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The fight against Corruption in the Law of European Union
Bařinová, Petra ; Grmelová, Nicole (advisor) ; Hubková, Pavlína (referee)
A Corruption is perceived as a threat of the economical and political stability worldwide therefore a lot of anti-corruption steps are taken and the priority is given to international cooperation. To minimize the potential risk of corruption it is necessary to interconnect the systems of anti-corruption fight. In my thesis, the stress is put on the link between the law regulation of European Union and law regulations of member states aiming the Czech Republic measures. The anti-corruption legal framework set by the European Union has the preventive and represive character and it gives to every member state a space for its own anti-corruption iniciative to make the whole anti-corruption system more effective. The thesis is focused on criminal law, but there is also mentioned other areas of law as well as the relevant EU organizations and authorities. In the end I give specific results and recommendations.
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Beyond Charlemagne's legacy: Normative Empire and the Independence of the Judiciary in Conditionality
Vienne, Cassiopee ; Šlosarčík, Ivo (advisor) ; Cibulková, Petra (referee)
Accession negotiations to the EU since 2004 brought significant changes to European enlargement customary law and exacerbated the reliance of the Commission on conditionality to impose its leverage on present and prospective member states. The subsequent development of European norms in the pre-accession phase was transposed onto current member states and led to the edification of a Normative Empire. This research reformulated the concept of Normative Empire while resting on factual and contemporary evidence. It investigated why the increasingly significant role in conditionality of the principle of independence of the judiciary contributed to the metamorphosis of the EU into a Normative Empire. The argumentation of this research rested on the study of Bulgaria, Croatia and Romania. In addition to their geographical kinship, these three cases share issues of rampant corruption, notably in the political and judicial structures, which remain the main obstacles to their accession or full membership. The analysis of the Commission's influence in judicial reforms during the pre and post-accession phases was supported by a thorough study of the Cooperation and Verification Mechanism and the progress reports from 2004 till present. In conclusion, the Commission's post-accession monitoring in Bulgaria and...
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Selected aspects of environmental law in legal theory and experience
Liška, Petr ; Pikola, Pavel (advisor) ; Jaromír, Jaromír (referee)
The thesis, titled The Selected Aspects of Environmental Law in the legal theory and practise was written on a base of interdepartmental cooperation between FŽP (Faculty of Environment) and PEF (Faculty of Operation and Economy) at ČZU (Czech University of Agriculture). The main idea of the thesis is to make a study of criminal law development from a standpoint of the society interests since the force of legislation Nr. 140/1961 Sb. (Code), criminal law, until the present time, when the law mentioned above was replaced by the law Nr. 40/2009 Sb. (Code), Penal Code. The study takes quite a long term period, from 1961 to 2015.
In the theoretical part I primarilly tried to characterise the rank of interest within the branch of criminal law, with the focus on the substantive criminal law. At the same time I tried to determinate its relationship to the international law and the Czech legal system built on two basic constitutional laws Constitution of the Czech Republic (i.e. Constitutional law Nr. 1/1993 Sb. (Code), as amended).
Then, in the practical part I wanted to characterise criminal offences development in the context of the substantive criminal laws mentioned above, with respect to the state system at the certain time, and in the context of society interests at that time, especially focused on the sphere of environment protection and criminal law usage together with the law characterised by ultima ratio principle, i.e. as the last possible means. I also made an analysis and comparism of statitistics data concerning registered criminal offences made by the Police of the Czech republic that was provided to me by The Police Presidium of the Czech Republic, Department of Analyses.
The final part presents detected results that point out latent behaviour to environmant in the Czech Republic and the problems connected with quantifying losses. In this respect the law enforcement agencies try to solve the problem by taking in an expert in agreement with the legalities of § 105, Paragraph 1 of the Law 141/1961 Sb. (Code), Penal Code, when the expert makes an expertise according to the law enforcement agencies requests in which he objectively deals with the damage setting. Its determination is important for example for the right legal qualification of the criminal offence against environment. At the end of the thesis I also try to outline possible measures contributing to improving of current state of prosecution connected with criminal offences against environment with greater emphasis on respective efficiency.
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Independent audit of the chosen company - cooperation between external and internal audit
Hledíková, Renáta ; Dvořáček, Jiří (advisor)
This master thesis aims to characterise the role and importance of audit in business. After closer look at the definition of audit itself, the international standards and laws are examined, followed by description of each specific step of audit work. At the end of the theoretical part, the clarification of differences between external and internal audit is made, together with suggestions of possible effects of their cooperation. The main part comes after the theoretical introduction and concludes the execution of audit work in cooperation with the real auditor in the chosen company XZ, a.s. In this practical part of the thesis all the theoretical and methodological knowledge from the previous part are implemented.
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Vymáhání daňových pohledávek u fyzických osob
Serynová, Jana
Bachelor thesis deals with recovery of tax claims of natural people. The theoretical part is focused on law of recovery of tax claims. The practical part deals with the current situation which is illustrated by fictitious examples. On the basis of information got in cooperation with financial office Brno II are suggested improvements of recovery of tax claims for the financial office.
