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Valve controls and their timing
Vajčner, Patrik ; Pexa, Martin (advisor) ; Kotek, Tomáš (referee)
Abstract: Comparison of different types of valve operating mechanisms is the main aim of the Bachelor thesis. This was done from the point of view of the construction manufacturing, with regard to the engine performance, user´s comfort and fuel consumption of a vehicle. There were two types of valve operating mechanisms chosen for the purpose of the Thesis. The first one is a typical classic system whereas the second one is a modern type with a possibility of timing, which allows different timing for valves opening and closing. This process is dependent on the current requirement of engine output. Achievement of the optimal engine output for every specific type of ride is not the main purpose of the correct timing of valves and engine run adjustment in a vehicle. It also allows for a reduction of the excessive engine load and gradual wearing of each part of the system. Of course another very significant reason is to lower the fuel consumption as much as possible with regard to reduction of harmful, environmental unfriendly gases and emissions.
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Human behaviour in crisis situations
Kubáčková, Petra ; Kebza, Vladimír (advisor) ; Daniel, Daniel (referee)
The thesis, entitled "Human behaviour in crisis situations", is focused on the issue of floods as a specific emergency situation. The theoretical part analyses the emergency situation itself, its initiators and development. Subsequently, it describes crisis interventions and fundamental strategies, which help to successfully overcome the crisis. Furthermore, the first part deals with stress, its impact on our health, stress responses and possible strategies how to control it. Consequently, it describes forms of social support, which are important for people affected by the emergency situation. The partial conclusion aims to theoretically summarize the issue of floods. The practical part is based on
a quantitative research method, specifically questionnaire survey, which was targeted on people, who have experienced floods, and thus help to characterize their behavior. The second partial conclusion summarizes the questionnaire responses and the hypotheses will be either verified or falsified at the end.
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Motivation system of enterprise and its effect of efficiency of human capital
BERKOVÁ, Ilona
Theme of this thesis is motivation system of enterprise and its effect of efficiency of human capital. The main aim is evaluation of motivation system in specific enterprise and its effect of efficiency of human capital. Another aim is analysis of motivation factors and specific remuneration system, which is applied in this company. According to analyzed information there were suggested appropriate changes which could make more efficient motivation system. Suggested changes could motivate employees to higher efficiency. In the first part of this thesis there were elaborated information from Czech and foreign specialist literature. Bases for experimental part were gained from public available sources and internal document of company. Thanks of information was realized analysis of remuneration and motivation system which is applied in this enterprise. These documents were used to evaluation of efficiency of human capital. Satisfaction of employees with applied system was evaluated according to survey.
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Erosion control geotextiles on slopes along roads
Stoklasová, Lucie ; Kalibová, Jana (advisor) ; Petrů, Jan (referee)
The thesis is focused on erosion control on steep slopes along roads, primarily using erosion control geotextiles. The first part of the thesis provides a review on water erosion. Next, the thesis emphasises the importance of erosion control and describes possibile methods of mitigation or elimination of soil erosion on steep non-productive slopes using geotextiles. Another chapter is focused on the classification of geotextiles and how to use them in practice. The second part of the thesis presents three specific projects where erosion control geotextiles and geocells have been applied. In the end, the author discusses the suitability of methods applied in the examined projects and suggests a chronological classification of individual geotextile-products according to their effectiveness. This ordering may serve as an useful tool during the decision-making process when designing erosion control measures on steep slopes along roads.
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Glycaemic index of food and its determination
Špiláčková, Aneta ; Kouřimská, Lenka (advisor) ; Monika, Monika (referee)
The purpose of this thesis was to elaborate a literature recherche on a given theme with focus on analytical methods to estimate the glycaemic index of food.
This bachelor thesis is divided into three main chapters. First chapter describes general characteristics of glycaemic index of foods and influencing factors. In this chapter states the influence of high and low glycaemic index foods on health, wellbeing and glycaemia in humans. Subsequent part of this chapter is dealing with many other factors that influence the absolute amount of glucose in blood in 2 hour interval after meal.
