|
The role of radiology assistant during the examination of kidneys by methods of nuclear medicine
Urbánková, Petra ; Špalková, Ingrid (advisor) ; Vlček, Petr (referee)
This semestral work deals with the Nuclear Medicine Methods used in Neufrourology. Methods of Nuclear Neufrourology unable to get kidney and urinary tact function information and therefore they are very often used in disease diagnosis of listed organs for both adults and children. Singular methods are complementary to Morphology Monitor Methods. Each of them has its specific asset in particular diagnosis area and that's why it is very important to judge the results of these methods always in the complex overview. The most frequently used methods at Nuclear Medicine departments are Dynamic and Static Scintigraphical Kidney and urinary tract Examination. Dynamic Scintigraphy gives information about function and drain parameter of the kidney. It is possible to judge shape, size and position of the kidney. Sometimes the method includes the Furosemid Test, Renovascular Hyperthensis Diagnosis and examination of transplanted kidney. The responsibility of radiologic attendant during the execution of these diagnostic methods consists in right, accurate and understandable instructing the person under examination, imposition of the person, setting the detector and the execution of the study right after the RF application, which is executed by a pediatrist (for children under 3 years of age) or a nurse. The radiologic...
|
|
EF-Tu PROTEIN DOMAINS Functions and Thermostability
Šanderová, Hana ; Jonák, Jiří (advisor) ; Pichová, Iva (referee) ; Mikulík, Karel (referee)
6 % The bacterial elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) has been extensively studied for decades as it plays a key role in protein biosynthesis. It is a model, multifunctional GTP-protein. This protein is also in the centre of interest as a possible target for new antibiotics. Moreover, the high homology in structure and function makes EF-Tu proteins suitable for the studies of evolutionary relationships between organisms and for elucidation of the structural features of adaptation to various living conditions. Furthermore, since all known EF-Tu proteins are composed of three distinct domains, they can also serve as suitable models for the understanding of domain organization in proteins. One of the main research projects of the Department of Gene Expression at the Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, where I did my PhD studies, was the study of the primary structure, transcription regulation and functions of bacterial elongation factors Tu from Gram positive thermophilic bacterium Bacillus stearothermophilus and from Gram negative mesophilic bacterium Escherichia coli. In this work, we focused on the structure-function relationships between EF-Tu proteins and their domains. The domain effect had been before our studies tested mainly by truncated EF-Tu forms lacking one or two domains. In contrast, we decided to...
|
|
Effect of enteral nutrition on the microbiota of children with Crohn's disease
Halbrštátová, Eliška ; Bunešová, Věra (advisor) ; Salmonová, Hana (referee)
Each year there are many facts being discovered, supporting the unexceptionable importance of intestinal microbiota on human health. One of these many fields of interest is the significant role of microbiota in inflammatory bowel diseases arising due to disruption to its balance. This bachelor thesis deals with one of the aforementioned inflammatory bowel diseases, namely Crohn's disease, whose occurrence increases not only in children, but in adults also. Because of the fact that there hasn't been discovered any effective drug yet, treatment is targeted on suppressing the inflammation, curtailment of the urgent phase and attaining long term symptomless period. One of treatment options is enteral nutrition, whose influence on microbiota will be investigated in this study. The research is focused on the influence of nutrition in children patients, which differs by its specifics from adult treatment.
Due to the difficulty of the study, from 50 originally classified patients, 15 children patients of Motol University Hospital were selected. Those were subjected to treatment by enteral nutrition for a period of 6 weeks, during which stool samples were taken. Fresh stool samples were used for cultivation and biochemical test.
Cultivated and quantified were the groups of gramnegative bacteria, coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli, total amount of anaerobic bacteria and bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Enterococcus. Biochemical tests were further conducted, those were targeted on the detection and identification of the genus Bifidobacterium in the patient's stool. For identification, the commercial diagnostic system API ZYM was used. With the aim of promoting the conclusiveness of study, samples were preserved for the isolation of bacterial DNA and further research.
A review of the literature proved the fact that in Crohn's disease some of the beneficial bacterial groups are reduced, while, on the other side, quantity of some bacterial groups increases, which converts otherwise beneficial and ordinarily inhabiting groups of the intestinal microbiota to pathogenic ones. So enteral nutrition treatment should support increasing the number of reduced groups and the pathogenic ones should be reduced to benefit of reduced groups.
Summing up the results of our study comes to the conclusion, that expected increase bacteria of the genus Enterococcus a Lactobacillus was achieved, thus confirming efficiency of enteral nutrition treatment. On the contrary, the growth of the bacteria of the genus E. coli and the group of coliform bacteria, together with the downturn of bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium, refutes the efficiency of enteral nutrition treatment.
|
|
Beekeping in Czech Republic
Kopecký, Jan ; Voříšek, Karel (advisor) ; Plachý, Vladimír (referee)
The purpose of my bachelor thesis is to compile the literature available to give an integrated summary of beekeeping in the Czech Republic and to describe the most serious illnesses of the bees. Such as bee the literature available American foulbrood end varroasis including brief processes how they can be healed or how to avoid them.
