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Zhodnocení výskytu environmentálních mastitid ve vybraném chovu dojného skotu
BÍLÝ, David
Mastitis is one of the most common diseases of dairy cattle worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of environmental mastitis and the economic impact of mastitis in a selected dairy cattle farm for the period 2019-2022. A total of 596 cases of mastitis were diagnosed, of which 78% were environmental mastitis. While the number of cases of contagious mastitis decreased over the period under review (from 36 % to 6 %), the number of environmental mastitis cases followed the opposite trend. The economic cost per dairy cow ranged from CZK 2 134 to CZK 4 527. The largest item was the loss of milk from treated dairy cows.
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Výživa dojnic v tranzitním období
HAVLÍČEK, David
The bachelor thesis Nutrition of dairy cows in the transition period deals with the nutrition of dairy cows in the peripartum period with emphasis on the prevention of metabolic disorders. The basic feeds used for the nutrition of dairy cows are described from a single-souled perspective. Characteristics of essential nutrients. Phasic nutrition and metabolic disorders caused by poor nutrition. The actual work was based on information obtained from five farms. Information was obtained on feed ration, housing method, feeding technique and incidence of metabolic disorders. From the information obtained, it can be said that most of the selected farms choose the right methods and practices in feeding dairy cows in transit. However, deficiencies were found in two holdings based on a lack of knowledge of the nutrient composition of the feed and in one case an unbalanced ration. There are no serious problems related to metabolic disorders in any of the selected holdings.
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Vybrané vlivy na reprodukci dojnic u stáda holštýnského skotu
BENEŠOVÁ, Dominika
Even though the Czech Republic average values of fertility indicators have improved in previous years, their maximum values are still exceeded in individual farms. This bachelor's thesis dealt with the evaluation of selected influences on the overall level of reproduction in the Holstein cattle herd. The aim of my work was to develop a literature review on the reproduction of cow reproduce. The literature review concerned their reproductive indicators, repro-ductive management together with methods of controlled reproduction and the main factors that influence the reproduction ability of a given dam. Another stated goal of this work was to evaluate selected factors that influence their reproduction in a se-lected herd of Holstein cattle. The analysis of fertility indicators and selected influ-ences took place on the Hadačka farm, belonging to company Kralovická zeměděská a.s. 242 cows of Holstein cattle or their hybrids were included in the monitored group, these selected dairy cows met the following criteria: they calved for the first time from 2019 to 2022 and at the same time were admitted, pregnant and calved in this defined time. The following fertility indicators were analyzed in chosen breed: length of ser-vice period, length of insemination interval and length between-calving interval. Sub-sequently, these selected indicators were evaluated depending on lactation order, daily and average daily milk yield, age at first calving and breed. As the lactation phase increases, the period of reproductive indicators is short-ened. The shortest period of fertility indicators (service period -68 days, insemination interval -68 days, calving interval -365 days) was showed by dairy cows in the 5th lactation, and the longest service period (107 days) by dairy cows in the 1st lactation, insemination interval (71 days) for the 3rd and 4th lactation and calving interval (390 days) in dairy cows for the 2nd lactation. Regarding the influence of daily milk and average daily milk yield, it was found that the shortest service period and insemination interval were analyzed in dairy cows with the largest daily milk (46-60 l) and average daily milk yield (56-65 l). On the contrary, the shortest calving interval was found for both daily (8-20 l) and average daily milk (11-25 l) in dairy cows with the lowest value of the milk production. In connection with the age at the 1st calving, it was determined that the shortest time of service period (98 days) and calving interval (380 days) are showed by dairy cows that calved for the first time at an earlier age (636 to 710 days, respectively at 21 to 23 months). On the contrary, the shortest time of insemination interval showed by heifers that calved for the first time at a later age (787 to 950 days, 25 to 31 months). The longest time of service period and calving interval are achieved by heif-ers that calved at the latest age (787-950 days). Comparing fertility indicators between purebred animals and their hybrids, pure-bred animals showed a longer service period (by 2 days) and insemination interval (by 0.5 days). On the contrary, the longest calving interval is shown by hybrids (387 days), which is 9 days longer than that of purebred animals (378 days).
