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Chosen Charactreristics of Children from Children´s Homes
POLÁČKOVÁ, Lucie
This final year thesis focuses on problems of children growing up in children´s homes. In the theoretical part it deals with definition of the term children´s home and children´s home with school, reasons for placing child in children´s home, purpose and function of family and children´s home. The thesis characterizes family background a child came from to children´s home, it describes deprivation syndrome and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. A part of the thesis addresses Romany children growing up in children´s home and the relation between childhood spent in children´s home and crime committed in adulthood. The last chapter refers to some difficulties of young people leaving institutional upbringing. The practical part contains comparison of composition of children from three chosen institutions (two state and one non-state) Children´s Home with School Horní Planá, Children´s Home Aš and Private Children´s Home Koryto. They are compared especially in spheres described in the theoretical part. Concurrently I obtained basic information about particular children´s homes from senior executive. Also I monitored carers opinions of institutional upbringing and of children´s state of preparation for independent life after leaving children´s home and their attitudes to upbringing children.
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Pursuit secular changes and evaluation of trends in country around JETE and influence JETE over country
POLÁČKOVÁ, Stanislava
The content in my graduation theses is characteristic of villages and poeple in outbuildings , which disappeared by the development JETE. I wrote about trend in number of houses and poeple in the time 1869 {--} 2001 in comparision with Southbohemia region, district around Č. Budějovice, city Týn n. Vltavou and village Temelín, which is nearly JETE. People compare target the age, nationality and economy power in the country around JETE. I wanted to desribe structure of settled outbuildings. The trend of the country target the farmland, status quo around JETE, i.c. reconstruction of castle Býšov in distillery, characteristic park of castle, valuation of landscape and coefficient ecological stability.
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Burjatian shamanism
Havlíček, Marek ; Kašpar, Oldřich (advisor) ; Pargač, Jan (referee)
After the political changes in East Europe and Central Asia at the end of 80s of the 20th century some latitude of religious liberty, which had been limited till then, occured. It made possible to restore original traditions and gradually return the religion from illegality back to the public life. Ecclesiastic and confessional institutions started to restore in accordance with those ones operating in the period of Imperial Russia. A very specific situation arose from Buryat shamanism, which had never been under the state and authority control like other confessions had. Buryat shamans began to restore and renew extinct traditions mostly by the way of studying professional ethnographical and religious literature and inspired by the new philosophical currents of the tardy wave of New Age, they complemented numerous gaps and deficiency with their own ideas. During the last 15 years several organisations associtiating Buryat shamans have come into existence. They obviously differ from each other in their specialisation, traditions they gather from, and even in their range. Some of them are local, others try to unite all shamans in the territory settled by the Buryats, but there are also small formal and informal groups gathering disciples of a master. All associations of shamans in some ways use traditional...
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The study of the role of cell populations in rejection and tolerance of orthotopic corneal transplants
Sedláková, Klára ; Filipec, Martin (advisor) ; Jirásková, Naďa (referee) ; Čejková, Jitka (referee)
Small animal models of orthotopic corneal transplantation offer many advantages for the study of immune mechanisms after grafting - not only because of the similar mechanisms of murine and human corneal transplant rejection but also due to the feasibility of the direct observation of the animal without the need to sacrifice it. The purpose of the thesis was to study this model in mouse and rat. We established allotransplantation (BALB/c to C57BL/6 mouse and Wistar Furth to Lewis rat) and concordant xenotransplantation model (rat to mouse; Lewis to BALB/c and Sprague Dawley to BALB/c) and set up grading schemes for the evaluation of the clinical course after grafting. Initially, we focused on the effect of the suturing technique on the survival of xenografts and on the efficacy of selected immunosuppressants: cyclosporine A, monoclonal antibody against T cells (anti-Thy-1.2) and AMT (a specific inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase, 2- amino-5.6-dihydro-6-methyl-4-H-1.3-thiazine)). The results demonstrate that the suturing technique significantly affects the outcome of transplantation and, importantly, influences the effectiveness of immunosuppressive regimens and therefore must be taken into account when evaluating the efficacy of immunosuppressive drugs. FTY720 is a novel immunosuppressant with a...
