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Changes of the gene concept in the first half of the 20th century
Hájková, Jana ; Neubauer, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Vondrejs, Vladimír (referee) ; Šimůnek, Michal (referee)
This dissertation shows various concepts of the term gene that have appeared since the birth of genetics in 1900 up to the first half of the 50s. It focuses especially on the 40s and the beginning of the 50s. Scientific papers from that period were the main source of information. The author tried to capture not only generally accepted notions about genes and genic action but also those that had not pushed through in those days, nevertheless, that had offered a non- standard point of view which could have later become inspirative for molecular genetics. The work documents searching for links between genes and enzymes or ideas of potential divisibility of the gene. The dissertation assigns a very important role to those phenomena that emphasized the significance of the gene order or the order of genic parts. In Goldschmidt's interpretation of pseudoallelism the author sees the thought that the essence of a gene is its position and considers this the beginnings of "digital" thinking about the gene. The dissertation pays attention to "analogue" thinking about the gene, as well. This thinking took account of molecular shaping and represented a blind alley for the early molecular genetics. The work confirms to a certain extent the Kuhnian vision of the development of scientific disciplines. It finds the...
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Professor Václav Vojtíšek: archivist from monarchy to socialism
Vaško, Pavel ; Čechurová, Jana (advisor) ; Pokorná, Magdaléna (referee)
This thesis deals with archivist and collage professor Václav Vojtíšek. It's structured chronologically with few thematic areas and was written mainly by positivistic method. Thesis draws from large base of archive resources and published materials. The goal of this thesis is to map Vojtíšek's academical and archivistic career during several regimes. It's not only concentrating on his professional career, but also depicts biographical themes. Key words Václav Vojtíšek, history of science, archivistic, Auxiliary Historical Science, Charles University, Czechoslovak science and art academy.
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Dedication as a Symbolic Code of Loyalties in Science during the Enlightenment and Pre-1848 Periods
Smyčka, Václav
The study is based on quantitative as well as qualitative research on nonfiction published between the 1780s and the 1840s, which captures how the genre of dedications developed over time. The source materials are interpreted in reference to a concept of loyalty that understands it as a social code that creates a reciprocal relationship between the autor, a social authority or patron, and the public. The code therefore serves as a means of negotiating the mutual positions of all three actors.
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Principle of Georg Buquoy's philosophical outlook in the context of romantic science
MORAWETZ, Michal
This diploma thesis deals with the basic principles of Georg Buquoy's (1781-1851) philosophy, which were presented in his unpublished treatise Kern meiner philosophischen Grundansicht. Buquoy's ideas are interpreted in the context of contemporary scientific discourse in the Czech lands. Attention is also drawn to Buquoy's foreign inspiration sources. The explication of Buquoy's ideas is based on the theory of intellectual history, with special focus on the interrelationship between natural sciences and humanities and the esotericism of the late 18th and the first half of the 19th century.
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Emigration of Scholars in Documents
Josefovičová, Milena ; Hálek, Jan
The contribution deals with the source base to the problems of emigration of Czech scientists at the turn of 1960s and 1970s. It analyses documents related to the decision making processes at the level of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia and consequently of the Presidium of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences (CSAS), where there are described from the regime’s point of view "undesirable phenomena", such as illegal departures of scientists abroad or their non-returning, influence of propaganda, overestimation of the "Western" economic motivations, etc. The documents contain proposals of resolving the situation including specification of the particular tasks. Implementation of the accepted steps and its impact is demonstrated by other documents coming from the different CSAS institutes.
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