|
Temperature stabilization of semiconductor lasers for direct measurement of index of refraction of air
Matoušek, Vít
Laser interferometers are even more precise distance measurement devices with resolution in nanometer or sub-nanometer region. If interferometric measurements are carried out under atmospheric conditions (usual situation in industry), they measure optical path length of an unknown distance instead of its true geometrical value. It is caused by an index of refraction of air that introduces a multiplicative constant to measured results. If we want to obtain correct values, the knowledge of the index of refraction is necessary. Generally, the index of refraction can be measured by two ways: indirectly or directly. The first of them is based on parametric analysis of atmospheric properties as: relative humidity, pressure, temperature, concentration of CO.sub.2./sub. etc. Values of these parameters are processed then by Edlén formulas with 10.sup.-7./sup. order [1]. The direct methods are more precise then Edlén formulas (more than 10.sup.-7./sup.) but their practical implementation is more difficult. Devices that directly measure the index of refraction are called refractometers.
|
|
Development and validation of method for determination of clotrimazole in cream using HPLC
Poláčková, Jitka ; Matysová, Ludmila (advisor) ; Chocholoušová Havlíková, Lucie (referee)
The topic of my work was to optimalize and to validate the method for determination of capacity of the Clotrimazol, degradeted product (2-chlorophenyl) diphenylmethanol and conservations (methylparaben and propylparaben) in the preparation Clotrimazol ointment. My effort for this work was to develop the method that could half for total separation the particular defined substance in this sample, in the acceptable time, to find inside standard, to optimalize the conditions of separation and the method verify. The optimum chromatographic conditions were found on column Zorbax SB - Phenyl, 3,5 μm, 4,6 x 75 mm in the flow of mobile phase 0,5 ml per minute and wave - length 210 nm. Composition of the mobile phase was acetonitrile - water (55:45), pH water component was modified by acid phosphoric 5 % on 3,2. If these conditions are used, this method is validating. The testing parameters were accuracy, correctness, linearity, selectivity, robustness, detection and quantitative limit and test if the chromatographic system is acceptable.
|
|
HDO Raman spectrum
Šubr, Martin ; Štěpánek, Josef (advisor) ; Procházka, Marek (referee)
Title: HDO Raman spectrum Author: Martin Šubr Department: Institute of Physics of Charles University Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Josef Štěpánek, CSc., Institute of Physics of Charles University Abstract: The main aim of this thesis is to determine the HDO Raman spectrum. This spectrum cannot be measured separately in its liquid form, but it is possible to obtain it by a specific mathematical processing of sets of measured spectra with different H/D ratios. In this work we measured Raman spectra of liquid water with different mole fractions of water and heavy water, which were evaluated by factor analysis. Except for well-known spectra of water and heavy water, spectrum of HDO was determined. For fitting of this spectrum and its analysis, model with equilibrium constant and linear correction of the spectral shape with respect to the relative ratio of D was used. Keywords: Raman scattering, water and heavy water, HDO, factor analysis
|
|
The role of DNA damage in cellular senescence
Dušková, Pavlína ; Vondrejs, Vladimír (referee) ; Hodný, Zdeněk (advisor)
Cells grown in vitro may be introduced into terminal growth arrest termed cellular senescence. In normal cells, it always arises when they reach the end of their proliferative capacity. However, this process may be also caused by various means anytime during the cultivation of both normal and at some circumstances also in immortal cells. Current view of cellular senescence places this phenomenon into direct relationship with DNA damage. The first aim of this study is to elucidate the role of DNA damage in chemically induced senescence. Until recently, DNA damage was not studied in this particular model. All chemicals used in this work are routinely used to unveil unstable parts of the human genome, so called fragile sites, which are inherently prone to DNA breakage. The second aim of this study is to asses the possibility that these sensitive regions of DNA might be also involved in senescent phenotype. Two of the three chemicals used in this study, 5-bromodeoxyuridine and distamycin A, were commonly used to accomplish senescence, and their effect on main senescence-associated changes in cellular proteome is thus relatively well defined. The changes caused by the third compound, thymidine, were so far poorly investigated. Therefore, the last aim of this work is to find out, if the changes of protein...