The importance of honeybee and its irreplaceable role in the ecosystem of our planet is described in the introduction of this thesis. It is mentioned that honeybee is often perceived only like a food source.
In the main part, the Czech beekeeping is divided according to the historical dating into a forest, collecting and rational beekeeping as well as into special type of beekeeping colled ,,brtnické''. Then there is a treatise on the formation and the importance of organizations associating Czech beekeepers through years. An additional part of the first half of the thesis is a summary of recently used hives, tools and also ways of unnatural bee´s feeding.
The second half of the main part is pursued to serious illnesses in the Czech Republic. This chapter is divided according to originators of illnesses on illnesses made by physical influences or unsuitable food, bacterial illnesses, fungous, viral and invasive illnesses. American foulbrood and illnesses caused by the mite Varroa destructor has the biggest importance because these illnesses make the biggest losses in the Czech Republic. Every illness has own characteristics, originator, clinical diagnostics and therapeutic possibilities.
|
|
Extracellular microRNAs and their role in pathologies especially in the field of gynecology and obstetrics.
Štěrbová, Monika ; Hromadníková, Ilona (advisor) ; Balušíková, Kamila (referee)
microRNAs (miRNAs) represent a relatively newly discovered group of RNA molecules and they serve to regulate gene expression. In spite of processes of differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis, miRNAs influence the whole biological systems, such as embryogenesis, oncogenesis, and immunity. There have been a number of experiments in recent years concerning diagnoses and predictions of complications during pregnancy, and tumour growth. Extracellular miRNA molecules participating in circulation of patients are used in the non-invasive diagnostics. RNA molecules usually get into the extracellular fluid during the apoptosis process. I chose four diseases, which extracellular miRNA have diagnostic potential - preeclampsia, intrauterine growth retardation, gestational diabetes mellitus and breast cancer - for my work. An aberrant expression of different levels of various extracellular miRNAs has been reported in these diseases but the clinical use of microRNAs in the diagnosis and prediction of those still requires further research and optimization. Keywords: breast cancer, extracellular nucleic acids, fetal growth retardation, gestational diabetes mellitus, microRNA, PCR, preeclampsia
|
|
Eukaryotic and prokaryotic nitric oxide synthase - structure-function studies
Mikula, Ivan ; Martásek, Pavel (advisor) ; Entlicher, Gustav (referee) ; Král, Vladimír (referee)
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule in organisms. It plays a role in wide spectrum of physiological and pathophysiological processes, including vasodilatation, neurotransmission and host defense. The gaseous molecule of NO is produced by oxidative reaction catalyzed by proteins from the family of nitric oxide synthases (NOSs). Three NOS isoforms were identified in mammals, endothelial (eNOS), neuronal (nNOS) and inducible or immunologic (iNOS). Some bacteria harbor genes coding for proteins homologous to the mammalian NOS oxygenase domain and showing NO-producing activity in vitro. NO generated by pathologic organisms such as B. anthracis and S. aureus is supposed to play a critical role in the pathophysiological processes during the infection. Comparative study of bacterial NOS-like proteins and mammalian NOSs confirmed their principal similarity, but also revealed differences in the interactions of distinct bacterial proteins and mammalian NOS isoforms with different analogs of substrate L-arginine and various ligands. On the basis of the kinetics measurement of NO-rebinding a second NO-binding site in the active center of NOS was predicted. Further, the regulation of NO dynamic and release from the protein by the active site Hbonding network connecting the heme, the substrate and BH4...
|
|
Function of gut mucosal barrier: methodology and modulation.
Hornová, Michaela ; Tlaskalová - Hogenová, Helena (advisor) ; Prokešová, Ludmila (referee)
ABSTACT Function of gut mucosal barrier: methodology and modulation Right function of the intestinal barrier is essential for maintaining the homeostasis of the inner environment and it serves as a mechanical barrier against penetration of macromolecular compounds and microbes from outer environment. Impaired gut mucosa cannot effectively protect from invasion of infectious microorganisms, antigens from food, bacteria, viruses and xenobiotics into the subepithelial gut layer. Excessive interaction among the immune system and antigens from intestinal lumen can lead to immune mediated damage of the organism. Damaged intestinal barrier plays an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, like inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, celiac disease and rheumatoid arthritis. The aim of this study was to define methods for measuring intestinal permeability, which would reflect the gut barrier damage. We were trying to detect the gut damage caused by indomethacin (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug), alcohol and bacterial LPS by measuring the intestinal permeability for 4,4 kDa FITC-dextran. We were also evaluating changes in gene expression of tight junction proteins, IL-6 and iNOS in mice after intraperitoneal administration of LPS, which induces septic shock. Another goal was to...
