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Financing by loans - model case
MIŠÁKOVÁ, Eliška
The main subject of the thesis "Financing by loans-model case" is aimed at credit questions. The first section lists the various types of loans and the characteristics that define a loan. In the second part is an analysis of credit standing of the client, followed by providing long-term loan.
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Independent monitoring of Nuclear power plant Temelin environs by Regional centrum of SONS České Budějovice. Project of independent monitoring NPPTE in the case of Emergency incident.
ZEMAN, Karel
The State Office for Nuclear Safety (SONS) and the National Radiation Protection Institute (NRPI) are involved in independent monitoring of surrounding areas of nuclear power plants (NPPs), in accordance with the Czech legislative requirements (Decree No. 319/2002 Coll. on radiation monitoring network (RMS), as amended by Decree No. 27/2006 Coll.). The monitoring includes surveillance of environmental samples, in which radionuclides can be detected in case of emergency event, i.e. radioactivity release from the NPP. Another part of the monitoring is measurement of photon dose equivalent, continuously in the air (early detection network - SVZ) or using thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) placed in SONS monitoring points in the NPP vicinity. Environmental sampling and evaluation of photon dose equivalent in the air is carried out in regular intervals. The 137Cs and 131I activity is measured by gamaspectrometry method used with Gamat evaluation program, according to SONS internal procedure (VDMI). Tritium activity in surface water is measured by liquid scintillation spectrometer Beta TriCarb made by Canberra Packard Company, according to methodology CSN ISO 9698 (757635). Evaluation of dose equivalent rate is carried out continuously by LB 6360 proportional probe and LB 6500-3 Geiger-Muller tube located in RC Building in Ceske Budejovice. TLD evaluation is carried out by NRPI laboratory in Prague and the results are sent to SONS RC Ceske Budejovice. Goal of this work is to provide a set of results of the independent monitoring in surrounding areas of Temelin NPP (ETE) carried out between 1999 and 2009, by determination of volume, mass or surface activity of environmental samples (137Cs and 131I) and spot samples of water (3H) taken from SONS monitoring points near ETE . The set of such results should provide a baseline reference values for normal (pre-accident) situations. Additionally, based on the long term of the ETE surrounding surveillance, it can be shown that the ETE operation represents no threat to the health of the critical population group, and that the radiation situation in the ETE surrounding is stable. It can be also shown that the ETE operator meets requirements and conditions of authorized limits for discharging radionuclides into the environment. Procedures and method of independent environmental monitoring in the ETE surrounding during emergency events can be proposed on the basis of many years of experience with proven methodologies, experience with sampling locations, staffing and organization of measurement.
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Measuring methods of surface contamination with radioactive substance in the nuclear power plant Temelin
PAPAN, Juraj
Monitoring of the occurrence and scope of surface contamination is performed by the Radiation Protection department in order to adopt adequate measures for the protection of persons from unwanted contamination and to inspect observation of limits for surface contamination and for items taken outside the controlled area. The chapter containing results and collected data includes a definition of the measured parameter and it stresses the surface contamination as a major health risk factor, which is demonstrated by conversion of surface contamination values into absorbed doses in the exposed body organs. This is followed by the principles, issues and factors affecting detection of ionizing radiation, particularly the surface activity, which is used to express the extent of surface contamination. The issues of detection are followed by a description of scope and principle of monitoring implementation within which the individual measurements are performed, taking into account the reference levels for specific measurements. The individual measuring procedures are accompanied with descriptions of their use. Apart from a summary description of the implementation of surface contamination monitoring in the nuclear power plant Temelín, one of the objectives of the thesis was the analysis of errors introduced into the measurement process by persons performing the measurements. The main objective of the thesis was to confirm the hypothesis that measures adopted by the Radiation Protection department, based on results from working measurements for the protection of workers who get into contact with radioactivity in form of surface contamination, are sufficient and that the limits for surface contamination of items taken outside the controlled area are not exceeded.
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3H monitoring in the river Vltava in the surroundings of NPP Temelín
ZEMAN, Karel
The State Office for Nuclear Safety (SÚJB) and the National Radiation Protection Institute (SÚRO) are involved in independent monitoring of the surroundings of nuclear power plants (NPPs) as stipulated by Czech legislation (Decree No. 319/2002 on Czech Radiation Monitoring Network, as amended by Decree No. 27/2006). This monitoring includes examination of samples from the hydrosphere, where any unusual presence of radionuclides can indicate radioactivity leaks from the NPP. Samples are taken weekly (2 sampling sites on the Vltava [Moldau] river downstream of the Temelín waste duct, viz. at Kořensko (downstream of the dam) and at Újezd) and monthly (from 5 sampling sites on the Vltava river {--} 2 upstream of the mouth of the duct and 3 downstream of the mouth of the duct {--} and 1 sampling site at the Býšov precipitation retention basin). A CANBERRA PACKARD TriCarb liquid scintillation beta spectrometer serves to measure the activity of tritium in surface waters in compliance with ČSN ISO 9698 (757635) standard. The aim of this work was to determine volume activity of point samples from the SÚJB monitoring sites in the Vltava river (with focus on Kořensko) and to examine tritium kinetics in dependence on factors such as the times of release from the NPP, flow rate through the Kořensko dam, Orlík basin level height, etc. The feasibility of back-tracing of the activity levels and times of release from the Temelín plant, which could serve SÚJB as a tool to check the data provided by the plant management, is discussed. The data of volume activity of tritium in watercourses in the vicinity of the NPP are in accordance with SÚJB{--}Temelín NPP interlaboratory comparisons. Linked to the known release times and amounts of effluents from the Temelín plant, the results of the measurements allow the propagation of tritium through the watercourse of the Vltava river to be assessed both in the time horizon and with respect to a quantitative estimate of dilution of the radioactivities in dependence on the flow rates. Owing to the fact that radioactivity in the surroundings of the NPP has been monitored for many years now, convincing evidence can be provided demonstrating that the operation of the plant does not endanger the health of the critical group of population living near the plant, that the radiological situation is stable, and that the requirements and conditions of authorized limits regarding the introduction of radionuclides into the environment are complied with.
