal to meet the ISO standards. The final section contains the documents necessary for the implementation of ISO 9001 within the organization, so that the quality management system corresponds to the prescribed standards.
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