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Lead-Free Voids Cause Mechanisms and Influence on Reliability
Šimon, Vojtěch ; Špinka, Jiří (referee) ; Starý, Jiří (advisor)
The aim of this work is to analyze reliability of lead-free solder join, in particular the voids generated during the soldering process. The main target of the theoretical part of the work is to isolate basic mechanisms of formation of the voids and optimize the soldering process. The practical part of the paper is based on monitoring the count and size of the voids in a solder join. An X-Ray tomograph has been chosen as a non-destructive method of detection. The statistical part of this work compares conventional soldering of the entire board with local soldering by IR radiation.
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Locating welds defects on cranes.
Zíka, Luboš ; Hála, Michal (referee) ; Kubíček, Jaroslav (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with the problematics of weld defects of cranes localisation and check. The aim is to analyse non-destructive methods, monitor the occurence of defects and their form and also to suggest the procedure of correction. The work is divided into a theoretical and practical part. In the theoretical part, there is an analysis of individual methods of non-destructive testing that are used for weld check on a particular girder. There is also an analysis of welding technologies used when making a crane girder. The practical part deals with evaluation of weld defects using two methods of non-destructive testing. Furthermore, statistics of defects is realised. In conclusion, the statistics outcome is resumed and evaluated.
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Design of metal detector and X-ray luggage scanner
Fridrichová, Eva ; Paliatka, Peter (referee) ; Zvonek, Miroslav (advisor)
Subject of this Diploma thesis is the design of metal detector and luggage X-ray screening. The thesis concerns with design of frame metal detector and luggage x-ray with focus on visual appeal, keeping of functional elements and concept of construction solution. Main objective is to find solution how to connect aesthetic, ergonomic and technical aspect. Complete analysis leads to design of metal detector and luggage X-ray screening. These appliances then appeal as compact system with uniform design. Also the machines can be used separately. Design of this system of appliances is solved through ergonomic, psychologic, technical and aesthetic aspects.
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Security Conception of Brno Turany Airport
Loučka, Karel ; Sedláček, Jaromír (referee) ; Janík, Radomír (advisor)
In my thesis I address improvement of safety system of an international airport in Brno-Turany. I perform an analysis of current legislative safety needs and description of EU airport issues. I define particular safety requirements in reference to Brno-Turany airport. In the last part of my paper I suggest safety system that takes advantage of up to date technologies and recommendation to secure safety.
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Modern trends in radiographic procedures and methods in defectoscopy
Skřivánková, Vendula ; Vlašic, František (referee) ; Juliš, Martin (advisor)
Presented thesis deals with modern trends and techniques in radiographic methods of crack detection which are recently used in engineering practice. In the first part, conventional (analogue) radiography principles based on creating a visible image of tested object to radiographic film are discussed. The next part is aimed to the digital radiography and radioscopy. To digitize existing X-ray film images, application of storage phosphor plates (CR), flat panels (DR) and computed tomography (CT).
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Detection methods of energetic materials
Procházka, Michal ; Diviš, Pavel (referee) ; Friedl, Zdeněk (advisor)
A research on current methods of detection of explosives and related materials was made. At first the thesis studies methods of detection and analysis of explosives including chromatographic methods (TLC, GC, HPLC, IC), mass spectrometry and its variations, ion mobility spectrometry and infra-red spectroscopy. Next the attention is placed on detection of explosives in solid phase by X-ray detection, nuclear magnetic and quadrupole resonance and thermal neutron activation. Practical applications of these methods are of great importance in this thesis as well as their usage in the counterterrorist fight.
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The role of radiology in children hip screening in Pelhřimov Hospital, c. o.
CHADIMOVÁ, Jana
The topic of this thesis is to compare the use of imaging methods in children hip screening and to find out the presence of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in Pelhřimov Hospital. DDH is the most common musculoskeletal developmental defect which affects approximately 5% of newborns. It includes an impaired development of acetabulum, femoral head, poor centering into the acetabulum or disproportionate extent of joint movement. DDH is being formed by interaction of genetic factors and external causes. If DDH occurs in the family, the risk neonate increases significantly. The most serious stage of this defect is hip dislocation, but we often meet a lighter form of this defect, which is called shallow acetabulum. The Czech Republic established a system of consecutive check-ups of neonates and infants. It was created on the base of Methodological Sheet of the Ministry of Health from 1996. These examinations are carried out in three stages. During these examinations, ultrasound plays a very important role. The most common method, also used in Pelhřimov Hospital, is the method of Austrian professor Graf. This method evaluates findings and classifies them into groups. After the first year of age, when ossification of structures is nearly completed, the findings cannot be evaluated by this method. X-ray examination is applied in case of diagnostic uncertainties - especially when planning subsequent treatment in children with DDH diagnosis. Imaging methods are applied to determine anatomical reposition obstacles after an unsuccessful primary reposition. We can use ultrasound, magnetic resonance, but we prefer arthrography. Arthrography is more invasive method, but unlike the others, it has got an important advantage: it can also be a therapeutic method. The theoretical part deals with anatomy, development and growth of the hip joint. I also present etiology and history of this developmental defect. The following part deals with a description of the system of clinical check-ups and diagnostics of DDH. Another part of the theoretical work is devoted to individual imaging modalities - ultrasound, X-ray, magnetic resonance and arthrography. Imaging modalities are a very specific part of radiodiagnostic. Paediatric patients are not small adults, their imaging should be restricted to a minimum and it has got its own specifics. The examination must be performed quickly and accurately, in order not to have to be repeated. Options of therapy varies according to the severity of the hip joint. A small damage of the hip joint is solved by a conservative way using various abduction tools like abduction package, Frejk duvet or Pavlík calipers. More serious cases need to be solved by hospitalization, using distraction therapy or surgery. The aim of this work was to analyze the number of paediatric patients, to find out what kind of imaging methods were indicated and performed and to compare the presence of congenital defect of the hip according to sex within Pelhřimov Hospital. The hypothesis of this thesis was formulated as follows: In paediatric hip screening examination in Pelhřimov Hospital presence of congenital defect of the hip is higher in girls than in boys. The purpose of this thesis was to create a comprehensive text dealing with the use of imaging methods in detecting developmental defects of paediatric hip. The theoretical part of this work may serve as information material for professionals and the results can be used as statistical material.
