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Optimalizace reprodukce a kvality gamet u okounovitých ryb
KŘIŠŤAN, Jiří
Pond and intensive aquaculture of percids relies mainly on juveniles supplied by semi-artificial and artificial reproduction. Fish hatcheries do not always provide optimal conditions for percid reproduction. This project was undertaken to optimize reproduction methods of Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) and pikeperch (Sander lucioperca L.). Reproduction parameters were compared in farmed and pond-reared perch broodstock without hormone treatment. Spawning was successful without hormone induction at 92.3% and 76.9% in farmed and pond-reared perch, respectively. Significant differences in morphological characteristics (gonadosomatic, hepatosomatic and viscerosomatic indices), fecundity, hatching, and post-spawning mortality were detected. All results, with the exception of spawning success and post-spawning mortality, were superior in pond reared broodstock. Further studies are required to optimize protocols for using better artificial food in farmed perch and decreased stress and post-spawning mortalities in pond reared perch broodstock. The possibilities of using clove oil, Propiscin, or 2-phenoxyethanol as an alternative to tricaine methane sulphonate (MS222) as anaesthetic, particularly with respect to reducing fish stress, were investigated. The haematological and biochemical profiles of pikeperch anaesthetized with clove oil (33 mg l?1), Propiscin (1.5 ml l?1), 2-phenoxyethanol (0.3 ml l?1), and MS222 (150 mg l?1) were determined. Each tested group was divided into two subgroups; the first subgroup was sampled 10 min after application and the second 24 h post-application. Clove oil was shown to be associated with the lowest effects in pikeperch, and therefore could be recommended as an alternative to MS222, while Propiscin and 2-phenoxyethanol were shown to be unsuitable for use with pikeperch. In Eurasian perch the use of semi-artificial reproduction for mass production of embryos was shown to be simpler and more effective. With mass incubation, 1 134 000 embryos (59% of total production) were obtained with a semi-artificial spawning regime and 796 000 embryos (41% of total production) with artificial spawning. Based on these results, we can recommend the semi-artificial spawning for production of perch embryos. Differing doses of two commonly used hormone preparations: human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and mammalian GnRHa (Supergestran) were tested for induction of ovulation in pikeperch. A broad range of effective doses is used in aquaculture of pikeperch. The minimal effective dose based on ovulation success is still missing. Hormone therapy applied to excess can result a detrimental impacts on broodstock fecundity and quality of eggs. Results indicated that a single injection of hCG or Supergestran could be used for successful ovulation, while no spawning was observed in a control group treated by saline solution. Among hormone treated groups, the best results were observed in groups treated with hCG at 500 and 750 IU kg-1 BW and in groups treated with mGnRHa at 25 ?g kg-1 BW. The sperm of pikeperch and Eurasian perch show similar morphology and fine structure, with the exception of differences in arrangement of midpiece and centrioles and the presence of a fin-like structure on the flagellum in pikeperch. Our results suggest use of an activation medium containing Ca2+ for activation of short-term stored sperm. Efficacy of five concentrations of Alcalase enzyme for elimination of egg stickiness compared to a milk/talc suspension was determined. Results indicated that 0.5-2.0 ml l-1 of Alcalase for 2 min may increase pikeperch egg hatching success (80-85%) compared to the milk-talc suspension. The highest hatching rate (85.4%) was observed with 1.5 ml l-1 of Alcalase. The application of Alcalase successfully eliminated pikeperch egg stickiness in 2 min compared to 60 min with traditional milk/clay/talc methods.
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Specifics of Perioperative nursing Care of Seniors from the Point of View an Anaesthesia Nurse
VRÁNOVÁ, Magdaléna
The theoretical part of the thesis is focused on nursing care of seniors during perioperative period from the point of view of an anaesthesia nurse. It is divided into a general and a special part. The general part deals with nursing care approach to a senior, with psychosocial aspects of hospitalization, his/her needs, communication barriers and educational specifics. It also covers the issues of operation in old age, psychosomatic changes and their consequences for anaesthesia care. The theory in the specialized part is divided into preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative care in relation to anaesthesia administration.The first goal of the bachelor thesis was to examine the importance of anaesthesia department from senior?s view. The second goal was to determine the importance of anaesthesia department from the view of an anaesthesia nurse and the third goal was to map nursing care of a senior at an operation theatre in relation to anaesthesia.Qualitative research form, the questioning method was applied to information collection. Non-standardized interview with general nurses and seniors was the data collection technique. The research results show that an anaesthesia department is beneficial from seniors? view.It has also been found that nurses consider the anaesthesia department useful particularly for seniors. The benefit for the nurses themselves has still certain imperfections, particularly in sharing information on nursing care with an anaesthesia nurse. The research in nursing care at the operation theatre shows that anaesthesia nurses participate in the continuity of perioperative care of a senior just partially. They are aware the specifics of care about seniors in intraoperation period and differentiate satisfaction of the needs. The thesis might serve as educational material for nurses involved in perioperative care and nurses in specialization education. Documentation was elaborated from the conclusion of the empirical part upon the found drawbacks, particular ideas of the nurses and in compliance with the procedures recommended by the informed public. A brochure Anaesthesiology Guide was elaborated to make cooperation between a nurse and a senior easier.
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Educational activity of a nurse in perioperative care
FOTROVÁ, Miluše
description of work This paper is devoted to the questions of the education in operating theatres through perioperative nurses. The paper defined the objectives and research questions. Objective 1: To determine the difference in educational activities of a perioperative nurse in selected operating theatres in the Hospital České Budějovice, AG. The objective was accomplished, and the educational methods comply with the orientation of the operating theatres in the relevant departments. The respondents agree on the most used method, which is an interview. Objective 2: To determine the difference in the education through a perioperative nurse in the general and local anaesthesia. The objective was accomplished. Diversity of the education for the local anaesthesia consists primarily in the approach to a patient, where the respondents reported a closer individual contact towards an operated patient. The nurses agree on that during the local anaesthesia they interpret a detailed explanation to the patient to the following surgery in terms of nursing care, and they talk actively to the patient, and inform him throughout the whole period of the surgery process. The objectives of the paper were defined by four research questions. Question 1. What are the educational methods used through the perioperative nurses? The respondents reported unanimously the method of an interview, an explaining, a work with text - leaflets, brochures; further they indicated a photo-documentation and educational books, although they are not used in the operating theatres in questions. Question 2. What method is considered by the perioperative nurses as the most beneficial for the patient? The respondents reported unanimously the method of an interview, six of the respondents stated the work with a text - leaflets, brochures. Question 3. In what manner proceeds the education on the selected operating theatres in the Hospital České Budějovice, AG? All nine nurses consistently reported that they conduct the education in a corridor on the day of surgery. Here the acting nurse acquaints the patient with the operating theatre environment, explains and performs a nursing preparation according to the department practices, instructs the patient about his position on the operating table. Question 4. What is the difference in the education of the patient through the perioperative nurse before the surgery in general and local anaesthesia? According to the nurses´ opinion, the difference lies by the local anaesthesia in a more individual access to the patient, when the method of detailed explanation is used. The nurses talk to the patient throughout the whole performance.
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