|
|
Applications of error-correcting codes in steganography
Cinkais, Roman ; Lisoněk, Petr (referee) ; Drápal, Aleš (advisor)
Modern steganography is a relatively new discipline with many applications in information security. Contrary to the cryptography which is trying to make a message unreadable to third party using cryptographic algorithms, the aim of steganography is to hide a communication between parties. Applications of error-correcting codes and covering functions markedly increases abilities and security of steganographic algorithms. This thesis is attended to steganography using error-correcting codes which has the best results nowadays regarding embedding efficiency. New constructions will help us to work with non-linear codes and providing new steganographic algorithms. We will see that these algorithms have a better ability to hide communication, resp. a message in a digital medium. Further improvements can be made using applications of general q-ary codes. Many new questions are coming out with that which need to be answered. Several comparisons are showing that the area of steganography is in a beginning and we will be participants of such a progress as cryptography experienced in the last two decades.
|
|
Evaluation noise level in small capacity breeding of pigs
LENC, Jan
This Bachelor´s work describes the evaluation noise level in small capacity breeding of pigs. The aim of this work is to meassure the levels of noise during all work processes in the breeding of pigs. The goal is to process the meassurements and analyze the minimums, maximums and equivalent noise levels. These calculations will be then compared with the current hygienic norms. In case, the meassurements exceed the norms, a corrective proposal will be suggested to improve the situation.
|
|
Accident frequency and its social effects
VLÁSEK, Vladislav
The thesis ``Accident frequency and its social effects{\crqq} focuses on traffic accidents caused by trespassing the law of speed limit and on social effects induced by accident frequency. Every year approximately one thousand people die on the Czech roads, other thousands of traffic accident victims face lifelong injury consequences. Apart from direct loss of lives, health and property, the traffic accidents carry a lot of other hardly denumerable costs starting at financing trip of ambulance, continuing with health care service expenses followed by convalescence, eventually social benefits for disabled and impacts on relatives of traffic accident victims. The aim of this work is to map the situation of serious traffic accidents where participants are seriously injured, or die and to infer the most serious social effects of these traffic accidents. To gather information in order to meet the objective of this hypothesis and to prove it a quantity research has been carried out. Secondary analysis of data from the records of Police of Czech Republic and the Ministry of the Interior has been chosen as a method to help verify the correctness of presumed hypothesis. In order to map the most serious social impacts, dialogs with randomly selected traffic accident participants who suffered lifelong consequences of their injuries were performed. The primary file contains participants of traffic accidents that happened in the Czech Republic and are registered in the registry of Police of Czech Republic in the period 2003-2006 and where the participants died, were seriously or lightly injured. Our hypothesis proven, that the most serious consequences of traffic accidents happen due to exceeding the speed limits . Also the most serious social impacts of traffic accidents were mapped.
|
|
Dietary habits and lifestyle in metabolic syndrome
TOMANOVÁ, Gabriela
ABSTRACT Title of the work: Eating habits and a lifestyle by metabolic syndrome This bachelor thesis deals with the eating habits and the lifestyle in patients with metabolic syndrome treated in diabetologic clinics. The work is divided into two main parts. The first (theoretical) part deals with the existing and newly discovered knowledge in the area of this issue, the eating habits and lifestyle. Primarily, I studied the issue and changes in MS. In the initial chapter I mention the main components and consequently I deal with most discussed changes in the recent years. The last specified part deals with the factors affecting the MS; here,I have been concerned with the most important categories, including eating habits, physical activity, smoking, genetics and stress. The second part (empirical) should clarify the problems in complying with good eating habits and lifestyle. It should prove the correctness and effectiveness of education in persons showing symptoms of MS. The work was designed as a quantitative research in which the target file was constituted by a selected sample of 120 respondents showing MS in diabetologic clinics. To obtain the necessary information, a questionnaire survey was used. The research confirmed a relatively good education and eating habits in patients with MS. During questioning it was found that 77% of respondents claim to have a sufficient amount of information and good eating habits. But a deeper examination of their dietary habits revealed that only 67% of them actually know how to eat properly. On the other hand, 23% of the observed patients lack of the information from a doctor, therefore they cannot have good eating habits. A positive result is that two thirds of patients educated in the diabetologic clinics are really able to eat properly and work with the information they receive. Unfortunately, the remaining 10% have enough information from their doctor, but they cannot work with the information so as to achieve the correction of dietary habits. A part of this bachelor thesis forms a health educational material that is destined for patients who do not have enough information or those who are familiar with the issue, but are interested to learn more.