Chapter two initiates into conventional and continual methods of glycaemia measurement.It highlights the advantages and limitations of each of these methods.
Third, the most extensive chapter is dealing with methods of glycaemic index assessment. This chapter is broken down into two parts. First part specifies clinical methods that are also called in vivo, and the second part is focusing on in vitro methods. Clinical methods require blood glycaemia measurement in healthy volunteers after consuming a test meal. With this method we are able to reliably state the glycaemic index of certain foods.
The limiting factor of this method is that it is rather time-consuming and it requires higher financial means. These measurements take place under a strict control, according to guidelines and only with the approval of ethical committee.
Analytical methods are based on simulation of human digestion. In vitro methods use hydrolysis index to obtain the glycaemic index. The final values are only an assessment of glycaemic index of given food. Other method that is described is measurement of fast and slowly available glucose and starch in given test foods. It is based on measurement of released glucose from the test food with HPLC method, time incubation and standardized conditions. Last method includes partitioning of a test food, and subsequent HPLC analysis of carbohydrates and sugar alcohols. The HPLC results are processed in artificial neural network to reveal glycaemic index values.
The advantages and disadvantages of each mentioned method are stated in conclusion of this work. I compared and contrasted reliability, elaborateness, budget demands
of analytical methods with clinical assessment methods.
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Mining of data from information systems and their subsequent processing for purposes of financial controlling
Hošnová, Lenka ; Očenášek, Vladimír (advisor) ; Junek, Pavel (referee)
Bachelor thesis is focused on evaluating the effectiveness of data manipulation, which are used in the financial controlling.
In the first part, the author introduces theoretical solutions, especially the activities and operations of financial controlling in the organizational structure of the company,the concepts of business intelligence, data mining and data processing.
In the analytical part, the author describes the role of financial controlling in particular Czech company, introduces a set of monitored indicators and description of the use of information systems and data flows, resulting in controlling outputs.
In the concluding section, the author evaluates the efficiency of data processing, proposes procedural changes and comments on the company's ability to implement the changes.
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Frame saws controling - maintenance and utilization of the saw blades
Štanzl, Radek ; Sarvašová Kvietková, Monika (advisor) ; Sedlecký, Miroslav (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of operating frame saws, maintenance and usage of saw blades. In the introductory part, historic development and improvement of frame saws in the Czech Republic and abroadis gradually dismantled. The second part focuses on the theoretical analysis of the process of cutting frame saws. Next part deals with technical - technological characteristics of frame saws. The cutting mechanism and also the usage of the machineis described there. Next part is focused on categorization of cutting frame saws according to a frame diameter and from the kinematic point of view. The next section describes the methods of division by frame saws, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of the machines. The following section focuses on the cutting tool of frame saws, its definition and characteristics. In this section, a saw blades, its distribution, shape and geometry are described. The final part deals with maintenance of saw blades, compensation and removal of local defects of internal stress, subsequent control of internal tensions, as well as distributing of the blades. Further more, this part deals with grinding wheels for sharpening of saw blades and mistakes that occurduring the sharpening of the saws.
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Periodontal Disease of Dogs
Škutová, Šárka ; Barták, Miroslav (advisor) ; Olekšáková, Tereza (referee)
Periodontal disease (PD) affects periodontium and thanks to its prevalence it is considered to be one of the most occurred diseases in small animals and even in human. The uppermost etiological agens presents bacterial plaque. Bacterial plaque strongly accumulate if it is not eliminated and it might be the cause of development of gingivitis or even periodontitis over time.
The anatomy itself is relatively large, since the oral cavity is comprised of many kinds of tissues and a detailed description thereof would cover 70 pages at least. That is why the main aim of this work was to attempt to select the most basic information only.
