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Temporal variability in spatial distribution of carabid beetles in agricultural landscapes
Seidl, Miroslav ; Knapp, Michal (advisor) ; Harabiš, Filip (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to work out a brief literary research focused on spatial distribution of carabid beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) around arable field-woodland boundaries throughout the season. Substantial part of this thesis consistsof thefield experiment aiming to explore given issue in the model area near Sedlčany. Carabid beetles were collected employing pitfall traps along four transects perpendicular to arable field-woodlot boundaries. Beetles were sampled during five sampling periods, but only four complete (undamaged) temporal samples series were used for final statistical analyses:1) early spring, 2) late spring, 3) summer and 4) late autumn.Three species groups were identified according to their habitat specialization:1) open habitat specialists, 2) habitat generalists and 3) forest specialists; and these groups were analysed seperately.
Total species diversity was highest in area of ecotone between arable field and woodlot.The edge between habitats was preferred by habitat generalist species and open habitat specialist species also spilled over here. Distribution of relative species richness and relative activity density was not stable in time. Spatial distribution of forest species was relatively less variable. Open habitat species aggregated within habitat boundaries instead of field interiors in early spring, probably as a result of overwinteringbehaviour. Generalists were also aggregated in the edge between habitats in autumn period and during early spring occurred relatively more in the centre of woodlot than in other periods. Species composition of carabid beetles assemblages depended partly on season and also on position of transect. There was also a significant interaction between spatial and temporal variability in species composition of carabid assemblages. Woodlot assemblages seem to be less variable in time.
The results of this thesis contribute to extension of knowledges on distribution of carabid beetles in agroecosystems, where many carabids act aspredators of various pests. The biggest changes in spatiotemporal distribution of carabid beetles in agricultural landscape could be linked with preference of adults to overwinter out of arable land.
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Historical development of wetlands in agricultural landscape
Majdanicsová, Andrea ; Richter, Pavel (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
Bachelor thesis is focused on the historical development of wetlands, especially in the agricultural landscape. The first part is processed in the form of research in which the historical development of the landscape, they are characterized by wetlands whether their classification, function and development in the Czech Republic and abroad. The following explains the landscape mapping systems and concepts relating to nature conservation. The second part deals with selected sites, their specifications and comparing the changes in the landscape using archival stable cadastre maps and II. Military Survey maps current.
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Monitoring the Effectiveness of Land Consolidation in Liberec District and Vysočina District
Kabelka, David ; Vlasák, Josef (advisor) ; Richard, Richard (referee)
During land consolidation is one of the main indicators of the effectiveness of implementation. Just monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of completed comprehensive land consolidation is the subject of this thesis. They were examined factors that can influence the process of land consolidation. These factors include the concentration index, duration of treatment, the number of lands, the size of the perimeter landscaping and etc. The evaluation was carried out in terms of their changes before and after landscaping. The findings of these factors can help speed up the process and improve its performance. Finished comprehensive land consolidation were monitored and evaluated in the Liberec Region and Vysocina Region.
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Landscape memory in the memory of its inhabitants Horní Bezděkov district
Hrubanová, Barbora ; Zelinka, Vít (advisor) ; Václav, Václav (referee)
The title of this work is Landscape memory in the memory of its inhabitants Horní Bezděkov district. The area was chosen because the agriculture still works here in some extent, although not as many as before years ago. Accordingly, it can be assumed, there were certain changes in the landscape of this area over time. The work deals with the evolution and changes of the landscape. The first part of this work deals with the landscape, its structure, contrast, etc in general. In the second part of this work are stated specific changes of landscape in a selected area of interest. The main documents for monitoring are the orthophotomap from the 50s of the 20th century and orthophotomap from 2014, also available statistical data and qualitative surveys with respondents. These documents are compared with each other, thus providing a comprehensive picture of the evolution of landscape changes in Horní Bezděkov.
