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Indirect speciation of mercury in soils and sediments with cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry.
ŠPAČKOVÁ, Jitka
In the diploma thesis have been tested four extraction techniques for isolation of organic forms of mercury from sediments (liquid liquid extraction, microwave extraction in liquid liquid extraction, solid phase extraction and extraction with use of ionic exchange) followed by determination of mercury by atomic absorption spectrometer AMA?254. It has been achieved great results during liquid liquid extraction likewise ionic exchange extraction. Reached percents of orgHg were in accord with certified reference material for sediments CRM-580 and corresponded to 86,44 ? 16,63 %, resp. 87,01 ? 29,22 %. Thanks to a simple procedure, extraction speed and ease of determination of organic forms of mercury contain was first of all (in the first instance) verified a method with use of ionic exchange, whose principle and procedure is very elementary. This technique was applied to a number of real sediment samples collected from water tanks Jordan and Skalka. It was approved that this method has been presenting a suitable alternative to chromatographic methods or methods of electro?migration.
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System of evaluation of soil organic matter based on fractionation by level of hydrophilic characteristics and by characterisation of fractions with differential thermic analysis
STROSSER, Eduard
The contemporary methods of evaluation of the soil organic matter do not sufficiently characterize its stability. The aim of this study is to develop a method for soil organic matter stability evaluation. The four different methods were tested, two based on chemical principle a two on microbiology principle. The first method is based on sequential soil organic matter fractionation by a system of solvents with increasing polarity, the second method uses oxidizers with different oxidizing efficiency. In the third method micro-organisms decompose soil organic matter in anaerobic environment as well as in the four method, but this one makes use of up gas production measuring sensors. The method of sequential extraction is not suitable for practical use, the oxidation method is preferred. The oxidation method also both microbiology methods imply that the most important part of soil organic matter is decomposed rapidly or while using weak oxidizer. This fraction is the most important for evaluation decomposability and it is characteristic for particular soils. After decomposition of this part of SOM its remnant is decomposed steady and linear or micro-organisms are not able to decompose it.
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Effect of N eutrofication of wetland soils on organic N content and quality
ŠEDA, Martin
This study deals with an effect of fertilization on amount and quality of free amino acids in soil from wet meadows affected by nutrient loading. Free amino acids were analysed in the soil from the field experiment situated at wet meadows, where an increased nutrient input is simulated (fertilizer NPK). The experiment was established on two sites with different types of soil {--} Záblatí with organic soil and Hamr with mineral soil, both areas in the South Bohemia region. The soil was repeatedly sampled for more than two years and year. One part of this study is focused on testing of ninhydrine-method and HPLC-method for measuring free amino acids and efficiency of different extractants.
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Separation Factors for Enrichment of Minor Components in Oils Extracted from Seeds with Supercritical CO2
Sovová, Helena
The present contribution shows that the same separation factors as for the oil fractionation in counter-current columns can be used to calculate the course of extraction of triacylglycerols and minor oil components in the initial period of fast extraction from crushed seed. Thus, the optimal conditions for minor component pre-concentration in extract or for removal of free fatty acids from the oil can be predicted. The values of separation factors for different minor components and for oils consisting mainly of C18 fatty acids are presented in dependence on the temperature, pressure, and CO2 density. The separation factors are based on both literature data and experimental data measured in our laboratory. The application of separation factors to calculate extraction yields of oil and its minor components in dependence on the amount of passed CO2 is presented, too.
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Charakter proudění v náplňovém superkritickém extraktoru
Rochová, Kristina ; Sovová, Helena
This contribution provides a brief review on the effect of flow direction on SFE and reports our first experiments on axial dispersion measured in the course of extraction; this topic has not been sufficiently discussed in the literature yet. The flow pattern was examined by means of response to tracer injection and the results were expressed in the form of dimensionless variance S2 T,0. Tetracosane deposited on glass beads was extracted and presence of natural convection was observed when the flow was switched from downflow to upflow mode.
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Příprava TiO2 pro fotokatalytické aplikace
Matějová, Lenka ; Cajthaml, Tomáš ; Matěj, Z. ; Strýhal, Z. ; Benada, Oldřich ; Šolcová, Olga
Powder nanoporous TiO2 with narrow monodisperse pore-size distribution in the range from 2 to 30 nm were prepared by self-assemble micelle system in nonpolar and polar solvents at laboratory temperature and pressure. Nonionic surfactants Triton X-102, 100, 114, 45, 15 were used for preparation of micelle systems. Various approaches were applied for removing of residual organic matter from prepared titania gels: a) calcination, b) improved extraction by supercritical (CO2) and subcritical fluids (H2O, CH3OH) and c) the combination of both forenamed approaches.
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Natural Vax Refining by Liquid/Liquid Extraction
García, A. ; Heyberger, Aleš ; Procházka, Jaroslav ; Canete, R. ; Vinals, M.
The separation of sugar cane wax from resins with ethanol as solvent has been studied by means of a reciprocating plate extractor (VPE) 85 mm at pilot plant scale under pressure. In a fierst aproach experiments for the measurement of the equilibria were conducted in a 1 liter stirred extractor vessel under different temperatures (70-100 °C) in order to determine the influence of the temperature on the distribution coefficient (Mc) and on the removal of wax from the resins.
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