Due to dividing of anatomical structures into bones, soft tissues, salivary glands and teeth, the individual components of supporting apparatus (periodontium) are not described in chapter called ,,periodontium,,. Here is explained its purpose and a description and function of periodontal ligament, which has not been included above. Particular attention was paid to the teeth. Determining the type and the number of individual teeth, the knowledge of their structure and the number of roots, all of that is important when it comes to a tooth extraction. The knowledge of tooth marking, dental formulas, identification systems and odontogenesis itself is equally important.
As for each disease, the etiology is the essential part for understanding the formation of disease. Bacterial plaque, which adheres to enamel of teeth is regarded (as already mentioned) as initial etiological agens. It can mineralize in tartar in varying degrees depending on every individual subject (animal). There are involved other risk factors at onset of the disease such as age, breed, number and line-up of the teeth, their pathology, diet, but also some diseases.
PD can be classified in two basic forms (gingivitis, periodontitis). Gum inflammation, or gingivitis, is often denoted as initial and totally reversible stage of disease. It is possible that there may not be present any symptoms or just slight redness at the beginning. Later stage leads to swelling, pain and significant bleeding, whereas it can manifest in periodontitis if therapy is absent.
Periodontitis affects the entire periodontium and it is often called as an irreversible stage. Although thanks to guided tissue and bone regeneration it is possible to achieve at least slight improvement these days. In most patients disease passes into chronic form, causes them not only pain during eating, but may also result in various systemic diseases. A special form which affects younger individuals is called ,,juvenile periodontitis,,. Diagnosis is primarily based on the medical history and examination of the oral cavity. Tartar index, gingivitis index, grades of tooth mobility and other parameters, which helps to determine the extension of disease and stage can be obtained using the intraoral radiographic, visual examination and measurement by periodontal probe. All collected information can be used to devise recommended therapy.
The sole therapy depends on the state of the patient and the requirements of the owner. It consists of several steps. The essence is especially removal of any deposits of bacterial plaque and tartar, correction of teeth pathologies (smoothing rough surfaces) and tissues pathologies to eventual tooth extraction. As part of the therapy may also be chosen application of antibiotics and other preparations supporting wound healing. Many specialists have been developing new treatments over the past 10 years, but most of them are still not fully finished. These include the development of vaccines, photodynamic therapy, or guided tissue and bone regeneration, which were already mentioned.
An integral part of therapy is home dental care. Without consistent home care there is a high probability of relapse.
An important weapon against the rise of PD are various preventive measures. The most effective method of prevention is probably regular tooth brushing using a brush and a special paste made for animals. However, many owners prefer to avoid this method. They rather elect to feed dry diets, dental treats and other products which help to reduce the amount of plaque and tartar. Another option is a professional teeth cleaning performed by a veterinarian.
A survey via questionnaire consisted of 16 questions, which were aimed at awareness of the disease, age, sex, breed, size, diet, preparations which help to control amount of plaque and tartar, systemic diseases and especially the presence of PD, age at first hit by disease, the circumstances of diagnosis, stage, treatment and relapse.
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Is There Something Beyond AI? Frequently Emerging, but Seldom Answered Questions about Artificial Super-Intelligence
Wiedermann, Jiří
Using the contemporary theories and views of computing and of cognitive systems we indicate possible answers to the following frequently asked questions about artificial intelligence: (i) what is the "computational power" of artificial cognitive systems?; (ii) are there "levels" of intelligence?; (iii) what is the position of human intelligence w.r.t. the "levels" of intelligence?; (iv) is there a general mechanism of intelligence?; (v) can "fully-fledged" body-less intelligence exist?; (vi) can there exist a sentient cloud? We give qualified arguments suggesting that within the large class of computational models of cognitive systems the answers to the previous question are positive. These arguments are mostly based on the author's recent works related to this problematics.
