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Gothic mural painting in castle chapels in Bohemia
Čechová, Lucie ; Hlaváčková, Jana Hana (advisor) ; Royt, Jan (referee)
This work is an investigation of Czech Gothic murals in castle chapels in Bohemia. The key for including of a mural to the catalogue was the founding date between early middle-ages up to the year 1526; end of the hegemony of the Jagellon dynasty amongst Bohemian Kingdom. The core of the work is a comprehensive catalogue of such murals. Included are 12 localities where these murals can be found, dating through 300 years of the middle-ages. Not included in this catalogue are the three well-documented sacral spaces in Karlštejn castle, although they also fit the time period in question. It must be acknowledged that the Karlštejn chapel murals are key elements in understanding this style and era, due to their quality and influential nature. This essay sought to isolate and explore any specific typology in this class of artwork. However, it must be stated that no such unique common character exists. The murals are more a reflection of the requirements and tastes of the individual patrons; they also express the fashion of their particular eras. There are also discrepancies in quality, which vary from century to century. In the 14th century, the quality of the investigated murals cannot be compared to that of paintings in the court of the King. However, by the late 15th and 16th centuries, the quality of murals...
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The role of ABC transporter in clinical practise
Tornová, Petra ; Pávek, Petr (advisor) ; Čečková, Martina (referee)
The role of ABC transporters in clinical practice ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are a family of transporter proteins that contribute to drug resistance via ATP-dependent drug efflux pumps. There are seven subfamilies classified as ABC transporters (ABCA through ABCG) that are expressed in both normal and malignant cells. They are involved in the transport of many substances, including the excretion of toxins from the liver, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract, and they limit permeation of toxins to vital structures, such as the brain, placenta, and testis. The best-characterized transporter protein is MDR1/P-glycoprotein, and a number of clinical investigations have suggested that its intrinsic or acquired overexpression resulted in a poor clinical outcome of chemotherapy. Conventional cancer chemotherapy is seriously limited by the multidrug resistance (MDR) commonly exhibited by tumour cells. One mechanism by which a living cell can achieve multiple resistances is via the active efflux of a broad range of anticancer drugs through the cellular membrane. Various types of compounds and techniques for the reversal of ABC transporters mediated MDR have been developed, and efforts have concentrated on the inhibition of function and suppression of expression. Increased drug accumulation and...
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Using Weather Generators for the Assessment of the Impact of Climate Change in Catchments
Martínková, Marta ; Hanel, Martin (advisor) ; Máca, Petr (referee)
The main objective of this dissertation is to provide a novel approach to downscaling of outputs from regional climate models and to simulation of future climate. The resulting method consists of rain generator that operates in 6-hour time step. The generator performs well for the observational data.
It consists of following steps: disaggregation of 6-hour cumulative precipitation into convective and stratiform types, fitting of first order 3-state discrete time Markov chain to the data and simulation of long time series of precipitation. Then the mixture of log-normal and Generalized Pareto distribution is fitted to stratiform events and the Generalized extreme value distribution is fitted to convective events.
The impact of climate change on precipitation is evaluated by using change factors that are identified for precipitation occurrence (by comparing the transition matrices for the future and control period) and for precipitation amount (by comparing the scale and location parameters of distributions fitted for the future and control period). The observational data are then altered with obtained change factors.
From evaluation of observational data it stems that the average volume of an convective event is higher for the western region than for eastern region of the Czech Republic. Additionally, statistically significant trends in number and volume of convective events were identified for the region.
The relative portion of convective precipitation is the highest in summer for observational data.
From analysis of RCMs simulations, it stems that even though the overall precipitation is projected to be lower in future, the proportion of convective events (versus stratiform ones) would be higher. The number of convective events is projected to be lower in the future, while the volume of a convective event to be bigger.
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Mikrofinance v Mongolsku a v Centrální Asii
Turbat, Batbayar ; Janda, Karel (advisor) ; Leová, Simona (referee)
The theoretical literature on Microfinance claims that Microfinance methodology can help alleviate the poverty. Mongolia is one of the countries where Microfinance is implemented and said to be successful in building a deeper and broader access to financial services. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how well Microfinance is being implemented in Mongolia and what the current practice is and, most importantly, how well the microfinance methodology works. In order to answer the last question, data collected from the proximity of the Central Asian Region including Mongolia was used. Nowadays there are number of microfinance institutions operating Mongolia such as Xacbank, Credit Mongolia. Despite the previously informal microfinance bodies such pawnshops, it appears that there was still some room on the market for Microfinance to fit in. The achievements of these Microfinance institutions are remarkable given Mongolia's extremely low population density and weak infrastructure. Research on the effectiveness of microfinance methodologies are in demand. Therefore, this paper offers research on microfinance practices such as group lending, rural lending and targeting women as well. A panel data of 90 microfinance institutions in 8 countries from the region was used. The result is rather mixed. Targeting women and lending to the rural customers seem to be working. However, group lending is found to be increasing portfolio risk and while having no effect on the financial revenue and the profitability.
