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The effect of invasive and native plants on abiotic and biotic soil properties
Hanzelková, Věra ; Aldorfová, Anna (advisor) ; Sudová, Radka (referee)
Invasive plants represent an important topic of study in current ecology because of their effects on whole ecosystems. The plants interact with the soil including soil biota, with the other plants in the community and with other organisms, eg. herbivores. Invasive plants often differ from non- invasive plants in nutrient utilization and can thus affect soil pH as well. They may also differ in the way they interact with mycorrhizal fungi that help the plants with nutrient uptake. In this study, the effect of invasive and native plants on soil properties is compared. Congeneric pairs of species, where one species is native and the other invasive, are compared. The native species are chosen so that they are dominant and therefore comparable to the invasive plants in the new environment. The evaluated soil properties are pH value and content of elemental nutrients from abiotic properties, and the amount of mycorrhizal fungi propagules and their spreading rate in soil from the biotic properties. In this study, the invasive and native plants differ only in the content of exchangeable phosphorus and potassium. Content of these two nutrients and one of the indicators of mycorrhizal fungi differ within the pairs of species as well. For most soil properties, the genus of the plant plays the main role, not...
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Vliv mikroklimatu a půdních vlastností na výskyt listových patogenů ječmene v zemědělském podniku
Stošek, Lukáš
Diploma thesis is aimed at influence of microclimate and soil properties on occurrence of the barley leaf plant pathogens. The attention is devoted to parasitic fungi of barley Pyrenophora teres, Pyrenophora graminearum, Ramularia collo cygni and Rhynchosporium secalis. The early determination of plant disease leads to possibilities of control and in this way to keep harmful agent under economic damage threshold. The evaluation of occurrence of fungal pathogens on three localities with different microclimate and soil properties comprises the part of my work. Three barley varieties Malz, Francin and Bojos were evaluated and compared from the point of view of susceptibility to fungal pathogens, subsequently. The evaluation was carried out on the farm HESAKO s.r.o Velké Heraltice in Moravian Silesian Region. The occurrence and development of particular pathogens was under economic damage threshold in the year 2015 in dependence of variety resistance, good plant disease practices and course of the weather.
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Bonitace a cena půdy na lokalitě Opatovec
Čechal, Vladimír
Bachelor thesis aim was to survey soils at the locality Opatovec (Svitavy region). Basic soil properties such as texture, soil reaction, buffering capacity, nutrients content and humic substances content and quality were determined. We compared our results with the results of Systematic soil survey and the same soil type was detected Haplic Luvisol. Land evaluation was not done at this locality. Administrative soil price was calculated as average price in this cadastre.
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Charakteristika půdního prostředí vybraných souborů typů geobiocénů na vybraných lokalitách ŠLP Křtiny, ML
Tkáč, Vojtěch
When determining the groups of geobiocene types (STG), it is necessary to factor in nature conditions, among others the quality of the soil. This thesis deals with the description of soil surroundings in an area determined by STG and it is part of a project dealing with forest regeneration in forest gap. The characteristic grounds in field description of topsoil and sampling of Ah layer. The samples were analysed in the lab and the resulting data are compared with relevant literature and interpreted. Based on the analysis, it can be said that two of the main STGs on the site have high acidity and fertile soils.
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Charakteristika humusových forem na vybraných lokalitách ŠLP Křtiny, ML
Končel, Karel
Forest floor as one of the basic differences between agricultural and forest soils is very valuable component of forests soils which is necessary to protect. For that we need enough theoretical knowledge of forest floor classification its basic characteristic. We worked in three gaps, where 693 points were marked out. We determined a humus form at each of this point and took a soil sample out of organo-mineral layer. The samples were analysed in the lab after that. Based on the analysis, I found relation between humus form and pH. The most favourable quality of pH had a humus form mull, lower quality of pH had moder and the worst quality of pH had mor. We can make the same conclusion for a C:N ratio.
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Short and long term re-distribution of potentially toxic elements fractions in solid environmental samples
Jeřábková, Julie ; Drábek, Ondřej (advisor)
The fractionation of potentially toxic elements (PTE) in environmental and anthropogenic solid samples has a crucial influence on their leaching, mobility and bioavailability, or conversely, their immobilization. Redistribution of PTE in different fractions is affected by various soil properties, such as soil reaction, redox conditions, and soil organic matter composition and its content. Fractionation of PTE in soils and other environmental materials is therefore dynamic, as it is controlled by external conditions. Certain changes of soil conditions caused by, for example, climatic events (floods, soil washing, etc.) and human activities (eg. liming) may lead to significant changes in the distribution of fractions of PTE in soils and anthropogenic materials.
The aim of this study is to assess the impact of changes of conditions on the short- and long-term diferences in fractionation of selected PTE (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn) in soils and other solid samples mainly of anthropogenic origin (e.g., smelter slag) in the environment.
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Influence of former landscape elements on soil properties
Matějovský, Jiří ; Zádorová, Tereza (advisor) ; Luděk, Luděk (referee)
Hedgerows are elements in landscape, creating a landscape structure and influencing soil properties. This thesis is focused on the assessment of impact of the former landscape elements on current soil properties. Study area is located in the Central Bohemian Region, in the district of Pribram. Study plot area is 33 ha and is currently managed as a single large unit without any landscape elements. Assessment of the degree of impact on soil properties was mainly focused on soil depth, stratigraphic profile and organic carbon content. Sampling was carried out perpendicularly to the four selected hedgerows. The deepest soils, as well as the largest percentage of organic carbon were observed in areas of the original occurrence of hedgerows. Places above the hedgerows did not show significantly better soil properties, while at the locations below the hedgerows were identified deeper soils and increased organic carbon content. These findings confirmed the importance of hedgerows and their ability to influence soil properties.
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Evaluation of advanced engineering use in tropics and subtropics
Mikuláš, Dalibor ; Prikner, Patrik (advisor) ; Kumhála, František (referee)
Modern agriculture systems use largely powerful machines with respect to its operation potential. This trend extends to countries with low levels of agriculture, where it can be found part of global agricultural production. Primarily soil properties affect the use of modern agricultural technology in specific regions; however, agricultural machinery manufacturers still adapt traction properties for specific climatic conditions. The aim of this thesis was to analyze and assess the current state of agricultural machinery in specific regions of the tropics and subtropics, where agricultural systems are focused on the production of crucial crops for food and industrial use.
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Profilová charakteristika vybraných pozemků v katastru obce Bystřice nad Pernštejnem - Domanínek
Polách, Vojtěch
This bachelor thesis deals with the profile characteristics of selected soil types in cadastral area Bystřice nad Pernštejnem - Domanínek. Soil pits were dug up in July 2012 on four different locations and physical and chemical characteristics od diagnostic horizons were analysed. This work evaluates laboratory findings and compares them with previous results od soil surveys in are of interest ani in the whole Czech Republic. Soil profiles were described in detail and consequently determined according to the Taxonomic classification system of soils of the Czech Republic. Following soil types were determined: Cambisol (soil pits 1, 2 and 4), Luvisol (soil pit 3). According to the analyses results the soils are acidic, humus quality and quantity are low. As for values of bulk density and porosity the soil mostly compacted.
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