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Serological diagnosis of toxoplasmosis
KAASOVÁ, Eliška
Toxoplasmosis caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma Gondii is one of the most widespread parasitic infection in the world, occurring in organism of both warm-blooded animals and humans. The majority of healthy individuals have no symptoms, in some cases there are slight clinical signs. However, serious heath complications or even death may be caused either by infection or reactivation of the latent form of infection among people with immunodeficiencies. Toxoplasmosis can inflict a severe fetal damage when a female is infected for the very first time in the first trimester of pregnancy. This can be prevented by the risk group screening and an early detection of the protozoan. Laboratory diagnostics use two basic methods in order to prove toxoplasmosis, a direct one and an indirect one. The direct methods such as a microscopic evidence of the protozoan or the isolation of Toxoplasma Gondii on laboratory animals are not usually used in practice. In recent years methods of molecular biology focused on the proof of the protozoan?s nuclear acid in the biological material come to the fore. The methods of indirect evidence are based on the detection of specific traces left by the infectious agent in human organism. Among them, serological methods are the most commonly used ones in the routine operation in the majority of laboratories in the Czech Republic. A basic principle is reaction between antigen and antibody. It is possible to determine whether the infection is in acute or chronic phase and what type of infection it is. This test was utilized for serological evidence of toxoplasmosis for the first time. Then other tests were made. That includes intradermal and imunofluorecent tests, complement fixation test, indirect hemaglutination, microprecipitation or imunoenzymatic methods. The mere evidence of the presence of antibodies is not usually sufficient for diagnosis. Determination of the phase of infection is essential, therefore it is needed to prove if the value of each class of immunoglobulins (or titers of all antibodies) increases, decreases or if they have a stable value. In some cases the avidity IgG may be crucial. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to detect antibodies against Toxoplasma Gondii and to evaluate their prevalence by using serological methods. And finally, these methods will be compared. The patient samples originate from the department of parasitology and serology of Fakultní nemocnice Plzeň, therefore there is an evaluation of the incidence of infection in Pilsen region. The complement fixation test is the most commonly used in routine operation for determination of the total level of antibodies or this test is supplemented by determination of levels of individual immunoglobulin classes by using the Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. If there is the evidence of infection of toxoplasma by using KFR and the antibody titer is 1:8, it is necessary to supplement the determination by ELSA method to ascertain the level of immunoglobulin classes. This diagnosis has gradually developed from demanding and complex procedures towards fast and fully automated diagnosis. In total, 68 samples of patients with suspicion of toxoplasmosis were determined. The monitored group includes men, women and children. After consideration of the factors which may influence the reaction and on the basis of KFR, the infection of 26 persons was eliminated (negative results). The remaining 43 patients had a positive reaction for the presence of antibodies. After comparing the positive results and low titers with the clinical state of the patient or with the values measured in the past, the determination by the method of ELISA was indicated among 41 persons. The final result for August 2012 was the detection of acute toxoplasma infection of 4 people.
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Surveillance of bacterial strains producing broad-spectrum beta-lactamase.