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The scholastic cheating of early adolescents: from exploratory research towards a structural model. A pilot study.
VRBOVÁ, Jana
The aim of this work is to investigate, which behaviour at school is perceived by early adolescents (age average 14-16 years) as cheating, whether it is possible to classify this behaviour into specific types (factors) and whether these can be linked with individual student variables (sex, GPA, number of missed classes, student goal orientation, worry, self-efficacy, and achievement value), as well as with the contextual variables (parents goal orientation, teachers goal orientation, satisfaction with the school, neutralization, peer cheating behaviour, and cheating punishment). The obtained data were statistically evaluated (N = 401). Using exploratory factor analysis based on students self-reporting the frequency of the behaviour classified as cheating, two types of dishonest behaviour were extracted: cheating (copying, hinting) and falsification (forgery of signatures, absences). Two student factors, school approach (motivation) and to school avoidance (amotivation) orientation, and two context factors, teachers and parents goal orientation, were extracted as predictors of cheating. Results showed that neither parents nor cheating punishment had significant influence on cheating and falsification. The structural model confirmed that a positive relationship with teachers goal orientation and GPA had the highest influence on falsification. Student avoidance to school, student approach to school, and teachers goal orientation had the highest influence on cheating. Cheating and falsification were well correlated. The values of regression coefficients remained similar after removing the parent factor from the model. The structural equation model explaining the relationship of latent endogenous cheating and falsification variables with the three latent exogenous variables (avoidance to school, approach to school and teachers goal orientation) and the three manifest variables (sex, GPA and peer cheating behaviour), fitted the data well. The model explained 42% of cheating variance and 39% of falsification variance
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Effecf school sports facilities on students' fitness
Pilař, Tomáš ; Hájek, Jeroným (advisor) ; Růžička, Ladislav (referee)
Cíl této práce je zjistit za pomoci standardizovaných motorických testů tělesnou zdatnost žáků na vybraných základních školách a porovnat výsledky respondentů mezi školami, které mají různý stupeň vybavenosti. Tyto školy budou rozděleny podle sportovní vybavenosti na špatně, dobře a výborně vybavené, přičemž faktory určující míru vybavenosti jsou obsaženy v hodnotící škále. Dále je také cílem porovnat výsledky tělesné zdatnosti respondentů vzhledem k normě pro ČR. - Dílčím cílem je též zjištění míry pohybové aktivity žáků mimo školní docházku a zájmu o zavedení jedné hodiny tělesné výchovy v týdnu navíc. Tyto informace získám vyhodnocením sestaveného dotazníku.
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Business plan of company foundation
Škarnitzlová, Kateřina ; Gebeltová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Jiří, Jiří (referee)
The primary aim of this bachelor´s thesis is to create an entrepreneurial intention to open a fitness centre. To achieve the main goal is necessary to analyse the business environment in the Czech Republic, to discover weakness of competing companies and to determine how big the chances of project success are.
The work was the study of literary sources and then extract them, competing firms analysis, interviews with entrepreneurs in the field of fitness, study available materials, which are relating to the business. Anticipated revenues, expenses and profit of the company´s business have been determined after finding relevant information. The final evaluate the profitability of investments were used formula based on met present value, internal rate of return and payback time.
These indicators came out very well, the project is advantageous and investment funds can be implemented to investing.
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The Difference between Planed and Real Measured Dose under the Bolus Made of New Material
KUKAČKOVÁ, Lucie
The first chapter of the theoretical part of the bachelor's thesis outlines radiotherapy in general. Radiotherapy is a clinical treatment using ionising radiation to treat malignant and benign diseases. It is one of the youngest medical disciplines. The development of radiotherapy began in November 1895, when Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovered X-rays. Radiotherapy became an independent medical specialty in 1922. The second chapter describes planning in radiotherapy. Irradiation plans for radiotherapy are created on the basis of a planning system. ECLIPSE planning system is used in the oncology department in České Budějovice Hospital. Phantoms are the theme of the third chapter. Phantoms are materials whose radiation absorption corresponds to human tissue. Water is a basic universal phantom material. In addition to water, also other materials are used, such as polystyrene, plexiglass, paraffin, PMMA etc. The last, fourth chapter of the theoretical part, deals with boluses. Boluses are tissue-equivalent materials that are put on the patient's skin during irradiation when it is needed to increase the surface dose and at the same decrease the depth dose. Moreover, bolus is used to compensate the missing tissue. Bolus is most often used to diagnose patients after mastectomy due to breast cancer. The most important characteristic of boluses is their ability to absorb radiation. In the oncology department in České