|
|
The solution proposals for crisis situations caused by mass chemical intoxication
BENEŠOVÁ, Silvie
The production and processing of various chemicals and raw materials all around the world currently exceeds hundreds of millions of tonnes a year and is constantly growing. In addition, the spectre of produced materials is increasing, including relatively toxic compounds. It is absolutely clear that such production volumes lead to a risk of accidents with the leakage of chemical toxicants, and {--} depending on the toxicity of the relevant substances {--} these accidents represent a serious threat for human health, animals and the environment.Disasters involving chemicals drew public attention already in the 20th century, when ways were sought to guarantee the safety of production, storage and transportation of hazardous materials. This is also an essential prerequisite for the occurrence of an accident involving the leakage of chemical toxicants {--} the presence of such toxicants in the production, processing, storage or transportation.Whether during wars or in peacetime, there are situations when large numbers of people can be exposed to the effects of a wide spectre of hazardous chemical substances (NCHL). These situations include military operations, campaigns by the integrated rescue system (IZS), industrial accidents or acts of terror. In developed industrial countries, the capacities used for the production, storage, processing and transportation of NCHL are usually localized in urban industrial zones. The high concentrations of these hazardous chemical substances within these zones represent a potential health risk for the people nearby. Chemical safety is a challenge and a must. I find this issue attractive and therefore decided to analyse, in my thesis, the causes of mass chemical intoxication and their consequences on the affected population. The objective of this diploma thesis is to compare the forms of protection and liquidation of the consequences of such accidents and try to find, structure and unify the recommendations regarding the solution of emergencies associated with mass chemical intoxications. Another objective was to verify the hypothesis that regulations and existing procedures regarding the solution of emergencies associated with mass chemical intoxications do not correspond with today{\crq}s standards and the on-going development of chemical noxious agents.
|
|
Solubilizattion properties of polysaccharides
Lenartová, Radka ; Foglarová, Marcela (referee) ; Pekař, Miloslav (advisor)
In this diploma thesis were studied solubilization properties of polysaccharides by using hydrophobic solutes (Sudan Orange G, Sudan Red G, (±)-alpha-Tocopherol, Pyrene, Perylene, Nile red), which were represented by alkyl derivates of hyaluronan. At first, a behaviour of individual hydrophobic solutes was investigated in variously polar solvents (Methanol, 1 Propanol, Chloroforme, Cyklohexane, n Heptane) and in the environment of varying ionic strength (water, 0.1 M and 0.4 M NaCl). Afterwards, solubilization properties of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate model solubilizated the hydrophobic solutes into a core of micelles was examinate. We were interested in the solubilization capacity as the mol of solubilized molecules per mol micelles of surfactant corresponding with a state of micelles saturation. In the case of the solubilization of (±)-alpha-Tocopherol into the core of micelles, it was not possible to determine the solubilization capacity. So we changed the determination of universally solubilization power. The solubilization power is defined as mol of molecules solubilized per mol surfactant relative to the quantity solubilizate at the micelles saturation. Model system of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate as a simple surfactant carrying a negative charge as the alkyl derivates of hyaluronan was selected bacause of its characteristics.The surfactant forms unimolar micelles and its critical micelle concentrations and aggregation numbers are tabelated for the investigated microenvironment. The main aim of the study was investigating of hydrophobic domains of alkyl derivates of hyaluronan as free places for incorporation hydropbobic solutes in the microenvironment of varying ionic strength. The critical aggregation concentrations were determined by the Pyrene 1:3 ratio method. For the research of micropolarity of alkyl derivates hyaluronan’s domains were selected two concentrations of derivates for the next research of solubilization experiments - the first concentration near the critical aggregation concentration and the second concentration above it. The effect of concentration of Pyrene on a core polarity of derivates was investigated. We discovered the influence of the concentration and the other we found a stationary area of the concentration. In the end we investigated the influence of preparation of solutions of derivates of hyaluronan on the core polarity by the concentration of pyrene which corresponds to the stationary area. The study of solubilization properties of alkyl derivates of hyaluronan is not a simple case as we assumed. When we measured spectra of the absorbance, higher concentration of derivates of hyaluronan belittle absorbance of solubilizates. At the experiment of solubilization with Sudan Red G we found out that Sudan Red G is not able to solubilizate into the hydrophobic core of micelles of hyaluronan’s derivates because of lipophilic or steric effects. We had to change Perylene as a new solubilizate. From the measured emission spectra we found saturation micelles. We can express the solubilization power of hyaluronan’s derivates for the concentration of Perylene. The main aim of the diploma thesis was to determine optimal way of the preparation of hyaluronan’s derivates solutions with required degree of solubilization.
|
guest ::