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Protection of workers, inhabitants and environment during mining and processing of uranium ore
PILECKÁ, Eliška
In the Czech republic uranium had been mined in Jáchymov (till 1967), near Příbram (1948 {--} 1991), in Okrouhlá Radouň in the south of Bohemia (1972 {--} 1990), near Vítkov in the west of Bohemia (till 1991), in Zadní Chodov (till 1992), in Dyleň (till 1994), in Hamr and Křížany near Stráž under Ralsko (till 1990), in Zálesí in Rychlebské Mountain and in many other locations. The mining of uranium influenced in considerable way health and quality of miners´ lives, and also lives of their relatives and up to now it still influencing quality of lives of people living near mining locations. Above all the uranium industry made irreparable changes in our country and the leftovers are up to now influencing the quality of our environment. That´s why there is a must to pay special attention to this area. Nowadays in the Czech republic there is registered around 3768 old uranium mines, out of it there is 2523 mining cannons which are obliged to be regularly controlled. The negative influences are marked as old burdens of already eliminated mining or modificating act on our environment or in some other way threatening public interests. According to the character of negative expression we distinguish mining burdens, it means negative influence of mining activity on stableness of the surface, and ecological burdens, it means negative influence on our environment. In my opinion a matter of uranium industry is very rarely known to the wide public. The main reason why is it like this can be the fact that in the period of main expansion of uranium industry in the Czech republic all the information connected to the research, mining or maintaining of uranium, were top secret. The second reason can be no existence of complete source of information that could be used for study purposes and the same time for informing general public. That is why this study should purvey such source.
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Detection of Ionizing Radiation in Radiological Controlled Area of Nuclear Power Plant Temelín.
DOUDOVÁ, Vendula
The power plant Temelin is equipped with the modern system of radiation control. The system meets high technical standard. It ensures the control of all parameters according requirements of our legislative and government authority. The system provides the control in such dimension to have necessary information about irradiation of workers and the population in neighbourhood, outlets to environment, and about the situation in the some selected technological circuits and systems. It is necessary to monitor the integrity of barriers in every mode of power plant Temelin including emergency and post-emergency conditions. The working environment in contained area of the power plant Temelin is monitored with stationary monitoring system and with the mobile instruments according the approved operational manual. The workplace monitoring is realized with surveillance, measurement, evaluation and recording parameters of ionizing radiation field and the occurrence of radionuclides in working area, especially the dose equivalent on the working area and the volume activities in the environment and the surface activities.
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Network status visualization
Hejna, Martin ; Pavlíček, Luboš (advisor) ; Beneš, Jiří (referee)
The purpose of this diploma thesis is to provide a complex overview for the network status visualization topic. The diploma thesis is structured into four parts. The first one is dedicated to the definition of the most important terms, together with the description of several visualization methods, network metrics and last but not least to the discussion of visualization risks and benefits. In the second part, an own visualization process is at first proposed and then the particular steps of this process are discussed. Easy to understand examples are applied through this part. In the third part, several method of data collection protocols and visualization tools are briefly described. The analyzed tools are graphic libraries, as well as standalone applications and Network Management Systems. The last part is dedicated to the analysis of the current visualization tools used on the VŠE network. A short analysis of the university's network is also made. According to this analysis, an own solution is proposed for a particular part of network.
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The Monitoring of Animals
Tripes, Stanislav ; Pokorný, Pavel (advisor) ; Bína, Vladislav (referee)
The task of this work was to plat the possibilities of either active or pasive monitoring system utilization for watching the animals and their migration. The work focuses especially on the technological description and economic and legal grounds. This work describes the clinic usage and the possibilities of the reduction of animal losses and motor vehicles damage. Both of the monitoring alternatives (mobile and static devices) are described closely in this work concerning to thein technology and economics. This work also considers the monitoring of the rare species such as storks, norhtern lynx etc. There is also edumbrated the potential developement of the observation of animal's behaviour and migration at the end of this work.
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