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Process and rate of disability among seniors
Malá, Marcela ; Tomeš, Igor (advisor) ; Šťastná, Jaroslava (referee)
The most characteristic feature of the demographic development in the Czech Republic and other developed countries is population ageing. The aim of the thesis "The process and rate of disability among seniors" was to determine the extent to which disability interferes with the lives of the seniors and to map the development, progress and conditions of the pension system. After an introductory overview of basic concepts, a part of the thesis deals with a theoretical analysis of the European framework of social security of seniors and another part is concerned with the reform of disability pensions in the Czech Republic. The focus is also on the forms of care for disabled pensioners. The last chapter of a theoretical part deals with deinstitutionalization. The empirical part analyzes the areas related to the development of population structure, administrative agenda, overview of pensions according to the WHO diagnosis groups, total overview of disability pensions, the development of the structure of pensions, financing of pension administration, and the average age of retired people. The economic side is also included, where pensions are compared with average salary and also the economic activity of seniors, housing, health and social services. The research is quantitative and confirms the current global...
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The quality of nursing care for patients with the need for geriatric care
ŠEBESTOVÁ, Jana
Abstract The quality of nursing care for patients with the need of geriatric care. Current state: The quality of the nursing care is an important factor in determining the satisfaction of patients with provided care. The aim of the quality nursing care is to improve the quality life and patients´ satisfaction. The theoretical part deals with generally defined concepts regarding to the quality of the nursing care, as well as old age and biological, psychological and social changes in old age. A part of the theoretical introduction of this thesis is the issue of screening tests conducted in the elderly and the most common geriatric syndromes. The communication with the elderly and violence against the elderly are described at the end of the theoretical part. The aim of the research was to determine patients´ satisfaction with the provided nursing care in Masaryk sanatorium Dobříš. Another aim was to evaluate the incidences of falls among patients in the period from 2012 to 2015 and to identify the most common cause of falls in the monitored group of patients. Methodology: The research part was realized using quantitative methods. For the research I used a part of the standardized questionnaire called the Quality of Health Care from the Patients' Point of View, containing 30 questions. The research was carried out in Masaryk sanatorium Dobříš during March and April in 2016. The further research was a retrospective analysis of reported falls in the period from 2012 to 2015. The data obtained from these researches were tested in SPSS program. The chi-square and sign pattern were chosen for statistical processing. Participants: In the research, 98 patients from Masaryk sanatorium Dobříš were interviewed, 3 patients were excluded for inadequate responses. The overall response rate was 100%. In the retrospective analysis of reported falls, 853 falls were analyzed. The results: The research shows that patients´ satisfaction is influenced by several factors. These include the evaluation of the provided information by a nurse, depending on patient education. It was found that people with the university education are significantly more satisfied with the provided care, than those with the secondary education. The patients were completely satisfied with the time of morning waking, with hours for visits and with the temperature in the rooms. Hospitalized patients are often affected by the environment in which they are at the time of hospitalization. Another factor is the behavior of nurses and other patients, who they meet every day. In the retrospective analysis of reported falls in years 2012 - 2015, it was found that the number of falls does not diminish, but the number of fall reports is relatively higher than we expected. This means that nearly half of reported falls are without injuries and most of the falls needs a treatment of flesh wounds caused by falls. The research shows that the most common cause of falls in the monitored group of patients is slipping in the shower. Conclusion: The research suggests that all these factors affect patients' satisfaction with the nursing care. Each patient should be considered individually and a nurse should recognize the primary needs of the patient, which she should meet as soon as possible. The nurse must contribute to the comprehensive care of the patient and try to improve the quality of the nursing care and become convinced that patients understood the provided information. The results of this research will be used as recommendations to improve the nursing care in Masaryk sanatorium Dobříš and as the analysis of reported falls in the years 2012 - 2015.