Budějovice Hospital, bolus from dental wax Ceradent had been used before. A bolus made from this material was hard and uneasy to shape. That is why it did not fit tightly to the chest wall of the patient. For this reason a new line of boluses was obtained for the oncology department, from gel material supplied by CIVCO company with dimensions 30 x 30 cm and thickness 0.3 cm, 0.5 cm and 1 cm, in "skin" and "skinless" version. These new boluses stick easily to the patient's skin and copy the shape of the body. The first objective of my bachelor's thesis was to compare the doses planned and measured under the bolus from the new material. This objective is elaborated in the practical part of the bachelor's thesis in chapter presenting the results. Another objective was to elaborate the principles for the use of bolus. These principles are described in the theoretical part of the bachelor's thesis in chapter describing the use of bolus in radiotherapy. The following hypothesis was suggested in the thesis: "It can be assumed that the generated bolus in the planning system corresponds to the scanned bolus on the CT with patient and that there is a difference between the planned dose and measured one." To confirm or refute the working hypothesis, measuring was executed in the oncology department in České Budějovice Hospital. Data about individual doses were collected boluses generated in the Eclipse planning system of different width (0.3 cm, 0.5 cm, 1 cm) on phantoms. Three types of phantoms from PMMA were used for the purposes of this measuring. First, the measuring was executed on phantom in the shape of the chest wall of a patient after breast ablation. Then, the tabular phantom and universal IMRT verification phantoms were used. The measurement was executed on the Clinac 2100 C/D linear accelerator, later on the new TrueBeam 2.5. linear accelerator. All these doses were measured by ionisation chamber from PTW company with volume of 0.125cm3. The obtained data were processed in tables and deviations of individual doses were calculated. Based on this measurement it was found out that the deviations of all doses are less than 3%. And therefore also the hypothesis of the thesis was confirmed. There really is a difference between individual doses, but not so significant to affect the size of dose during the planning. As for the practical outcome, generated boluses will be used as standard in the oncology department in České Budějovice Hospital.
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Nová Evropská komise: Jaké priority pro „post-lisabonskou“ EU?
Hokovský, Radko
Nová Evropská komise, jejíž mandát by měl začít 1. února 2010, ponese výrazný kus odpovědnosti za další vývoj Evropské unie. Tu lze dnes označit jako „post-lisabonskou“ ze dvou důvodů. Rok 2010 měl završit posun EU do pozice nejkonkurenceschopnější znalostní ekonomiky světa díky tzv. Lisabonské strategii. A zároveň otevírá etapu fungování EU podle Lisabonské smlouvy. Tento dvojí smysl odkazu na portugalskou metropoli dobře vystihuje rozporuplnost situace, ve které se dnešní EU nachází: na jedné straně rizika ztělesněná dosavadním neúspěchem její Lisabonské strategie; na straně druhé příležitosti naznačené nalezením shody na relativně ambiciózní reformě jejího fungování v podobě Lisabonské smlouvy. Navržený tým udržuje nemalou kontinuitu s končící Komisí v personální rovině: 14 současných členů Komise by mělo pokračovat v dalším volebním období. Nikdo však nezůstal u svého dosavadního portfolia. Samotné vymezení portfolií doznalo řady změn. Na rozdíl od končící Komise nově navržená portfolia působí vyváženěji: kupříkladu dnes již téměř příslovečné portfolio „mnohojazyčnost“ je sloučeno s portfoliem vzdělávání, kultury a mládeže; naopak doposud velmi silnému portfoliu podnikání a průmyslu byly některé oblasti odebrány. Je to nepochybně dáno zejména tím, že se jedná o první Komisi, která je sestavována na základě konkrétních zkušeností s fungováním 27-členného kolegia. Komise Barroso I vznikla jen několik měsíců po přechodu z 20 členů na 25, další dva komisaři přibyli až v roce 2007 (což mimochodem vysvětluje právě ono slavné portfolio mnohojazyčnosti).
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Study of semiconductors by methods of laser spectroscopy
Dzurňák, Branislav ; Trojánek, František (advisor) ; Oswald, Jiří (referee) ; Herynková, Kateřina (referee)
Title: Study of semiconductors by methods of time resolved laser spectroscopy: Luminescence spectroscopy of nanocrystalline diamond Author: Branislav Dzurňák Department: Department of Chemical Physics and Optics Supervisor: doc. RNDr. František Trojánek, Ph.D. Abstract: The PhD thesis is focused on optical properties of nanocrystalline diamond prepared by chemical vapour deposition method. Photoluminescence of nanocrystalline diamond samples and effects of ambient temperature, pressure, pH and UV irradiation on it are studied by laser spectroscopy. Results suggest the keyrole of water and air adsorbates which affect the energy states in the sub-bandgap region of diamond. Photoluminescence decay of samples of different surface termination and structure and its dependency on ambient pressure and temperature is studied by methods of ultrafast (picosecond and nanosecond scale) laser spectroscopy. Results are analysed by power-law decay function which fits well the luminescence decay curves and also describes the dynamics of charge carriers in states localised within the bandgap. The model of interaction of nanocrystalline diamond with air adsorbates is proposed. Non-linear optical properties of nanocrystalline diamond are also studied, namely the generation of second and third harmonic frequency. The thesis...
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