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Using of unseparated digestate as a phosphorus source for garden plants
Kujanová, Denisa ; Kulhánek, Martin (advisor) ; Jindřich, Jindřich (referee)
The advent of the modern trend of renewable resources was inevitable culmination of the development of civilization. Mankind learns more about use inexhaustible resources compared to depletion of reserves of non-renewable resources. Providers of renewable energy sources also include a biogas plant, which main function is the production of biogas. Biogas is produced in reactors by process of anaerobic fermentation without oxygen. As input for an agricultural biogas plants organic waste, cattle manure or for example energy grasses are used. The process of biogas production has the leftover of the fermentation at its end, so called digestate. Its composition depends especially on the inputs.
Digestate is a compound with high pH which is very rich not only for phosphorus but also for other nutrients. There are many studies dealing with the theory and practice of using digestate on the field for improving its properties and of other digestate usage. This diploma thesis has aim to explore combinations of unseparated digestate with peat and dolomite limestone with an effort to create a suitable substrate for different types of plants in terms of accessible phosphorus content.
During the experiment following plants were used between the years 2011 and 2015: Gazania rigens, Ocimum basilicum and Mentha piperita. For a control substrates following variants were used: Different types of commonly used growing substrates as the controls; peat combined with unseparated digestate in proportions of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 % volume. In selected years dolomite limestone was also added in doses of 3, 6, 10, 15 g/l to stabilize pH.
The results of the work show a positive effect of the digestate on the substrate properties as for example pH value (with possible addition of limestone for stabilization) or dry matter. Digestate appears to be a suitable source of phosphorus for plants. In terms of the above-ground biomass yield of plants reached its maximum value at the control substrate Gramoflor. From the tested substrates it was in the most cases the substrate with 10 % digestate (in two years with doses of 6 a 15 g/l). Highest percentage of dry matter reached usually the control substrates.
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Nutrition of foals and young horses up to two years.
Morávek, Filip ; Hučko, Boris (advisor) ; Kodeš, Alois (referee)
The foal and young horse nutrition playing basic role during growing and development period. Nutrient composition in feeds is very important factor, which affects growing.
Nutrients, which are basically for correct growing young foals named proteins. The main focus of quality protein is amino acids composition. The first limiting amino acid for foal is lysine. The second one is threonine. The feeding rations which has support faster growing, has to be calculated way, than will include enough lysine and threonine. That fact will working only, if the limiting factor will not be energy.
Very important factor is playing sugars and fats, which are mainly the energy sources. For young foal is colostrum and milk important energetic source.
In case, when organism is over load by high quality protein (amino acids) and energy, has to be fed very carefully to avoid growing and developmental orthopedic disease (physitis, osteochondrosis, subchondral cysts, angular and flexural deformities).
For optima growth young horse are composition of minerals and vitamins. The major macro-elements are calcium and phosphorus. The optimal balance between these basic macro-elements are very important.
During proliferation of gastrointestinal foal tract is running growth of microbial population in large intestine. This population are responsible for fermentation of fibre. During this process arise volatile fatty acids, which are playing the major role of energy needs of foal.
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Comparison of service offerings and their impact on local development in selected areas - Novohradsko and Veselsko
HŘIBOVÁ, Jitka
The work deals with the explanation of services and their impact on local development. It focuses on the analysis of the services offered in two areas surveyed on the Novohradsko and Veselsko. This is the assessment of supply and quality of services to the needs of the population and visitors. Based on the results relating to the service offerings are designed measures in each area would be improved and expanded range of services. To develop these services are designed to further the possibility of drawing money from funds of the European Union.
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Biotechnology for sustainabilty in agricultural systems
Hroníková, Soňa ; Kuchtová, Perla (advisor) ; Nový, Pavel (referee)
Sustainability of agricultural systems is narrowly connected to protection of land resources and land environment, if possible, without any negative side effects for the environment.
Given the great decrease of agricultural soil in the last two decades, it is necessary to set a working system of gradual regeneration of an agroecosystem, based on the gained findings from the field of biotechnologies, products from biotechnological processes, chosen effective substances and auxiliary tools.
In the literary research there are individual sorts of agriculture valued, as well as ways of farming and their influence on soil environment and surrounding landscape. Furthermore, it is concerned about biotechnologies in this field. In the last part of the thesis there is a comparative study of two supportive biological means on regulation and quality of the chosen agricultural crops carried out and that is both separately and in the combination with the application of NPK.