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Biodiversity of the Chile and international cooperation on its protection
Kuncová, Klára ; Opatrný, Josef (referee) ; Vágner, Jiří (advisor)
Biodiversity conservation is one of environmental topics of our times. It's important to use the foreign cooperation to develop the Sustainable Development concept especially for developing countries where the biological variety is the richest. Chile started to take part in the international biodiversity projects in the 1980's and since 1990's is ever more active in this matter. Chile is now being signatary of all main global agreements, free trade agreements where environmental cooperation is stated and cooperates with other countries in the region. Chile, though, has certain problems in fulfilling the obligations implying from the signed agreements. Biggest flaws are found especially in the law abidance control. There is successful multilateral regional cooperation. In order to begin effective bilateral environmental cooperation is first important to resolve the long term arguments especially with Peru and Bolivia. This text brings summary of development and current Chilean biodiversity status in Czech. It also presents documents, multi- and bilateral projects of foreign cooperation which take part in improving Chilean biodiversity situation.
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Work activity as part of therapeutic - formative activities in children's home
LOMOVÁ, Michaela
This bachelor thesis focuses on the issue of preparing children in children's homes for real-life once they leave institutional care. One of the ways of improving the current state of affairs is to use therapeutic-formative methods in everyday pedagogical activities of educators, particularly suitable seem to be therapies based on work or activities. Consequently, the aim of this bachelor thesis is to prepare, implement and evaluate an educational project that uses these working activities to boost competences (skills, proficiency, knowledge and attitudes that children from institutional orphan care need to lead an independent life). The body of this work consists of four parts. The first chapter studies institutional orphan care as educational institutions for institutional education, primarily the way they are rooted in law, their function, target group characteristics and current trends in this field of studies. The second part specifies and introduces therapeutic-formative approaches that constitute a part of pedagogical praxis in Czech Republic and other countries, including therapies based on games, activities or work, animal-assisted therapies, expressive arts therapies or psychomotorical therapies. The third part analyses the importance of work and working activities in the life of man. In this thesis, work is considered to be one of the most basic human activities; its aim is to achieve not only material provision, but also to satisfy physical needs and to initiate a positive change in the social role of individual. The fourth chapter contains well-proven educational project that is based on the results of before-mentioned informational resources analysis and, in concordance with these results, focuses on a development of real-life competencies (which are, in this particular case, represented by food preparation skills). The methodical part of this project defines goals and approaches, formulates primary principles of implementation and specifies evaluation criteria. Subsequently, it describes the structure of the project itself and contains implementation records and final evaluation. This project was based on an analysis of professional resources and takes into account the needs and characteristics of its target audience ? 8 children from orphan care institutions aged 12 to 18 years. Its name (?Gourmet tour of Italy?) clearly reveals that it is all about preparing dishes from Italian cuisine, which today enjoys a lot of popularity. The broader primary goals of this project are to bolster children?s training for independent life after they leave institutional care and to initiate a more positive approach towards everyday work-related activities. Specific goals of this project are to train basic cooking skills, prepare several simple dishes, acquire information about ingredients needed to prepare given meals, connect data about geography and real life in Italy gained during education with particular information connected to local gastronomy and a motivation to further develop personal cooking skills. Evaluation of the project has three tiers: self-evaluation of project leader, evaluation of the project from participants and evaluation of competencies gained by participants from project leader using games and interview techniques. The project was implemented in cooperation with Dětský domov in Boršov nad Vltavou from February to May 2013. On the basis of given evaluation we can safely state that the planned goals were achieved and the project turned out to be a success. This educational project can be, without further modifications, implemented for another group of children (in another orphan care institution). Another possibility is to modify the project topic and implement it with the same group of children, which could have a positive influence on boosting the acquired knowledge and skills and achieving a further improvement of their attitude towards food preparation in real life.
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Analysis of the readiness of hospitals with an acute inpatient care in the Pardubice region in the event of a direct threat of CBRN substance to the Pardubice regional hospital.
