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Multiresidual methods for the determination of pesticides in waters
Matušková, Monika ; Kubíčková, Kristýna (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This bachelor´s work of theoretical character deals with multiresidual determination of pesticides in water. It is especially focused on pesticides generating residues in surface water, which - due to their toxicity and persistence in environment - require goal-directed monitoring. The division of pesticides is stated, and their properties, toxicity and elimination process are described in the work. Furthermore, possibilities of analytical determination, especially the methods of gas and liquid chromatography are introduced here. In the last chapter, the complete analytic procedure for determination of organochlorine pesticides is described.
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Possibilities of pesticide degradation by titanium dioxide
Píšťková, Veronika ; Veselý, Michal (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor´s thesis is a selection of pesticides, which could be degradated using titanium dioxide. The first part of the paper deals with general pesticide characteristics, subdivision of pesticides, mode of action on target agents and transformations of pesticides within the environment – the metabolic and the non-metabolic tranformation. The second part of the paper deals with heterogeneous photocatalysis using semiconductor TiO2, which is activated by ultraviolet or solar radiation. Using this method pesticides could be transformed even into carbon dioxide, water and inorganic mineral salts. Furthermore, there are mentioned the factors, which affect degradation rate, analytical methods to determine kinetics of degradation and methods for monitoring transients and end products. By each group of pesticides there are stated the representatives from this group, which have been used for investigation of degradation methods. Furthermore are mentioned decomposition mechanisms of reaction and the intermediate products formed during the photocatalysis process.
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Rozdíly v účinnosti a fytotoxicitě vybraných insekticidů pro ošetření orchidejí
Burianová, Ilona
The Bachelor thesis "The differences in the efficiency and the phytotoxicity of selected insecticides for treating orchids" deals with the orchid pests and various kind of protecting measures against them. Efficiency of the individual preparation and plant reactions to treatment are verify too. Pests cause important deterioration of quality. Knowledge of pests and pathogens biology, their harmfulness economic importance is prerequisite for effective protection against them.
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Rezistence blýskáčka řepkového (Brassicogethes aeneus Fabricius, 1775) k různým druhům insekticidů
Tóth, Pavel
The aims of my PhD thesis are to find out occurence of resistance population of pollen beetle, degree of resistance in population and to suggest possible change of the antiresistant strategy. At the same time it was investigated identification of pollen beetle species (Brassicogethes spp., Meligethes spp. and others) and their dominance in oilseed rape. Populations were collected from commonly used fields of oilseed rape, mustard and poppy in the region of central and southern Moravia and Bohemian-Moravian Highlands in 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012. The individuals were exposed active ingredients lambda-cyhalothrin, ethofenprox, cypermethrin, tau-fluvalinate, chlorpyrifos (ethyl) and the preparation Biscaya 240 OD according to methodology of Insecticide Resistancee Action Committee (IRAC) number 011, 021, 025. Decreased effectivenes active ingredients from group pyrethroids a neonicotinoids among individual year were found. There are resistance populations. The Cross Resistance were discovered between active ingredient lambda-cyhalothrin and ethofenprox. Active ingredient chlorpyrifos (ethyl) were the most effective of all active ingredients which were tested. Pollen beetle (Brassicogethes aeneus) was the most frequent species in all compared samples (2009 -- 2011). From the accompanying species B. subaeneus and B. viridescens were markedly more frequent in this study. To find out differences among the individual pollen beetle species during the laboratory tests of their susceptibility to insecticides is very important. It shouldn't used or combined active ingredient lambda-cyhalothrin and ethofenprox and another active ingredient should changed intensively.
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Toxicologically important pesticides in the regard of human health
VODVÁŘKA, Stanislav
There are an enormous number of known pesticides exceeding 10 000 substances. For more than 80 years these chemicals have been used to control pests including animals, seeds or parasitic fungi threatening agricultural, garden or forest plants, food or farming product reserves, industrial materials (textiles, leather, timber, etc.), and other animals as well as man. These substances are classified according to the type of use in pest control. The most important and prevalent groups involve insecticides, fungicides and herbicides. The other groups are of minor importance. Due to the high numbers of substances available, this work has been reduced and focuses on insecticides only, particularly on the insecticides showing the highest toxicity level for warm-blooded animals including humans, i.e. the insecticide substances that may be suspect in terms of abuse by terrorists. It has been proved long ago that some of the organophosphorous and carbamate insecticides show the highest toxicity level.
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