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Examination of the urogenital system Hospital Department of Radiology Jablonec nad Nisou p.o.
MENŠÍKOVÁ, Věra
The bachelor thesis named Examination of the urogenital system Radiodiagnostics Hospital Jablonec nad Nisou c. o. deals with methods of examination of the genitourinary system and creates a list and description of each method, using at these examinations. A radiology assistant is a non medical healthcare expert who uses their theoretical and practical knowledge gained during their university study in the fields of radiodiagnostics, radiotherapy and nuclear medicine. Radiology assistants are erroneously perceived both by other medical personnel and by lay public as technical workers. However, they are also medics who must be able to manipulate with highly sophisticated equipment but also provide medical care to the patients in full scale. As regards radiodiagnostics, the radiology assistants' task is to carry out the examination itself and obtain graphic documentation thereof. Radiology assistants ensure examination and handling of the equipment and they assist the doctor radiologist during more exacting intervention procedures. Radiology assistants' job is highly erudite and people working with ionising radiation must strictly abide by the laws and regulations stipulating strict rules and requirements which each radiology assistant must meet when they want to perform this activity. Radiology assistants' approach must help reduce the radiation burden of the population. It is logical, that the technological development goes hand in hand with higher examination yield and the ALARA principle is generally adhered to and applied in all examinations. If we strive to decrease the radiation dose, it is necessary to use an optimum amount of contrast agents. At the beginning of the thesis, there is a detailed description of urogenital system anatomy and physiology whose knowledge is a must when one wants to work in this field. Imaging methods described in the thesis range from the simplest ones to the most complex ones, both as regards the examination time and pursuant to specifications associated with individual examination types. The examination should be carried out from the least invasive examination procedures to the most complex ones. The methodics is based on gathering, study and subsequent analysis of the obtained data. Data from years 2009 2013 obtained at the radiodiagnostic ward of Nemocnice Jablonec nad Nisou p.o. hospital was gathered for this purpose. Investigations are divided into a number of men and women undergoing these tests. Investigative methods are compared, and evaluated that prevail, and from which they are abandoned prevail and which are being gradually abandoned. For the purpose of my thesi. The gathered data was processed into tables and synoptic graphs. Information from expert books, articles and verified Internet sources were used in the bachelor thesis. Results of my study confirmed the research question, the number of patients who undergo examinations of the urogenital system Radiodiagnostics Hospital Jablonec nad Nisou after rising. Preference tests are noninvasive and greater diagnostic yield. It is also found, however, that certain examination still have their place and are being replaced by another method. This example of hysterosalpingography. The aim of the thesis was to create an overview and description of individual radiodiagnostic methods in uropoetic system examinations and analysis of data from radio diagnostic department Hospital Jablonec nad Nisou regarding the examination of the urogenital system. The number of examinations in the radiodiagnostic ward is rising and the demands placed on a radiodiagnostic assistant are also continuously increasing from both physical and mental point of view. Radiology assistants are obliged to improve their knowledge and skills actively by means of training sessions and self study.
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Monitoring the effects of new exposure parameters after transition to CR digital image processing in the Radiodiagnostic Department at Sušice Hospital, o.p.s.
KLIMENT, Karel
At the current time, doses of radiation caused by medical exposure make up the largest part of peoples' exposure to artificial sources of ionising radiation (SIR). Every medical exposure must be justified as of benefit to the individual subject to it. Radiation protection at the workplace is subject to the principle of optimisation. One of the paths leading to optimisation of radiation protection is the specification of the Local Diagnostic Reference Level (LDRL). The objective of this thesis was to test and evaluate whether and how transition to indirect digitisation affects image quality. According to model examinations on a water phantom, the lowest possible dose for which image quality would be preserved was to be determined. If the dose could be reduced, it would be possible to specify a new LDRL. The dose can be reduced, amongst other things, by making appropriate adjustment to exposure parameters on the control unit. I tested how changes in the exposure parameters set affected the quality of the resulting image. I used the water phantom for each examination which corresponded to the thickness of the area to be examined for a standard patient. For constant default voltage, first of all changes to the settings were made to reduced blackening and increase electrical charge. Subsequently, voltage was increased and reduced with a constant blackening level. Image quality was evaluated according to the measured values for noise, and high and low contrast resolution. I used the results to determine recommendations for specific examinations in terms of exposure parameters to be set. I worked out the LDRL for the new exposure parameter settings and compared it to the current LDRL values at the workplace and with the NDRL (National Diagnostic Reference Level).
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