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Criminalistic theory of a crime victim (criminalistic victimology)
Konvičková, Hana ; Musil, Jan (advisor) ; Krupička, Jiří (referee)
Criminalistic study of crime victims (criminalistic victimology) In this thesis I try to briefly outline some of the most important issues and topics concerning criminalistic victimology. I address both how the victim affects the crime itself and its investigation, but also how the crime investigation affects the victim. When investigating a specific criminal act, there are two major conflicting goals we try to achieve; to investigate as thoroughly and effectively as we can, and to avoid secondary victimization of the victim. Both professional and attentive approach is vital to criminalistics as a whole, not just criminalistic victimology. A successful investigation depends in many cases greatly on whether and how the victim cooperates, and that in turn depends on how the victims and the general public view the police, the courts, and other criminal justice authorities. It is therefore necessary to understand the victim, to comprehend their role in the formation of the criminal act, and to ensure their confidence in the criminal justice. This thesis opens with a brief summary of the subject's history, afterwards it explains the key concepts and expressions found in the paper. It then carries on to deal with the victim's part in the creation and preservation of evidence and in reporting the criminal act. The...
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Criminalistic Study of Crime Victims (Criminalistic Victimology)
Fereš, David ; Musil, Jan (advisor) ; Krupička, Jiří (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to briefly introduce criminalistic victimology and characterise victim of a crime. Text is composed of six chapters, concerning different aspects of the topic. First two deal with the science of criminalistic victimology. Following two examine role of victim during criminal investigation according to criminalistic victimology. Last two chapters reflect position of victim in contemporary czech criminal law. The first chapter defines basic terminology used in criminalistic victimology, different to terms of criminal law. The second chapter documents origins and evolution of criminalistic victimology and its place among related disciplines. The third chapter is focused on the object of criminalistic victimology, i.e. victim's role in criminal investigation. It is further divided in nine parts examining relation of victim and offender, victim's role in genesis of criminal situation, victim as originator and carrier of forensic evidence, significance of victim for criminal investigation, victim as crime reporter and witness with focus on question of credibility, participation of victim during other investigative measures and finally expert examination of victim. The fourth chapter concentrates on the issue of secondary harm caused by inappropriate behaviour towards victim during...
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Assistance to victims of crime
Bechtinová, Natálie ; Jelínek, Jiří (advisor) ; Vanduchová, Marie (referee)
The chosen topic for this MastersThesis is "Assistance to Victims of Crime" - primarily due to its growing social significance. Society as a whole should not turn a blind eye to the serious impact of crime, focusing only on the punishment of convicted criminals; it should also focus on assistance to those harmed and affected by crime. Criminals usually commit crimes with a strong conscious awareness of their misbehaviour, while victims have no similar expectation; for them, a criminal event is like something "out of the blue". The shocking and traumatic impact following the crime, is something unbelievable for one who never had such an experience; hence, the return back to normal life is often very difficult for victims of crime. A society which aspires to be modern and developed should make this return as easy as possible, implementing a series of measures in the field of assistance. My goal was to describe the possibilities which exist in this area but also to concentrate on the current legislation, especially on new rights being brought into practice by the new Victims of Crime Assistance Act No 45/2013 Coll. The Thesis consists of eight chapters including an Introduction and a Conclusion. The first part is dedicated to victimology, a part of criminology that comprises a scientific study focused on...
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Criminalistic theory of a crime victim (criminalistic victimology)
Junková, Anna ; Musil, Jan (advisor) ; Konrád, Zdeněk (referee)
70 Criminalistic theory of a crime victim (criminalistic victimology) Abstract Presented dissertation deals with the crime victim as an object of forensic interest. It briefly introduces the science known as forensic victimology. This science is relatively new and is still looking for its place amongst related disciplines, especially general victimology and criminology. Victim has a very important part in the process of investigation. Victim can participate on the genesis of the crime. It can leave traces on the crime scene or on a offender's body. It also has an important role as a carrier of the traces - material traces on victim's body, cloths or personal belongings and mental traces in the shape of memories in the victim's mind. Getting this informations from victim can be essential for a process of investigation. Although the victim is mostly motivated to cooperate with the investigators, the investigators must keep in mind that the position of the victim is very sensitive and approach it with tact and discretion. In the first part of the dissertation the term victim is explained and further analyzed. The history of victimology is briefly presented from its early beginnings in 1940s to this days. The second part deals with a victim's role in an investigation. It is divided into four parts - victim's...