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Nutrition of patients in a geriatric departments
ARNOŠTOVÁ, Zuzana
This bachelor thesis is dedicated to the nutrition of patients in geriatric wards. The theoretical part is divided into five main chapters. The first chapter explains the term "geriatric patient", the second chapter describes the physiological and biochemical changes and use of nutrients in old age. The third chapter deals with prescription drugs in old age, the fourth chapter nutrition of geriatric patients and the fifth chapter is devoted to nutrition disorders in old age. The practical part is divided into two parts. The first part is the quantitative research which was done in three hospitals in aftercare departments via questionnaire. The questionnaire focused on patient satisfaction with meals, the quality and quantity of food and drinking regime. The research group consisted of patients in geriatric wards at the age over 60 years. There were distributed 61 questionnaires and their total return was 100%. The second part evaluates a specific menu which was provided by Hospital in Písek. Standard portions in the menu were evaluated in the "Nutriservis Profesional", they were calculated: energy intake, protein, carbohydrates, fat and fiber. Results of energy intake and nutrient value of the menu were compared with diet recommendations for the people older than 65 years given by the literature "Reference values for nutrient uptake, 2011". There were laid down three objectives. The first objective is to describe the level of catering in geriatric wards in terms of quantity and quality of the food. The second objective is to determine whether patients at geriatric wards adequately comply fluid intake. The third objective is the satisfaction of geriatric patients with catering at geriatric wards. The catering in terms of quantity and quality is optimum. According to the survey and also evaluation of the menu, the portion size of main dishes is excessive, but the meals are served only 3 times a day. According to the survey, more than half of the patients eat only half portions, thereby decreasing energy and nutrients intake, therefore providing snacks would be the appropriate solution. Regarding the quality of food, it would be advisable to diversify the menu and include foods from all quadrants of food pyramid. Drinking regime is optimum. Half of the patients complies drinking regime the other half of patients neglect the drinking regime. A possible solution for these patients is to increase controlling or supplement of drinking regime by own drinks. Half of the patients are satisfied with the catering, the other half would like to change the flavor of food, the problem is mainly seasoning. Patients in geriatric departments would welcome more information on catering and preparation of meals, and also a greater possibility to choose main dishes. This bachelor thesis might be used for making the information material, which could be used for better awareness of geriatric patients catering. The nutrition of geriatric patients is a hot topic and its importance should not be forgotten.
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Leisure activities in the home for the elderly to prevent immobilization syndrome
MARKVARTOVÁ, Kateřina
This bachelor thesis with the topic: "Leisure time activities in the Home for seniors as prevention of the immobilization syndrome" is divided into two sections - theoretical and practical. In the theoretical section the terms relating to old age and types of leisure time activities offered by the Home for seniors are described. In the thesis conclusion I describe the immobilization syndrome also occurring in the elderly. Recently, there has been a large increase in senior population, and many senior people have been trying to keep active. Even when they are in Homes for seniors, they still try to find some stimulating activities that can bring joy to their lives. In the practical section I describe my survey research and its results and the answers to the research questions. The survey was carried out in the Home for seniors in Pacov, using a qualitative method of investigation by semi-structured interviews. The interviews were conducted with 6 nurses working in the Home for seniors and with 7 clients of the Home for seniors in Pacov. First of all, we set two goals that we wanted to achieve. The first goal was to find out the influence of leisure time activities on the immobilization syndrome, the second one was to give an account of the ways in which leisure time activities are offered to seniors, and to check whether seniors make use of those opportunities. To meet these targets, we stated the following research questions: How the offered leisure time activities in the Home for seniors affect the immobilization syndrome development in seniors? What leisure time activities are offered by the Home for seniors? What leisure time activities are used most by seniors? The research questions were answered in the interviews which revealed that in the Home for seniors the activities most used by clients are ergotherapy and group exercises. The clients taking part in leisure time activities feel themselves in a good condition and are happy that such activities are available in the Home. The activities are also welcome by the nurses in the Home for seniors, because the elderly feel relaxed, are happier and the nurses have less work to do when clients are in a good physical and mental condition. The output of this work is represented by a booklet which was created to serve other Homes for seniors as information on leisure time activities for seniors.
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