VLASOVÁ, Martina
In the first part of my thesis I focus on mapping problems associated with antibiotic therapy and subsequent development of antibiotic resistance. Tracking resistance is based primarily on data collection and evaluation of the results set sensitivity from around the world. Antibiotic resistance is a natural phenomenon that can be observed in the evolution of microbes as one of the mechanisms of adaptation to new conditions in the environment. For this work I have chosen the following research questions. Do the incidence of ESBL strains in the České Budějovice Hospital a.s. increase over time? Are these values comparable to those achieved in another region, namely in Moravian hospitals the University Hospital of Olomouc, Ostrava University Hospital and Regional University Hospital of T. Bata in Zlin? The data collection I made in collaboration with the laboratory technicians and doctors at Hospital?s Bacteriology Laboratory in České Budějovice. Bacteries tested for the detection of ESBL production originated from biological materials, witch came from patients of hospital in České Budějovice. The first objective was to compare the results achieved in the České Budějovice Hospital in the period of 2007 to 2012. If we look at the total number of ESBL strains that have been isolated since 2007, values have upward trend. While in 2007 there were only 64 strains a year later, the number more than doubled. In 2010, the value soared to 281 tribes and in the year 2012, the number was 321 tribes. The incidence of ESBL strains in 2007 increased about five times. In the long term we can say the numbers have increasing tendency and the range of each species in the production of ESBL has significantly changed. In 2007, it was K. pneumoniae strains that dominated the statistics, but over time the strains of E. coli came forefront. Values of 2012 suggest that the presence of ESBL strains of K. pneumoniae is again almost equal to the number of E. coli strains. The second objective was to compare the results of the 2012 with study of the Prevalence of ESBL-positive Enterobacteriaceae in large Moravian hospitals. In the general overview of ESBL producers values in Hospital České Budějovice (5.23%) are comparable to those in Ostrava (4.9%) and in Zlín (4.3%). Number of strains in the Hospital in Olomouc (11.8%) is about twice as high as the numbers in České Budějovice. In this comparison the České Budějovice Hospital is one of the hospitals with a lower incidence of ESBL producers. The České Budějovice Hospital is below the national average, which originate from an elaborate system of care for patients with colonization or infection with ESBL strains, and from therapy control system using antibiotic center. These results may serve to the Hospital in České Budějovice for statistical purposes, and also for proposals for improving patient care. In the discussion, I pointed out the danger of the spread of resistant strains of bacteria in the community and also the associated risks that mentioned bacteria mean for patients injured in mass accidents or disasters. In these cases, number of infections including ESBL producers can penetrate through open wounds into the affected body. Unlike conventional sensitive bacteria those strains are resistant to commonly used antibiotics and thereby endanger the lives of people affected by the accident.
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Physiotherapy in patients with Femoral neck fractures
PRINCOVÁ, Pavlína
This bachelor thesis focuses on physiotherapy for patients with fracture of the femur bone in the neck of the femur. The femur is the strongest and longest bone in the human body, securing the stability of the latter. A femoral neck fracture is a fracture in the narrowest place of the bone, where the long femur bone goes over to the head of femur, connecting the femur bone with the acetabulum. Considering the influence of high energetic effects on the bone, the most often during sports or accidents, fractures might occur with younger individuals. However, the fractures are more frequent with older individuals: especially women are more prone to these, in context with influence of postmenopausal osteoporosis. In the Czech Republic, according to statistics, approximately 10.000 individuals per year suffer from this injury, with a clear predominance of women. For 20% of all Czech women aged 60-65 years, there is a strong probability of falling at least once a year. With women aged 80-84 years, this probability increases to one third (Trča, Kudrna, Hořejší, 2008). The theoretical part of this work describes the anatomy of the femur and the pelvic bone building up a hip joint. Further on, biomechanics of the hip joint, including etiology, classification and diagnosis of the femur together with the possibility of operative or conservative medical treatment, are considered. The practical part is based on qualitative research, using observation and interviews. Out of observation methods, the following were chosen: aspection, palpation, goniometrical and anthropometrical examination, examination of walking, muscle shortening and muscle strength that are observed at the beginning, during and at the end of the therapy. Patients of Traumatologic Department of the Hospital of Ceske Budejovice a.s. were chosen for this research.Two groups of patients are being observed: The first group consists of a man treated in conservative way and a woman with 1.5 year old