KRATOCHVÍLOVÁ, Martina
This work focuses on finding state of preparedness of hospitals with acute inpatient care in the Pardubice region in the case of a direct threat to the Pardubice Regional Hospital, Inc. (hereinafter "PRH") by chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear agents (hereinafter referred to as "CBRN"). The thesis is based on a comparison between the trauma plans that have been established as an indicator of a preparedness of hospitals in case of mass disaster and the legal standard, i.e. Decree No. 101 of 2012 Sb. dealing with the details of the content of trauma plan of the one-day or inpatient medical care and process for its preparation and negotiation, as amended (hereinafter the "Decree 101 of 2012"). The theoretical work describes the applicable laws governing the conditions for the provision of health care, trauma plan content and procedures of the Emergency Service (ES) components in preparation for dealing with emergencies. The next part discusses the characteristics of CBRN agents. Furthermore, the work focuses on defining terrorism and CBRN terrorism. The chapter also includes a brief historical summary of the use of CBRN agents and their threats. The following section describes the Security System of the Czech Republic and its elements. It is crucial to mention its existence in relation to the prevention of emergencies and crisis situations and elimination of their consequences. This part also introduces a selection of documents, which have a direct relationship to the security policy of the country and to this thesis. It may be noted that most of these documents have been prepared, inter alia, on the basis of current CBRN threats. The penultimate section characterizes individual hospitals with acute inpatient care in the Pardubice region and includes also a risk analysis of this region. The analysis is based on the Emergency Plan of Pardubice region. I believe that the knowledge of the possible threats pointed out in the risk analysis is important in a preparation for an emergency response in the relation to an emergency medical care. Analysis of risks and threats, based on the Decree 101 of 2012, is also a part of the trauma hospital plans. The last part of the thesis describes the different types of trauma plans and certain procedures in the process of an activation of these plans. Even though, the theme of the work is focused more on trauma plans of hospitals, in cooperation with ambulance services and regional authorities in addressing the consequences of emergencies, I find it important to pay attention to a trauma plan for emergency medical services, and also the one, which is part of the emergency plan of the region. Based on the practical experience it was decided the readiness of hospitals with acute inpatient care in the Pardubice region in case of a threat PRH is sufficient. Subsequently, a relative comparison of interdependence trauma plans was performed in selected hospitals to evaluate their index of readiness by means of comparative analysis. The overall index IPi scales the state of preparedness of the hospitals. The input parameter?s values for the index evaluation were determined based on the contents of the trauma plans. The concluding chapter presents the results evaluated by the described method. This uncovered that the degree of readiness of the examined hospitals, based on the mentioned parameters, was insufficient in three cases. Only Chrudimska Hospital, Inc. achieved satisfactory results. Based on these results, the specific measures were recommended to be taken the level of preparedness of the hospitals. The findings and the results of this thesis are mainly practical. The most important benefit of this work is the suggested measures for the activation of trauma plans for hospitals with acute inpatient care in the Pardubice region.
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Planning of municipality specialized on solving of emergency measures
UHROVÁ, Šárka
Today's world is sensitive and fragile. With the growing number of emergencies caused by natural causes, there is a growing need to effectively prevent such events and minimize their impact on lives, health, property and the environment. These problems are solved in the area of crisis management, which is at excellent level in the Czech Republic. Crisis management is firmly anchored in the Czech legislation, especially in so-called emergency legislation, and described in specialized publications. It is a system of crisis management bodies as defined by Act No. 240/2000 Coll., On Crisis Management, who have roles and responsibilities to secure the necessary protection. This thesis describes the system in detail together with another integral part of crisis management contingency planning. The product of crisis planning is the crisis documentation which serves to the crisis management bodies for solving of emergency situations, i.e. large-scale disasters during which a state of emergency was declared. There is one controversial point in this area which this work deals with whether the municipality as a legal entity should prepare an emergency preparedness plan for facilities that can be used to carry out emergency measures. This point is included in the objective of the thesis, i.e. to evaluate the current planning documentation of the municipality aimed at solving emergency measures. It is covered also by the research question whether municipalities prepare plans as recommended by the Ministry of Interior or by the respective municipality with extended authority. It was found out that municipalities keep crisis documentation in cases of risk that their administrative areas get endangered by an emergency. Contingency plans are elaborated in fewer cases. With exceptions, if municipalities have in their possession a facility which could be used in carrying out emergency measures, no emergency preparedness plan is usually prepared for such premises. Based on these findings, the thesis comes with a plan which could be used by municipalities to deal with emergencies or crisis situations and buildings usable in the fulfilment of crisis measures of accommodation and provision of food. The plan consists of three parts: The 1st part would contain basic information about the town (number of residents, size of the area, water areas, information on Crisis Staff, etc.), the 2nd part would be divided into two other parts. Part A would address emergencies and crisis situations in the form of a list of tasks that the municipality would have to fulfil, in chronological order from the threat detection to damage documenting. This part would be organized into three sections. The first section would cover the tasks that the municipality would have to fulfil before an emergency occurs, the second section would include practices for events that already occurred and the third section would contain tasks needed after its ending. Part A would contain a description of cooperation with the regional Fire Brigade and bodies of emergency management according to applicable laws. Part B would apply to buildings owned by the municipality, which could be used to carry out crisis measures of accommodation and provision of food. It would contain a list of these premises, instructions on when and how the facility can be used in state of emergency, and information about the needed number of people and the amount of stock, etc., including how to get them. The 3rd part of the plan would consist of supplements. This documentation would be beneficial for municipalities, as they would have accurate and well-arranged materials based on which they could proceed. It would actually be two plans in one, securing easier handling and organization for the municipalities. The documentation should be prepared even in cases when there is no immediate threat to the town because of its geographic position.
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