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About Risks Resulting from the Legalisation of Euthanasia
Břeň, Jan ; Jirsa, Jakub (advisor) ; Špinka, Štěpán (referee)
In the thesis titled About Risks Resulting from the Legalization of Euthanasia I outline several utilitarian arguments in favor of legalizing euthanasia and further arguments to refute the idea of its legalization. The fundamental argument against legalization of euthanasia or physician- assisted suicide is based on the refusal of these utlitarian tendencies and on Kant's conception of dignity as it can be found in his Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, along with a secular conception of the idea of the sanctity of human life. Beside other things is discussed also the question of whether philosophy has its rightful place in the discussion about the legalization of euthanasia at all or the relationship between euthanasia and palliative care.
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The Relationship of Hedonism and Humanism
Jerman, Ondřej ; Jirsa, Jakub (advisor) ; Švec, Ondřej (referee)
The diploma thesis discusses the relationship between humanism and hedonism. However, its main objective is not to explain the terms in their summarized historical relatedness but to point out their internal coherence. The fundamental issue the thesis deals with is the fact that sentient beings suffer from sorrow. Enumerating the reasons why it is important to search for a solution would be a waste of our reader's time. It is necessary to understand that we don't expect empirical science to solve the problem since - despite the enthusiasm significant for this modern period - has not introduced any relief from sorrow. Here comes the opportunity for philosophy and, eventually, ethics. In its first part the thesis maps out the context of humanism and hedonism, studies their apparent as well as hidden nature, and lays the conceivable foundations of humanistic hedonism. The following section suggests a set of particular steps. Adhering to these instructions makes it possible to experience delight and to eliminate sorrow.
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Transcending egoism through utilitarianism
Vaškovic, Petr ; Jirsa, Jakub (advisor) ; Hill, James (referee)
This bachelor's thesis transcending egoism through utilitarianism deals with the problem of egoism in connection to moral acts, especially in connection to the motivation of moral action. Main focus of the thesis is on the problem of egoism, which seems to be one of the main motivating powers, usually negative, that is preventing individual from following his moral judgment. Transcending the negative influence of egoism is possible through adopting a certain impersonal viewpoint. This tendency, namely the aspiration to achieve an impersonal viewpoint can be found in utilitarianism. Utilitarianism in its foundations works with an Epicurean, therefore more or less egoistically hedonistic view of morality, with a tendency of an individual to follow pleasure and avoid pain. Impersonal character of utilitarianism, that aspect of utilitarianism, which is capable of transcending egoism, is the aspect which will be most important for this thesis. The ability of utilitarianism to transcend the personal viewpoint will be the core of the argument, which will help us in transcending egoism. Keywords Ethics, egoism, motivation, utilitarianism, Bentham, Mill, Scheffler, Hare
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G. Lipovetsky: The Painless Ethics
Pavelcová, Tereza ; Jirsa, Jakub (advisor) ; Čapek, Jakub (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to follow and to critically interpret the proposition about the development of ethics and morality in the work of Gilles Lipovetsky both on specific examples from the history of ethics and its contemporary reflections. The thesis should clarify in what cases is his philosophical and sociological diagnosis, analysis and prediction justified and where it is on the contrary problematic and why. Lipovetsky's proposition in his book The Twilight of Duty is that contemporary moral "boom" is actually a shock and not only a comeback or a revitalization of the traditional morality. It would be no exaggeration to say that contemporary morality is definitely leaving the traditional one behind. The ambition of the thesis is also to give a formulation of the character and typical manifestation of Lipovetsky's "postmoral ethics of the third type" with neither religious nor lay basis in form of duty. The thesis is aware of the tension between the ethical ardor and decadence, the incitements to individualism and the demands of society, in short the tension between responsible and irresponsible ethics. The aim is also to try to justify the applied ethics of responsibility formulated by Lipovetsky, which is to be set in the period of "the twilight of duty", when we no longer have a...
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Cost-benefit analysis – Moral in economy
Černohouz, Daniel ; Brabec, Jan (advisor) ; Sálus, Jiří (referee)
The subject of the bachelor thesis is cost benefit analysis and its ethical origin. Theoretical part presents ethical and philosophical movement of utilitarianism together with its main representatives. After that the bachelor thesis is dedicated to cost benefit analysis, whose basis is closely connected to utilitarianism logic and its way of value perception. Theoretical part is also devoted to the methodology of this particular decision-making instrument, which is widely used by governments and corporations. Practical part is focused on the relations between utilitarian way of thinking and the cost benefit analysis, which was used in existing practical studies devoted to the impact of smoking on the public finance of the Czech Republic.
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Application of neuroscience in the field of marketing in relation to ethics
Smetanová, Alžběta ; Sigmund, Tomáš (advisor) ; Vacura, Miroslav (referee)
The bachelor thesis Application of neuroscience in the field of marketing in relation to ethics focuses on a current topic of neuromarketing and its ethical aspects. Firstly, it describes neuroscience as a discipline which lays the foundation for neuromarketing. Consequently, it defines the term neuromarketing and briefly summarizes its history. The thesis continues with a thorough examination of practical use of findings of neuroscience for commercial purposes, ranging from basic principles of neuromarketing to a relevance of this relatively new discipline. While reflecting diversity of opinions on the actual contribution of neuromarketing, the thesis proceeds with a discussion of the issue of communicating neuromarketing methods on a business-to-business market and then pays close attention to potentially unethical areas in the practice of neuromarketing. In its final part, the thesis debates a question of manipulation through the lens of three different approches to moral philosophy, namely utilitarianism, deontology and the ethics of responsibility.
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The Application of Ethical Theories to Selected Dilemmas of Social Workers in Homes for Seniors
BALÍKOVÁ, Andrea
The diploma thesis refers to the applicability of ethical theories in solving the dilemmas of social workers in homes for the elderly. The thesis is divided into four parts. In the first part there is defined a residential social service in the form of a home for seniors and characterized the nature of social work in this facility. The second part defines eleven dilemmas social workers encounter in their practice and also the reasons why social workers avoid them. The third part describes the essence of ethical theory in social work practice. It is focused on the description of three selected theories which include deontology, utilitarianism and the ethics of care. The last part concerns the application of these theories to the two ethical dilemmas of social workers: to contact or not to contact client's family, to solve or not to solve client's problems.
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Influences of hedonism, utilitarianism and christianity in czeck social work
HENDRYCH, Jan
This seminary work is about czeck social work literature written by Oldřich Matoušek and other other writers who are writting about similiar themes. Moreover it is about ethical parts of social work literature. Especially about influences of hedonism, utilitarism and christianity. Those influences about definiton of good and evil. Good as the thing that is center of all three disciplines in relation to social work.
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Are Economics Etudents more Utilitarian than their Colleagues from other Disciplines?
Cinert, Vojtěch ; Houdek, Petr (advisor) ; Babin, Jan (referee)
The thesis analyses whether the students of economics reject utilitarian behavior less than students studying various fields than economics. The testing was carried out on the moral dilemmas of so-called "trolley problem". Data was obtained through on-line questionnaire, mainly from students of different universities. The results of the research point out, that in 2 cases out of 6, the students of economics and technical fields reject utilitarian behavior less. The dilemmas are both medical framing. The influence of self-selection was not proved. It is possible, that the studies of economics have an influence on evaluation of the utilitarian behavior.
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