femur fracture, originally treated by osteosythesis, indicated for total endoprosthesis out of a reason of a necrosis. These both patients were being observed for 6 weeks. The second group - a woman treated by osteosynthesis ? proximal femoral nail and a man with total endoprosthesis - were being observed for 8 days of therapy treatment in an early stage after the surgical intervention. Prior to starting the therapy, all patients were informed about the methods and targets of the therapy.The aim of the work is to map physiotherapeutic methods used for treatment of patients after femoral neck fracture, including a short term and a long term plan. The short term plan is especially focused on retreat of swelling and pain, restoring the muscular strength and movement and on training of walking with two crutches. The long term plan goal is approaching the same quality of life preceding the injury, especially by securing a better stability as prevention of falling down.All studied patients show a relatively quick improvement of the swelling and of the pain, especially these patients treated operatively. Verticalization of the patient is another important element, which is allowed by the classical treatment not earlier than after six weeks being confined to bed. Compared with this method, the operative method is more advantageous, allowing an earlier descend of the bed, helping avoiding such complications as thromboembolic disease, pneumonia or forming decubitus.The main objective of this bachelor thesis is not to evaluate a better and more efficient treatment method for the corresponding case - the sample of patients being not representative enough for such a purpose, but to remind and sum up the different used methods and means of physiotherapy.
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Old Age, Dying and Death : from Theory to Practice
Pikalová, Tereza ; Chloubová, Helena (advisor) ; Mellanová, Alena (referee)
Bachelor thesis "Old age, dying and death - from theory to practice" focuses on the issue of terminally ill people. It defines old age and deals with the interrelation with the society. It researches most common age, causes and places of death and searches the care possibilities for the terminally ill. The aim of the bachelor thesis is to research the interrelation between the society and old age, level and quality of existing lenitive care. Furthermore the thesis aims to define the possibilities of hospice care in the Czech Republic. The crucial aim of the thesis is to offer a solution for dignified dying and death for Mr. B., who worked with me on the empirical part of this thesis. The research method used in this bachelor thesis is qualitative monitoring by casuistry treatment method.
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Registration of the newborn citizens of the country, the history of our organization
NOVÁČKOVÁ, Dagmar
Bachelor thesis traces the history of the registries, the current operation and evaluates the relevance and need for registries to monitor the course of life of each individual. Registry accompanies every citizen throughout his life, from his birth, through marriage, the birth of his children to death. The thesis describes the whole management system of registries, which record the most important milestones in the lives of people registered in the registry books and collections. It describes the development of registries from their inception, i.e. from the oldest references to registries predecessors to the present, which is governed by Act 301/2000 Coll., on registries, name and surname, as amended. The thesis describes various procedures and actions of registrars issuing registry documents and entries in the registry books and collections. A specific feature is the administrative work, knowledge and skills of employees authorized to hold office records in registry offices. It demonstrates that keeping of registries is very complex and most responsible job.
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Buryat shamanism
Havlíček, Marek ; Pargač, Jan (referee) ; Kašpar, Oldřich (advisor)
After the political changes in East Europe and Central Asia at the end of 80s of the 20th century some latitude of religious liberty, which had been limited till then, occured. It made possible to restore original traditions and gradually return the religion from illegality back to the public life. Ecclesiastic and confessional institutions started to restore in accordance with those ones operating in the period of Imperial Russia. A very specific situation arose from Buryat shamanism, which had never been under the state and authority control like other confessions had. Buryat shamans began to restore and renew extinct traditions mostly by the way of studying professional ethnographical and religious literature and inspired by the new philosophical currents of the tardy wave of New Age, they complemented numerous gaps and deficiency with their own ideas. During the last 15 years several organisations associtiating Buryat shamans have come into existence. They obviously differ from each other in their specialisation, traditions they gather from, and even in their range. Some of them are local, others try to unite all shamans in the territory settled by the Buryats, but there are also small formal and informal groups gathering disciples of a master. All associations of shamans in some ways use traditional...
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