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Impact of the application of the insecticides on the diversity of ground beetles (Carabidae) in a winter rape stand
KEPL, Lukáš
This thesis deals with the determination of the direct impact of spraying on soil invertebrates by comparing the treated and untreated surfaces by spraying with plant protection products. The experiment took place in crop of winter oilseed rape in the western part of South Bohemia in spring 2012. As bio-indicators were used ground beetles beetles (Carabidae). Trapping was conducted using pitfall traps. In this work we compared the difference in the occurrence of ground beetles in treated and untreated crop of winter oilseed rape and subsequent tree alley. Only 15% of beetles was recorded sprayed areas, 69% in untreated areas and and 16% in the alley. This suggests the direct impact of spraying on non-target organisms. That's followed by a second experiment, which aim was to determine the long-term effects of intensive farming on ground beetle populations in habitats related to reporting rape field. The selected habitats were meadow, pasture, alley, ruderals and riparian vegetation. The results indicated the inportance of the biotops consequent to field as tthe refugium and the center of spreading of groujd beetles to the field where they provide ecosystem service of biological control.
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The incidence of secondary tumors after irradiation for carcinoma of the uterine body.
TESAŘOVÁ, Lenka
ANNOTATION: Malignant tumours of the corpus uteri are among the most frequently occurring gynaecological conditions. Endometrial carcinoma represents 96{--}98% of all malignities in corpus uteri tumours. Occurrence of this condition in the Czech Republic: in 2007, 1726 new cases were diagnosed, which represents approximately 32.7 cases per 100 thousand women. Almost 75% of the patients are diagnosed in the first stage of the disease. The age median of the patients with a diagnosed tumour of the corpus uteri is 61 years. Secondary tumours occur from mutations several years after radiation exposure. They result from the previously administered chemotherapy or radiotherapy leading to the damage to the genetic information in the cells. The mutation affects the cells that relate to the formation of secondary malignities. The aim of my bachelor{\crq}s thesis is to find out about the occurrence of the secondary tumour with cancer of the corpus uteri among those who received radiotherapy at the Department of Oncology at Hospital České Budějovice between years 1978-98. In my thesis I evaluated the number of secondary tumours, time of their occurrence, relative risks, and whether they are located within or outside the irradiated field. The thesis is divided in two main parts: a theoretical part where I deal with the tumour itself, radiotherapy, and radiobiology; and a practical part that presents concrete statistics issuing from the aim of my work. I found out that secondary tumours occur more frequently outside the irradiated area. The results suggest that secondary tumours may occur from the effects of the ionising radiation on the organism. This probably relates to the fact that there are lethal changes within the area exposed to radiation whereas in areas receiving low doses of radiation the cells are damaged, which may, after many years, lead to the occurrence of secondary tumours. I chose this topic also to emphasise the fact that besides the curing of the primary tumour one also needs to pay attention to dispensing a routine that may aid the early detection of further tumours
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Versatile use of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry in drug metabolism studies
Suchanová, Bohumila ; Wsól, Vladimír (advisor) ; Solich, Petr (referee) ; Lemr, Karel (referee)
Human organism has always been exposed to a vast array of chemicals encountered in the environment. Chemical revolution has significantly influenced biological evolution of humans leading to serious unpredictable toxicities. In response to continual chemical stress they have developed a variety of enzymes to transform these xenobiotics. Xenobiotics are mostly highly lipophilic and cannot readily be excreted from the body without metabolism to more hydrophilic, water-soluble metabolites. Not only environmental chemicals represent xenobiotics but also drugs, dietary components etc. Biotransformation studies play an important role in the drug discovery and development process. Usually data from drug metabolism is required before a new substance can advance towards the development stages of a new therapeutic agent. Data on metabolism is frequently used to optimize drug candidates, suggest more active compounds or support toxicology studies. The increased flux of new chemical entities into drug discovery has placed an increased need for fast and reliable information on the metabolism of these substances. Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry can meet demands for rapid drugs and metabolites analysis imposed by modern drug discovery strategies. This dissertation thesis presents an evidence...
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Rodina auxinových přenašečů PIN: funkční a evoluční pohled
Skůpa, Petr ; Zažímalová, Eva (advisor) ; Hejátko, Jan (referee) ; Opatrný, Zdeněk (referee)
Growth and development of plant body is dependent on correct and effective integration of information about current deployment of its body parts, as well as on perception and transduction of inputs from environment. Multiple developmental processes within plant body are determined by specific and tightly controlled distribution of molecule with unique signaling mission within plant development - auxin. Spatial distribution of auxin is co-determined by plethora of tightly controlled processes, and the polar auxin transport plays unique role among them. PIN proteins are the plant-specific family of secondary transporters driving movement of auxin across membranes. With their frequent asymmetrical localization within cells, specific expression patterns in developing tissues and their reactiveness to external cues they secure unique, dynamic and asymmetric distribution of auxin within the plant body. This dissertation thesis is focused on characterization of the role different PIN proteins play in determining cellular auxin homeostasis and consequent formation of auxin gradients. Controlled overexpression of PIN proteins in tobacco cells showed, that PIN4 and to some extent also PIN6, function as the direct auxin efflux carriers. In the cellular auxin transport they play the role analogous to other...
