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A comparative study: Electoral systems of the Baltic states
Čavojec, Jakub ; Lebeda, Tomáš (advisor) ; Lacina, Tomáš (referee)
The goal of this thesis was to compare the effects of the electoral systems of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania on the outcome of elections and on the representation of political parties in the parliament. Described was also the evolution of the electoral systems of each country since gaining independence. It was determined that the Estonian electoral system produces the most proportional outcomes. The threshold between overrepresentation and underrepresentation of the political parties in the parliament was determined. The estonian party system was declared the most stable. By calculating the value of the natural thresholds, it was not possible to determine in which country do the political parties have an easier access to their first mandate.
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Preferential voting in the elections to the House of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic in 2010 in comparison with elections in 2002 and 2006
Rybová, Drahomíra ; Lebeda, Tomáš (advisor) ; Jüptner, Petr (referee)
There was a record-breaking gain of seats that was based on preference votes in the 2010 election to the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic. The aim of my diploma thesis is to determine whether the reason for the above was a more active and effective utilization of the voters' preference votes, or it was a result of the different rules for the preferential voting. The clarification of the reasons is based on the analyses of the quantity of used preference votes from the voters' side, their active participation, and the ability to accumulate votes for several selected candidates. The thesis compares the results of the last election and elections in 2002 and 2006 and explores the differences that had happened in the course of these three elections. The thesis is also focused on models of voting behavior. It monitors which characteristics represent the voters who give the preference votes, and on the contrary, which candidates' characteristics are important for these voters and which are irrelevant.
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Attitudes of czech political parties towards the reform of electoral system
Juklíček, Petr ; Němec, Jan (advisor) ; Petřík, Martin (referee)
This diploma thesis researches the stance of czech political parties to reform of the electoral systém. The goal of the paper is to find out what form of electoral systém is prefered by each political party. The paper itself is divided into three parts. The first part is analysis of electoral systems, which should serve as theretical foundations for next parts of the thesis. In the second part the author analyses electoral reforms in Czech republic and in Czechoslovakia after the year 1989. The third part is research, for which the author states three hypotheses, which are absed on work of Maurice Duverger and Giovanni Sartori. The first hypothesis assumes, that big parties favour majority voting, or certain form of proportional system which favours big parties. Second hypothesis puts emphasis on smaller political parties. The author thinks, that small political parties will favour proportional system in its current form, or in that kind of form which favours small parties. The third hypothesis assumes, that small political parties, which were not elected into the House of representatives will advocate for banning or at least reducing of the electoral threshold. These hypotheses are confronted with data. Data was collected via interviews and surveys with party members and representatives.
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Electoral System to the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic
Voclová, Karolína ; Dvořáková, Vladimíra (advisor) ; Němec, Jan (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the formation and the development of the electoral system to the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic, with a focus on the impact of the decisions of the Constitutional Court on the current variables of an electoral system. The first part (the theoretical one) offers an explanation of the main terms used in the area of electoral systems. It especially deals with a classification of electoral systems by presenting the two main families of the electoral systems. Furthermore, an explanation of the basic terms used in the area of electoral systems is provided. The two main formulas for a seat allocation to parties are explained. The second part of the thesis is broader. It concentrates on the electoral system used in the Czech Republic for elections to the Chamber of Deputies. First of all, it pays attention to the formation of a constitutional provision concerning the electoral system. After that, it examines the electoral law relating to elections to the Czech Parliament, taking into account amendments of this piece of legislation. This part of the thesis also provides an in depth analysis of the decisions of the Czech Constitutional Court relating to the dimensions of the electoral law. Moreover, extensive parts are devoted not only to the implemented reforms of the electoral systems, but also to the ones that were not put into practice. Finally, recent proposals for amendments of the variables of the electoral systems are mentioned and evaluated.
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Personalization of Politics in the Czech Republic: Analysis of Manifestations of Personalization in the Electoral Process
Fričová, Magdaléna ; Němec, Jan (advisor) ; Kučera, František (referee)
The thesis deals with the subject of personalization of politics, the phenomenon that has recently become more and more topical. The process of personalization lies in reinforcement of focus on individual political actors at the expense of the collective ones. In the political system, we can observe personalization on three levels: in the institutional arrangement, in the way politics is perceived by citizens as well as its presentation by media. This process affects both the political parties (change in their organizational structure) and the political system in general (change in the character of mandate, the fragmentation of party system or the weakening of the control of individuals in power). The main topic of the thesis is personalization of politics in the frame of electoral systems through which the process can be encouraged or slowed down. On the background of theory of voting systems, the first part of the thesis analyses the development of Czech electoral system and chosen proposals of electoral reforms with focus on their impact on personalization of vote. The second part analyses outcome of parliamentary elections, namely the use and the impact of preferential voting. Last of all, fragmentation of the party system as a display of personalization is assessed, based on the Laakso-Taagepera index. Conclusions of the analysis confirm the personalization trend -- we can see an effort to personalize the vote from the part of political elites as well as the positive response to this trend from voters.
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Reform of the electoral system in Ukraine 1990-2012
Lakei, Iryna ; Prorok, Vladimír (advisor) ; Lupták, Milan (referee)
This thesis is focused on analyzing the reforms of the electoral system in Ukraine, during the period from gaining independence to the present. The main goal is to determine the reasons of the electoral reforms, and which political entities have become initiators of those changes in case of (non) existence inherent factors. The hypothesis of the thesis is whether political entities sought to maintain or strengthen its position in the Parliament, rather than contribute to the improvement of the electoral process.
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The political system of the Federal Republic of Germany - The Bundestag
BĚLOHLÁVKOVÁ, Petra
The subject of this Bachelor thesis is to describe the political system of the Federal Republic of Germany with a focus on the Bundestag. The author summarizes in the theoretical part the political system and the separation of powers in the Federal Republic of Germany and then focuses she on the German Bundestag, its organization, functions and electoral system. In the practical part, the author will deal with a comparison of the electoral system in the German Bundestag and the electoral system to the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic. In connection with holding of regular elections to the German Bundestag and early elections to the Chamber of Deputies in the fall 2013, the election results will be compared. The legislative process in the Federal Republic of Germany and in the Czech Republic will be compared, the data about the number of bills and on their progress in both countries in the last electoral term will be evaluated.
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Reforms in the British political system after the 2010 elections: Study 1.214
Kuta, Martin
Volby v roce 2010 ve Spojeném království nevyprodukovaly jasnou parlamentní většinu. Ačkoli se takový výsledek ve společnosti i mezi politiky a politology předpokládal, situace způsobila značný rozruch. Především se jednalo o fakt, že britská politika není na neexistenci jasné parlamentní většiny jedné strany zvyklá (situace tzv. hung parliament, tedy parlamentu bez jasné většiny); za jeden z možných aspektů se dá považovat i jednokolový relativně většinový volební systém, který za běžných okolností produkuje vládní většinu. Tato práce popisuje právě v koaliční dohodě zmíněné snahy – reforma volebního systému a reforma parlamentu, včetně pevného funkčního období. Práce věnuje pozornost nejen vlastním reformám, ale předkládá nástin historického a politického pozadí jednotlivých reformních kroků.
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