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Criminalistic theory of a crime victim
Biňovec, Adam ; Musil, Jan (advisor) ; Konrád, Zdeněk (referee)
Resumé This master's thesis deals with the field of forensic study of crime victims, also known as forensic victimology. The aim of this text is to draw attention to issues of this field and to discuss crucial topics based on their practicality, incidence or tendency to be incorrectly interpreted. That includes, among others, the relationship of forensic victimology to related disciplines, especially general victimology as its foundation, their development, utility of victimological knowledge and methods in criminalist practice, status of victims in the process of crime reporting, as carriers of forensic trails, the phenomenon of victim pretending from the perspective of practice and its contrast with the media image etc. It also aims to emphasize the need for sensitive, but unemotional approach to the victims, which makes it possible to perceive them with sufficient respect; this means to see them not only as a piece of evidence, but as persons in a very complicated and difficult situation when inappropriate and/or insensitive approach may lead to a number of negative consequences, in particular, but not limited to, supporting the victim mentality and increasing the victim's risk of repeated victimization in the future. It is however also necessary to maintain proper efficiency of the relevant authority...
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Victimisation and Assistence for Victims of Crime
Hofrichter, Tomáš ; Gřivna, Tomáš (advisor) ; Novotný, Oto (referee)
The aim of my dissertation is to describe in detail the issue of victim of crime. The thesis is composed of seven chapters which include three main topics. The first three chapters create general introduction to the subject, its matter of interest, present historical overview, explain the general terms of the topic, such as victimology, damage, victimity etc., define the subject of victimology and describe the possible factors of the relation between victim and trespasser, their mutual interaction during and after the criminal act. Chapter four concentrates on the negative aftereffects created during the criminal investigation process, which is called victimization. This chapter is divided into four subsections (primary victimization, secondary victimization, tertiary victimization and revictimization). The fifth chapter focuses on assistance to the victim and ways of obtainable compensation. The chapter mainly deals with family assistance, psychological assistance and social assistance. In connection with the psychological assistance, the chapter gives a brief overview on Bílý kruh bezpečí (White Circle of Safety), its activities and work methodology. This chapter also deals with rights of victims and protection of witnesses. The chapter six describes current Czech proposal of the Act on Victim of...
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Edukation of Police Officers on issues of victim assistance
SVOBODA, Petr
This thesis deals with the training of police officers on issues of victim assistance. Its mission is to develop a theoretical introduction with a focus on victims of crime from the perspective of science, then map the system of assistance and training of police officers in the area of victims of crime and help mediated in collaboration with external organizations. An integral part of the work is also adequately describe the appropriate way of dealing with victims of police officers, furthermore, based on a questionnaire survey to analyze the assistance of police officers to victims of crime in terms of legal and psychological aspects of their behavior and knowledge according to length of service. This analysis will draw some conclusions and the for this issue will be designed methodical plan aimed at expanding the knowledge of police officers for assistance to victims of crime.
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Child Sexual Abuse
HROBAŘOVÁ, Petra
My work deals with child sexual abuse problems. My theoretical part concentrates on explanations of key words connecting with child abuse and its legal definition, forms of sexual abuse and then on prevention of this phenomenon and victimology. The second part devotes to the perpetrator and the victim, together with child abuse symptoms, child sexual abuse accomodation symptons and posttraumatic stress disorder. The practical part contains two casuistries/case reports. The first one is concentrated on intrafamily child sexual abuse and the second one on the posttraumatic stress disorder. The common signs of theory and practice are defined at the end of both of the case reports.
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The concept of possible help to crime victims
DUŠÁKOVÁ, Lucie
The victims of crime are helped in the Czech Republic not only by public authorities such as police, prosecutors or curts, but also by nonprofit organizations and clinics. They assist the victims not only to cope with the mental trauma but also to claim thein rights (for example the right to compensation). There are currently many such organizations offering psychological or legal adice in our country. Neither all victims not all potential victims from the public are Avare of these type sof assistance. Not everyone in the immediate vicinity of the victims konws, how to treat them, how to communicate with them or how to help them. People´s awareness of helping organizations is reported in the quantitative research carried out on potential victims, who are all of us.
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