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Examining the significance of peptides regulating the intake of food and the nutritional state of children and adolescents
Bronský, Jiří ; Průša, Richard (advisor) ; Pelouch, Václav (referee) ; Hyánek, Josef (referee)
Introduction: Regulation of food intake and nutritional status is mediated by complex interactions of regulatory peptides of the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract and adipose tissue. These systems are connected by feedback loops which inform the centre about amount of ingested food and energy reserves in the organism. Dysfunction of any of these regulatory areas may lead to changes in nutritional status of the organism. Methods: We used radioimmunoassay to measure plasma levels of orexin A, total ghrelin and serum levels of leptin and enzyme immunoassay to measure serum levels of adiponectin in healthy subjects and in children with obesity, anorexia nervosa, Crohn's disease and celiac disease and we evaluated the influence of nutritional therapy on these levels. Moreover, we evaluated relationship of these regulatory peptides to other biochemical and anthropometrical factors of nutritional status. We also measured plasma levels of total and unreduced amylin by enzyme immunoassay with immunofluorescence detection in adult patients with osteoporosis, type II diabetes mellitus and in the control group. Results: During reduction of body weight in obese children and adolescents, there were statistically significant changes of plasma orexin A levels and total ghrelin levels, but we haven't seen any...
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Analysis of the Quality of Cooperation between the Selected Health Facilities and Public Health Protection Authority in the Detection and Reporting of Sexually Transmitted Diseases.
ŠVECOVÁ, Pavla
My theses deal with evaluation of the level of cooperation among chosen medical facilities and organs protecting public health (OOVZ) in the area of detection and reporting some of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) in Strakonice region. The main objective was to characterize the quality of this cooperation on the basis of an analysis of laboratory-proven, clinically confirmed, reported and then demonstrated cases of STDs. It concerned chlamydial infections, urogenital diseases caused by mycoplasma, syphilis and gonococcal infections in 2005 - 2011. Research data were obtained from the microbiology laboratory information system of the Central Laboratories of Hospital Strakonice, Inc. Then all the medical facilities of the surrounding area, which took biological material and sent it for examination to the microbiological laboratory of Hospital Strakonice, were contacted. In qualitative research two research questions were formulated: whether the laboratory-positive cases of selected sexually transmitted diseases are also confirmed clinically and whether the laboratory and clinically confirmed diseases are reported in all cases to OOVZ and assigned in health information systems services. All positive laboratory findings were also verified and confirmed clinically. The research proved that in all cases were reported classical sexually transmitted infections (syphilis and gonorrhea). The established system of cooperation between microbiological laboratories, national reference laboratories, dermatovenerological consultant, venereological screening nurse and the Public Health Service is very functional. In contrast, other selected sexually transmitted diseases, which are diagnosed by specialists other than dermatovenerologists, are reported in fewer cases.
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The Dependence of the Duration of a Comprehensive Fire Control Carried out by the State Supervision of the South County Fire Rescue Czech Budejovice district on the Number of Detected Faults over the Past 5 Years
KOŠŤÁL, Filip
The bachelor thesis on the topic Dependence of duration of complex fire inspection performed within the State Fire Inspection of the Fire Rescue Department of South Bohemia in České Budějovice District on the number of found failures within the last 5 years focuses on the number of performed one-day or two-day complex fire inspections and the number of the failures found and determination of dependence between these values. Information on performed complex fire inspections obtained from the Fire Rescue Department archive should demonstrate the dependence of several-day fire inspections on the increased number of failures. There is a summary of the present legal standards and definition of the basic terms related to the issue of inspection activities of state fire inspection bodies, the Fire Rescue Department and the inspected subjects there. The result section deals with an analysis of the obtained values of performed complex fire inspections per individual years and summarizes the information into a complex outline, including comparison of the average number of failures related to a single fire inspection. The obtained values of the dependence of duration of complex fire inspection on the number of found failures will be used for optimization of the state fire inspection and maintenance of the safety standard in all human activities.
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The influence of Jan Kubisz' work on the identity and cultural awareness of three generations of těšínské Slezsko
Kurová, Jana ; Benešová, Michala (advisor) ; Junek, Marek (referee)
The purpose of this paper is to find the level of influence of Kubisz' work on the identity and cultural awareness of three generations of the Tesin region of Silesia. For this purpose there has been depicted consequent methodological basis that advert to terms and theories which I use in the following part of this paper. I have as well depicted a brief historical-cultural development and introduced a person called Jan Kubisz. In orter to prove the level of influence of the author's work on self-identification of local people, I present in the ending chapters merit and results of the study that I have realized in the Tesin region of Silesia. At the end of the paper I summarise my findings. Keywords Teschenian Silesia, Region, Kubisz, Influence, Identity
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Relationship between body condition and production traits in cattle
Smolíková, Barbora ; Hofmanová, Barbora (advisor) ; Majzlík, Ivan (referee)
This thesis summarizes findings from research on influence of the body condition on production traits in cattle. The body condition is indirect indicator of negative energy balance and it has informational character about overall conformation of a cow. Managing body condition allows to influencing production traits. Lower body condition score is associated with higher milk yield, though the content of milk components (fat, protein, lactose) is in positive correlation with higher body condition. This is reflected especially in high yielding cows that have low body condition and high milk production, but problems with reproduction. Mature size, muscularity and fertility positive correlate with body condition. Increasing body condition improves reproductive performance. Particularly open days seem to be a great indicator of total herd fertility. Too thin or fat cows have lower efficiency. However it is necessary look out body condition more in thin cows, where worse efficiency is more shown and health problems threaten.
Results of studies indicate that it is possible to use body condition score as selection criteria for indirect improvement of some traits. Optimal body condition can improve economic viability of cattle breeding.
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