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Influence of water deficit on physiological characteristics of selected species of green leafy vegetables
Kraus, Kamil ; Hnilička, František (advisor) ; Dana, Dana (referee)
The harmful influences on plants are called stress factors. The stress itself does not slow down only vital functions of plants but influences directly the size and quality of final product as well.
Worldwide, we count the so called abiotic stresses as the most significant crop production stressors. These include in recent years extremely high temperatures and unequal rainfall distribution both areal and during vegetation period.
The water deficit (drought) belongs to the most important stress factors in agriculture. It influences crop production all over the world. Also vegetables are responsive to water deficit, especially the species with huge amount of water in their tissue. Therefore, the goal of this thesis is to assess the impact of water stress on gas exchange and photosynthetic activity of mangold "Beta vulgaris", salad rocket "Eruca sativa" and lettuce "Lactuca sativa", which were placed at water deficit.
The plants - mangold, salad rocket and lettuce - were grown in a partly controlled greenhouse conditions under the Department of Botany and Plant Physiology FAPPZ ČZU in Prague. The plants were grown at a temperature of 25°C in daytime and 18°C at night under natural light conditions. They were grown in containers of size of 11x11 cm in a mixture of garden substrate A and silica sand in the ration 2:1. The experimental scheme included two variants - control and stressed. The control group of plants was watered, and the second half of plants was left under stress for 22 days, when the water deficit was induced by gradual drying for one month, the experiment took place from 1.6 2015 to 22.6 2015. The speed of gas exchange by plants was measured by apparatus LCpro+. From the values of photosynthesis and transpiration water use efficiency (WUE) and chlorophyll fluorescence were calculated.
The gained results proved difference at reaction to water stress between observed kinds of leaf vegetables.
The speed of photosynthesis and transpiration of observed plant species was measured, which decreased due to impact of water deficit. The average speed of photosynthesis of stressed plants was the lowest by lettuce (11,16 "mikro"mol CO2.m-2.s-1), contrarily the highest by mangold (13,2"mikro"mol CO2.m-2.s-1). In case of control plants was the lowest speed of photosynthesis noticed by lettuce (12,03"mikro"mol CO2.m-2.s-1) and the highest by mangold (14,00"mikro"mol CO2.m-2.s-1). In comparison with control group, the speed of photosynthesis of lettuce decreased significantly by impact of water deficit (difference make 7,23 %). On the other hand the lowest decrease of photosynthesis from stressed plants 5,93% was noticed for mangold.
In case of speed of transpiration, it is possible to note, that the lowest transpiration of control group shows mangold with the average speed of transpiration 1,82 mmol H2O.m-2.s-1, by contrast the highest transpiration was measured by lettuce 3,20 mmol H2O. m-2.s-1. In the case of stressed plants moved the average speed of transpiration between 1,54 mmol H2O.m-2.s-1 for lettuce and 1,79 (mmol H2O.m-2.s-1) for mangold. Also, between control and stressed plants of the same species were found differences, and salad rocket reacted to stress of drought more sensitively and mangold less sensitively. For these two plant species was noted decrease of transpiration in the amount of 23,80% and 1,76%.
From the measured value of photosynthesis and transpiration was calculated water use efficiency (WUE). The calculated values show that stressed plants have higher value of WUE in comparison to control plants. The lowest water efficiency from control plants produced salad rocket
(6.51 x 10-3), while the highest mangold (10.31 x 10-3). In the case of stressed plants was the lowest value of WUE noted for salad rocket (8.96 x 10-3), while for mangold was the highest (10.71 x 10-3).
Chlorophyll fluorescence of the experimental plants was also measured. This characteristic was not influenced by plant species, because in case of control plants, there were no differences found between observed plant species. The lowest difference in value of fluorescence had plants of lettuce (0,69) while the highest mangold and salad rocket (0,7). In conclusion it is possible to note, that more sensitive to water deficit are plants of lettuce. As more tolerant to water deficit seems mangold and salad rocket.
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