The results of the study proved a significant impact of a supportive device of WormsAktive on qualitative as well as quantitative parameters of testing crops. Individual values of this supportive device came out from the comparison better than separate application of NPK. The main contribution of this thesis is the discovery that with the help of convenient combinations of the farming which is close to nature and findings of modern science it is possible to achieve a permanently sustainable system of agriculture without any negative impacts on our environment.
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Comparative analysis canistherapy and felinotherapy in therapeutic practice
Goldšmídová, Klára ; Zita, Lukáš (advisor) ; Dokoupilová, Adéla (referee)
This bachelors work deals with the differences in domestication for two types of animals, the cat and the dog. It deals with the religious perception of the dog and cat and highlights a fundamental difference between them. It describes the relationship between dog and man, as well as describing the beginnings of cat domestication. The bachelor work also explains the basic terminology of animal-assisted therapy, describes the types of animalassisted therapy by type of animal used and briefly mentions the positive and negative aspects
of using animals. It also states the methods used in animal-assisted therapy and the physiology of the effects of animal-assisted therapy in treatment processes for people. Main point of this work is a comparison of the ethology of dogs and cats, the outlining of their main character traits that are used in the therapy itself and describes two types of animal assisted therapy therapy dogs and therapy cats. It deals with the issue of choosing suitable breeds of dogs and cats, as well as describing the methods and forms of such types of
animal assisted therapy. Subsequent chapters discuss in more detail the use of a dog in therapeutic and medical social work with regard to the type of illness a person suffers from, and the use of therapy dogs in various facilities. The following chapters of this dissertation describe the therapeutic use of cats, as well
as the form and use of therapy cats in therapeutic practice. A cat is not so demanding from the
viewpoint of active movement outside and is suitable in particular where patients are frightened of dogs. It can also be used, in contrast to dogs, in residential programmes, because it is not tied to one person so much. Another type of cat therapy that has gradually started to
take hold in large cities is cat cafes, which provide people with this type of cat therapy and is a good choice for people who, for various reasons, cannot do this form of treatment themselves. The final chapters are devoted to the demands of caring for a dog or cat, the hygiene conditions for owning the animals.
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Public procurement at the local government level
ŠTEMBEROVÁ, Štěpánka
The aim of this thesis is to evaluate public procurement practices and elaborate recommended procurement procedures. The resulting part of the work is devoted to a research of selected municipal contracts in terms of volume and structure. It also shows the development of these contracts in the last five years. The research method for achieving the main aim of the work is a case study. Using two real public contracts is demonstrated a possible procurement process. The research via case studies does not serve to produce a generally valid conclusions. However, it is possible to draw several findings from the examples of public contracts. These findings are applicable to other municipal public procurement.
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Effect of vermicomposting on occurrence of enterococci and Salmonella sp.
Ifková, Sandra ; Hanč, Aleš (advisor) ; Petra, Petra (referee)
Diploma work focuses mainly on the influence of vermicomposting process, which should reduce the incidence of bacteria of family Enterococcus and bacteria of family of Salmonella spp. in the product. As these are among the famous and important human and animal pathogens there was an experiment done to prove this statement.
The experiment took 10 weeks. During the first 14 days (from 9th November 2015) there were samples (pomace of grape vine and apple pomace) taken in the research institute FAPPZ in Červený Újezd. The earthworms were taken form the materials and then taken to SZÚ in Prague with the material, where there was the preparation and analyses of the sample done.
The procedure of sample work was as following. 50g of homogenised material was placed into 48 perforated dishes. The material for the lab experiment was prepared from vermicompost (75%) and from the raw material (25%) so that there was enough nourishment for the earthworms for the duration of the trial. There were certain numbers of microorganisms stated (CPM) in this material. Salmonella reached the values of < 1 CFU/g as the initial substrate. Enterococci in the pomace from the grape vine with earthworms reached the values of 1,1.10 CFU/g, at pomace from the grape vine without earthworms < 750 CFU/g and at apple pomace the value was always < 750 CFU/g. The eathworms were placed upto the half of the glass (2,5g) 6 dishes were chosen from each material, 2 of them served as a check, 2 were inoculated enterococci and 2 with salmonella. There was always one out of 2 dishes placed with earthworms. After the filling there was inoculated of the examined microorganisms. Inoculated variants with enterococci were inoculated of 2.0.107 CFU/g and variants of salmonella by 1.1.108 CFU/g. After inoculated there was sand placed to the dish.
During 8 weeks in frequency of 14 days the chosen samples were taken for analyses. The first analyses was done 23rd November 2025, the 2nd analyses was done 7th December, 3rd analyses was done 21st December 2015 and the 4th analyses was done 4th January 2016. Before the analyses was done the eartworms were taken out of the dish, they were weighted then they vitality was stated.
