|
| |
|
|
Adipose tissue metabolism and genetically modified murine models
Irodenko, Ilariia ; Bardová, Kristina (advisor) ; Železná, Blanka (referee)
Adipose tissue plays an important role in energy and glucose homeostasis. Adipose tissue metabolism includes lipolysis and lipogenesis processes which control lipid mobilization, storage and distribution in the body. In addition to that adipose tissue is recognized as an endocrine organ which generates cytokines and adipokines for communication with other organs and tissues. The major process of lipogenesis is triacylglycerol synthesis which comprises such enzymes as monoacylglycerol acyltransferase and diglyceride acyltransferase for triacylglycerol storage in a form of lipid droplets. The other way around main enzymes of lipolysis adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase produce sufficient amount of energy for other tissues. Lipid combustion in brown adipose tissue produces heat in the body through the function of uncoupling protein 1. Signaling pathways of lipolysis and thermogenesis comprise adrenergic receptors. Study of thermogenic function of uncoupling protein and adipose tissue metabolism can be useful for the treatment of obesity and metabolic disorders.
|
|
|
Obesity and its health complications
STROUHALOVÁ, Eliška
Bachelor thesis concern with history and types of obesity. Obesity etiopatogenesis which include energy balance, nutrition, physical activity, psychosocial factors, pharmatical drugs, genetics and fat tissue as endocrine organ. Than with health examination of obese patient, health issues, impact of obesity on life quality and economical impact. Last theoretical chapter is world prevalence of obesity which is based on research from selected states of the world. The goal of this study was to determine prevalence overweight and obesity which include health issues in the population. For this study was created an anonymous questionnaire. This method is called quantitative. By the evaluation of my survey it was proven that the obese people are not conscious of possible aftermath and they do not find help in time.
|
|
|
Physiological aspects of body composition measurements
Větrovská, Renata ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Poledne, Rudolf (referee) ; Brychta, Tomáš (referee)
Determination of body composition or amount and decomposition of body fat belongs to the basic clinical examination of an obese patient. But methods used to determine the amount of fat in obese population are often innacurate. And it's adipose tissue and its measurable parameters which can provide us range of information for the further process of the reductive treatment. The main goal of this work is to evaluate the physiological aspects of body composition measurement in several areas: (I) To determine whether the values of body fat measured by most commonly used methods are comparable to those measured by method DEXA. (II) To determine whether the values of the amount of body fat measured by different methods vary depending on the amount of BMI and adipose tissue in the body and assess whether the available bioimpendance methods can measure the functional state of body fat. (III) To assess the resting energy expenditure in relation to body composition and physical activity. (IV) To determine whether the body composition will affect the resulting reduction after excercise program for women with overweight and obesity. (V) To verify whether changes in the values of BOHB (Beta Hydroxybutyrate) after physical activity could be the predictor of weight losses and changes of body composition. Based on...
|
|
|
Adherence and compliance with reduction modes
Novotná, Kateřina ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Tuka, Vladimír (referee)
Topic: Adherence and compliance with weight reduction modes This bachelor thesis deals with the impact of an individual two-month weight reduction program with regular and continuous online controlling of the body weight and the diet. The main goal is to determine the changes in body composition and weight in patients based on input and output analysis method to evaluate the success of the program. The second goal is to verify whether the regular and continuous online controlling method and online counseling with a nutritional therapist, did have an impact on adherence and compliance of patients on the reduction program. The weight reduction program took place at the 3rd. Medical Department - Clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolism of the 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General Teaching Hospital in Prague. Body composition analysis was assessed using the InBody 720 bioimpedance device. Measured components were: following body weight, BMI, body fat and the skeletal muscle mass. From all 11 patients who started the two-month individual weight reduction program with the regular and continuous online control have 9 patients complete the program, this means 82% complete rate. These 9 patients, on average represents 90 research days, while the average number of the actually recorded days...
|
|
|
Molecular mechanisms of metabolic syndrome with focus on new hormones produced by adipose tissue, liver and skeletal muscle
Kloučková, Jana ; Haluzík, Martin (advisor) ; Šenolt, Ladislav (referee) ; Bužga, Marek (referee)
1 Abstract The cluster of obesity, insulin resistance and other associated comorbidities represents a significant health risk for the affected individuals as well as the whole population. Chronic low-grade inflammation of adipose tissue is considered one of the main mechanisms respon- sible for the progression from simple obesity to a fully developed metabolic syndrome. The aim of our study was to explore two different approaches that could potentially ameliorate adipose tissue inflammation - therapeutic hypothermia and the adipocytokine clusterin. In the first part, we showed that a period of deep hypothermia associated with the an- oxic phase of cardiac surgery significantly delayed the onset of systemic inflammatory re- sponse induced by surgery. The relative gene expression of the studied genes was not altered during the hypothermic period, but was significantly increased in five out of ten studied genes (IL-6, MCP-1, TNF-α, HIF1-α, GLUT1) and decreased in two genes (IRS1, GPX1) at the end of surgery. We conclude that deep hypothermia delays the onset of local adipose tissue hy- poxia and inflammation. These results could partially explain the positive effects of therapeu- tic deep hypothermia on postoperative morbidity and mortality in cardiac surgery patients. In the second part, we examined plasma...
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
guest ::