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Viniční terasy jako refugia pro výskyt xerotermních druhů pavouků (Araneae) a jejich bioindikační využití v hodnocení kvality životního prostředí a úrovně biodiverzity
Košulič, Ondřej
The large-scale decline of traditionally managed early-successional habitats caused by the joint effects of agricultural intensification and abandonment of marginal lands has resulted in a critical reduction of xerophilous arthopods throughout Europe. The question is whether newly generated early-successional sites of human-made habitats (in this case vineyard terraces) may partially compensate this habitat loss. My research, therefore, focusses on spiders as model organisms to determine the potential importance of xeric slopes of vineyard terraces for biodiversity conservation in agricultural landscapes. I analyzed species density, abundances, rareness degree and conservation value among vineyard terraces with two habitat types of different succession stages (sparse and dense grass turf) placed in in landscapes with varying proportions of surrounding potential source areas (steppe -- foresteppes) and different surrounding habitats (habitat structure) around studied terraces. During 2011 were collected by different methods 6040 adult specimens of spiders belonging to 171 species, 69 genus and 24 families. From this representation were calculated high proportion of rare xeric specialist (40 %) and red-listed threatened species (15 %). From the statistical analyses, overall species density and abundance of spiders did not differ significantly between the terraces with sparse and dense vegetation cover, however species density was significantly influenced by presence of xeric grasslands around vineyards. The occurence of rare and endangered epigeic was significantly associated with the type of successional stage (for epigeic and epiphytic species), as well as rareness degree, conservation value and abundances significantly increased with presence of adjacent steppe grasslands. The results indicate that artificial habitats, such as vineyard terraces, are important refuges for wide spectra of xerothermophilous spiders. To prevent losses of rare and endangered xeric species, I suggest some small scale management methods that maintain important microhabitat mosaic structures under the different succession stages.
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Water course buffer zone in agricultural landscape
Barva, Jiří ; Forejtníková, Milena (referee) ; Králová, Helena (advisor)
The bachelor thesis provides summary of comprehensive information concerning the importance and establishment of the buffer strips along watercourses in the agricultural landscape. The input section focuses on solving activities and analysis of Czech legislative instruments. The main part describes the important functions of the buffer strips, which are based on foreign studies. The proposal of using the buffer strips in our conditions were made on the base of obtained information at the end of this work.
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Chemical and physical parameters of surface waters of streams in the Novohradsko area.
BERNASOVÁ, Tereza
The content of the bachelor thesis was the comparasion of chemical-physical parameters of surface waters in Novohradsko. The data, which were used in the thesis, were taken in 2014. Individual sampling points were differed in their management practices and types of ecosystem. The monitored parameters are associated with eutrophication: conductivity, pH, KNK4,5, nitrates and phosphates. Based on the results we can claim that the sampling points of agroecosystems reached higher values of the selected parameters. The biggest differences were detected in conductivity. The values of conductivity were oscitalled from 51,8 mS cm-1 to 164,4 mS cm-1.
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Soliterní strom v krajině
Sýkorová, Hana
Intriducing point element to the landscape closer to the ideal of cultural landscapes, such as the performs many functions from rekreational, ecological and aesthetic production. The restoration of values in lanscape is returning to yourself. Landsacape without people, there can be but above all we can't be without it. The country we come from, we make it and it retrospectively appreciated.
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Biocentres and biocorridors in agricultural landscape - importance for communities of epigeic beetles (\kur{Coleoptera})
KREJČA, Mikoláš
At four different locations in southern Bohemia in Písek region there were monitored communities of epigeic beetles. Locations occurred in the agricultural landscape, which is influenced by human activities. One of the sites was spruces monoculture about 60 years old, other locations were meadow, waterlogged meadow and wheat field. Locations had biocentres and agrocenosis function. Pitfall traps method was used to obtain samples of epigeic beetles. In total, 2268 samples of epigeic beetles were obtained (12 families and 56 species). The largest number of beetles was found at locations wheat field, waterlogged meadow and forest, and in a number of 656 individuals in waterlogged meadow 634 individuals in the field and 583 individuals in the woods. The smallest number of 395 individuals was found in the meadow. Sorting of beetles was done according to the sensitivity to anthropogenic impacts (relict species R1, adaptive species R2 and eurytopic species E). On the surveyed locations only adaptive (R2) and eurytopic (E) species were discovered. Relict species (R1) were not present. Adaptable (R2) species were found 20 in the surveyed areas and eurytopic (E) 36 species. Anthropogenic influence index of epigeic beetles communities came in low figures. Low value tells us that beetle communities are strongly influenced by human activities. The most influenced locations were wheat field (1,11) and meadows (1,27) and the least affected area was the forest (20,42). Waterlogged meadows was also strongly influenced in a anthropogenic way, but it was better than a meadow and wheat field (2,29).
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