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Výživa dojnic v průběhu tranzitního období
SVAČINOVÁ, Nela
In this bachelor thesis the basic factors are described related to calving, correct nutrition and lactation of the dairy cow. The individual parts of the digestive tract and the course of digestive physiology are mentioned in the introduction. Subsequently, a section is devoted to transition period and risks that surround it. A substantial part of the work is also summary of basic nutrients found in feeds and basic components included in cattle rations.
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Analýza mléčné užitkovosti u dojnic českého strakatého skotu ve vybraném chovu
Jánišová, Lucie
In this bachelor thesis the analysis of milk yield of Czech fleckvieh cattle in selected breeding was performed, with regard to external and internal influences affecting milk production. The monitoring was carried out for 12 months, in the period from 01/2019 to 12/2019 in the stable Lubník, which belongs to the agriculture company ZOD Žichlínek and result from milk recording scheme. The monitoring was focused on fluctuations in milk production and milk elements, especially fat and protein, depending on individual seasons, the order and phase of lactation. Based on the results, we can conclude that the highest milk yields were achieved by cows at the 4th and higher lactation, dairy cows with a lactation phase of up to 100 days and in the spring period. The highest fat and protein content in milk was found in dairy cows with a lactation phase above 301 days. Dairy cows had the highest fat content in the summer and the highest protein content in the autumn.
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Vliv ročního období a četnosti pastvy na produkci mléka a mléčných výrobků od krav holštýnského skotu ve vybraném podniku
Kulišťáková, Michaela
In this work, the effects of seasons and frequency of grazing on the quality of Holstein cattle´s milk and milk products was monitored. Data from milk reccording of Z. P. Z. farm in Valašská Bystřice were used to obtain the results for year 2015. Dairy cows were categorized in numerical order of lactation into the three numerically equal groups that are dairy cows in 1st, 2nd and 3rd to 6th lactation. Deviations of milk yield were being observed during the year in relation to pasture. We also studied whether there was also change in representation of other milk components, especially in fat and proteins in the particular groups and well as in the whole herd. The results of the analysis showed that the most balanced milk yield during the monitoring of dairy cows was achieved in the winter months. When coming to and leaving from the pasture, we recorded significant declines in all observed values. During period of grazing, our results were highly fluctuating with the lowest values of milk yield (24.65 kg) and content of fat (3.67 %) recorded in August, which we attribute to high average daily temperatures. However, highest values were recorded during January for milk yields (32.25 kg) and during December for contents of fat and proteins (4.47 % and 3.37 % respectively). Effect of seasons on milk products was evaluated according to market demand. Highest demand for cheese and quark was recorded during spring months.
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Vliv vybraných parametrů chovatelského prostředí na tučnost mléka holštýnských dojnic
Stoklas, Josef
The aim of this thesis was to find out what effect the selected breeding parameters have on the milk fat content of dairy cows. The experiment took place troughout the whole year (from November 2018 to November 2019). Observations were conducted once a month. A total of 160 dairy cows were evaulated and all of them were in the stable with loose litter boxes. Dairy cows were compared at the top and at the end of lactation. The basic life manifestations frequencies of dairy cows were evaluated. These life manifestations did not change during the lactation in the monitored groups. As far as life manifestations are concerned then monitored dairy cows were mostly lying (from 60 %) regardless of the lactation stage. When they were lying down they preferred left side of the body, the difference was 0,5 %. Significant differences were found in milk components of the milk. Significant difference was also in fatness, dairy cows at the top of lactation had 3,86 % of fat and dairy cows at the end of lactation had 4,56 % of fat. The difference was also in the seperated feed. At peak lactation on the upper sieve remained just 4,6 % and at the end remained 18,1 % of feed.
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