|
|
FcεRI and Kit signal to actin cytoskeleton via different pathways
Šimíček, Michal
Mast cells are key effector cells of the immune system whose exact physiological functions have been the subject of much debate. They have been mentioned mostly as the drivers of allergic and inflammatory reactions via allergens triggering their high affinity receptors for IgE (FcεRI). However, recent findings implicate their important role also in other innate immune functions like host protection from bacterial and viral infections. Agent recognized by surface receptor initialize various intracellular signaling pathways leading to cell response. Thus, better understanding of signal transduction in mast cells is important in development of new therapeutic approaches. Early phases of mast cell activation mediated by FcεRI and/or Kit, a receptor for stem cell factor (SCF), involve phosphorylation of the transmembrane adaptor protein Non-T cell activation linker (NTAL) and mast cell spreading. Morphological studies of mast cells derived from bone marrow of mice deficient in NTAL (NTAL knock out, NTAL -/-) revealed markedly reduced spreading on fibronectin after stimulation with antigen (Ag) alone or in combination with SCF, when compared to wild type (WT) cells. Subsequent quantification of cell area and analysis of other mophological parameters confirmed these observations. Mast cell activation was...
|
|
The role of fear during catheter ablation in patients with WPW syndrome compared with those with AVNRT
Grossová, Zuzana ; Kupečková, Ivana (advisor) ; Wasyliwová, Vlasta (referee) ; Haman, Luděk (referee)
This thesis concerns the role played by fear during catheter ablation in patients with Wolff- Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW) compared to those with atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT). The theoretical section defines the terms fear, anxiety, supraventricular tachycardia, AVNRT and WPW syndrome. More detailed descriptions are then given of the problems associated with supraventricular tachycardia, its symptoms and diagnosis, medication used and the care of patients undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation. The observation section uses quantative methods with the aim of analysing the causes of fear in selected patients with AVNRT or WPW syndrome undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation. In addition, research was done into whether there is a psychological difference between the groups of patients suffering from the above arrhythmias. Subjects were drawn from inpatients with atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome who were part of the radiofrequency catheter ablation programme at Na Homolce Hospital. The work is mainly intended for nursing staff.
|
|
Boccia as an effective way to increase the quality of life of persons with severe disabilities(?)
AUSPERGEROVÁ, Vendula
Bachelor thesis "Boccia as an effective way to improve the quality of life of people with severe physical disabilities?" Discusses the possibility of positive impacts on the quality of life of individuals especially with severe disabilities through active participation in the game called "Boccia". Boccia is a game designed for people with severe physical or combined disabilities, in which special equipment is used in order to allow disabled people with arduous opportunities for participation in other sports because of severe disability to play in an independent way. In the Czech Republic, thanks to good playing conditions, an offshoot called "Integrated boccia", abbreviated "iBoccia" has been developed, which is based on the simplified rules allowing the practicing of the classical Boccia basically to anyone. The level or the type of disability does not play a significant role (except for visual impairment) because the special equipment reduces major differences caused by disability, and so the game can also be played by people without disabilities. In the game 3-6-membered teams participate, it is therefore a collective sport. The integrated Boccia may provide an opportunity for self-realisation based on physical activity and enables to establish or enhance social relationships, which appear to be a suitable mean of improving the quality of life of people with severe physical disabilities. The aim of this thesis is to determine whether and how integrated Boccia influences subjectively perceived quality of life of selected players with disabilities involved in students project "Boccia heading south" implemented in the Czech Budejovice. In order to achieve the targets of the research part a qualitative research was used, specifically the design of case studies. The opening chapter is devoted to the definition and characteristics of basic terms like disability, severe and physical, and classification of defects. Here is indicated working definition of severe disability, it is "a particularly severe form of disability, when a person is largely limited in his physical abilities due to damage support or the musculoskeletal system, or other physical damage, therefore, becomes dependent on the assistance of another person."(Gruber, Lendl, 1992 in Pipeková, 2006, p 168; Fröhlich, 1994, p 44 in Pipeková, 2006, pp. 329, MPSV.CZ: Zdravotní postižení. [online]. [cit. 2013-08-13]. Dostupné z: http://www.mpsv.cz/cs/8) The fifth part is consists of qualitative research, whose outputs consist three case studies. By the addressed respondents are players of integrated boccia from South Bohemia involvement in the project "Boccia heading south." These are two women of age 54 and 27 years and men of age 22 years. Dates required to process the case studies was obtained by interviews and participating observation. For each of the surveyed players iBoccia performs a different function and takes the different positions in the ranking of importance in the life of the respondents. For the respondent I. iBoccia means for example self-fulfillment, respondent II. iBoccii perceive like more free time to improvement of rehabilitation function, while for the respondent III. It brings the possibility of self-fulfillment and a sense of "necessity". The research results have brought confirmation that integrated Boccia has a positive effect on the quality of life of these respondents with severe physical disabilities, providing them the possibility self-realization, takes the social and rehabilitative function. These results are however applicable only as an individual, depending on many factors related to medical diagnosis, human personality, current psychological or physical condition, self-discipline and financial situation. It also depends on the organizers and employees of facilities how bring the game.
|
guest ::