It was proved there there isn´t any influence of earthworms on the reduction of pathogens according to the experiments. It is impossible to state that there is the influence of eartworms on the process of making compost. The reduction of pathogens was the highest at the family of Salmonella spp. There was obvious reduction at the second week of analyses and in both materials. Bacteria of the family Enterococcus showed slower process of reduction because of higher resistance to temperatures, pH, chemical substances and preparations. The absolute reduction was obvious the during the last week of the experiment.
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Reaction of selected varieties of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus) on the application of fungicides
Vojík, Jan ; Bečka, David (advisor) ; Michal, Michal (referee)
Oilseed rape i sone of the most important crops in the world. I tis the most important oil crop in Czech Republic. I the last 50 years it had undergone large change in breedeng. Ratio of grown hybrids at present tops the open pollinated lines ( planning for harvest in 2016 saw 88% hybrids and only 12% of lines). There are quite important differences between varieties in tolerance to fungal diseases and not only to them. There are first varieties marketed with gene of pot shatter tolerance and others. The pressure of fungal diseases grows due to growing planting area of the rape.
Trials with oil seed rape were established in the growing season 2014/15 on four varieties and two locations. We tested following hybrids: Arsenal (Limagrain), DK Exstorm (Monsanto), Jumper (Bayer), SY Cassidy (Syngenta). The locations were in the district Jičín farm AGRO Slatiny a.s., and in the district Kolín farm ZD Křečhoř a.s.. On each location were planted two trial variants 1) without fungicide application 2) with the application of fungicides. On the location Slatiny were applied three fungicides (Toprex, Paroli, Propulse), on the location Křečhoř also three fungicides (Toprex, Magnello, Amistar XTRA).
The aim of the bachelor study was to test growth yield and qualitative parameters of the varieties together with observation of fungal diseases and their influence on yield and oil content. We were testing the infestation of following diseases Phoma lingam, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Verticilium dahlie Botrytis cinerea.
Hybrid DK Exstorm (195cm) was the tallest variety on both locations followed by hybrid Arsenal (193,5 cm). By number of branches was the best ranked variety hybrid Arsenal, the lowest was SY Cassidy. On fungicide treated variants grew number of pods per m2 by average 6% on both locations. Average yield vas slightly higher in location Křečhoř in both variants, treated (70kg) and untreated (50 kg). On both locations was visible difference between treated and untreated variants. Yield increase was in average 5,4% (200kg/ha). Varieties with best reaction to fungicide treatment were DK Exstorm (Monsanto) and Jumper (Bayer). Fungicide application influenced also crop height, number of branches and pods per m2.
Following conclusions are made in the bachelor study:
- Fungicide application increased yield in average by 5,4% (i.e.200 t/ha) and improwed the health of the crop.
- DK Exstorm and Jumper were varieties with the best reaction on the fungicide treatmentArsenal (4,37 t/ha) was the best yileding variety on both locations followed by hybrid Jumper (4,27 t/ha).
- Arsenal is the recomended variety for both locations Křečhoř and Slatiny
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Where to look for the causes of overcrowded prisons
Dušek, Libor
In the past 10 years, the number of prisoners increased rapidly from 13,000 to 20,500 and the insufficient capacity of prisons became a serious problem. The study shows that the main reasons for the overcrowding of prisons are the immense increase of the probability that a detained offender is convicted together with the increase of the share of convicts receiving a prison sentence. These factors increased the number of prisoners by 3,300 and 3,100, respectively. Another less important reason for the growth of prison population is that the length of sentences has increased in the last two years. Furthermore, the prisoner numbers are affected by the declining crime rate. If crime did not decline in the previous years, the prisons would have to accommodate nearly 24,000 inmates. The study concludes that the current crime policy will lead to even further increase of prisoners. This is because of the dynamics of prisoners’ arrival and release. Due to recent tightening of crime policy, we have not yet reached a balance in the number of prisoners. The study suggests that a potential amnesty would bring only short-term relief and prisons would very quickly be filled again. At least a partial solution would be to use alternative penalties more frequently. If the crime policy continues on the same track, however, the capacity of prisons needs to be extended.
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Evolution of table tenis gaming style in respect of material development
MIKOLÁŠKOVÁ, Martina
The aim of the thesi being presented is to take down the development of table tennis and its impact on particular hit and gaming style techniques. Like in other sports, even in this field the reciprocal interconnection and conditional nature of these txo aspects is considered to be present. The thesis maps out the individual developmental stages in table tennis and, subsequently, to explicate the material equipment (paddle, ball, table, outfit) from the beginning of table tennis to the present and to analyze changes of their parameters in respect of changes to the rules during the development.
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