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The evolution of the social parasitism of Phengaris (Maculinea)
PECH, Pavel
The presented thesis deals with the evolution of the social parasitism of Phengaris (Maculinea) butterflies. It consists of three related problems: I) The phylogeny of Glaucopsyche section (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Polyommatinae) {--} the social parasitism occured only once in the Glaucopsyche section. II) The conditions in which the social parasitism of Phengaris evolved {--} the process was probably facilitated by unique species composition of the myrmecofauna of the biotopes inhabited by the ancestor of Phengaris. III) The host specificity of Phengaris {--} today{\crq}s view on the host specificity of Phengaris is poorly supported.
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Theory of spontaneous order in social and natural sciences
Beník, Miroslav ; Pavlík, Ján (advisor) ; Vaverka, Tomáš (referee)
On the present, a theory of spontaneous order is organized set of knowledges applicable in biology, cognitive sciences, through sociology, psychology, jurisprudence to the economics. This interdisciplinary outstroke of the theory of spontaneous order deserve to investigate genesis of its fundamental thoughts and thesis. Purpose of the composition work is to clarify forming the theory of spontaneous order in social sciences and its reception in natural sciences, also a later mutual relationship between socioscientific and naturalistic processes of self-organization.
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Identification of Z-linked genes for the study of sex chromosome evolution in Lepidoptera
PROVAZNÍK, Jan
Moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera) have a WZ/ZZ (female/male) sex chromosome system or its numerical variants. The non-recombining W chromosome is largely formed by heterochromatin, composed of repetitive DNA and almost free of genes. Its use for evolutionary studies is thus limited due to fast molecular divergence. Whereas the Z chromosome resembles to autosomes; it is rich in genes and thus expected to be more conserved. In this study, the Z-linked genes with available DNA sequence information are summarized in order to give reference to suitable candidates for the study on evolutionary history of sex chromosomes in Lepidoptera. The use of Zlinked genes to test current hypotheses on the origin of the lepidopteran W chromosome is also discussed.
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Evolution of coloration in the Galliformes
VALENZOVÁ, Zdeňka
The coloration of plumage and ornaments in the groups Numididae, Odonthophoridae and Phasianidae (within the order Galliformes) was detailled described and analyzed. The ecological factors affecting the evolution of dichromatism and conspicuousness were tested.
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Super-Turing Computational Potential of Cognitive and Evolutionary Systems
Wiedermann, Jiří
The computational potential of artificial living systems is investigated. Each organism is modelled by so-called cognitive automaton. It is any finite state device with a finite configuration space that processes infinite streams of input symbols. Examples of such automata are finite state automata, discrete neural networks, Boolean circuits, etc. It is shown that non-uniform families of cognitive automata and community of cognitive automata possess a super-Turing computing potential.
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