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Vliv alternativních krmiv na parametry užitkovosti nosnic
Matějková, Jana
The diploma thesis deals with two experiments with non-traditional fodder. During the first experiment, the effect of the addition of Silybum marianum in the feeding mixture of laying hens on laying eggs and their quality was monitored. In the second experiment, the effect of the addition of variety of wheat Citrus with higher carotenoid content on laying eggs and their parameters of quality. Both mixtures were presented to laying hens of Isa Brown hybrid. The effect of these two feeds was compared with a group of laying hens that were fed with a control feeding mixture with a commonly available wheat variety. During the experiment, a significant difference (p <0.05) was observed for the yolk color indicator. After the evaluation of the obtained data in the STATISTICA 12 program, the positive effect of the variety of wheat Citrus on the yolk color and the weight of the laid egg was found, while the consumption of the feeding mixture was significantly higher (p <0.05) compared to control feeding mixture. In the case of the experimental group which was fed with the experimental feeding mixture with the addition of Silybum marianum, there was a significant (p <0.05) lower consumption of the feed compared to the control group and had a significant (p <0.05) lower number of laid eggs per group and day.
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Stanovení mastných kyselin ve vejcích v závislosti na druhu krmení u nosných slepic
Losertová, Milena
The aim of the diploma thesis was to monitor the influence of grass in feed on fatty acid content in eggs. The experiment was carried out on Lohmann Brown Classic hybrids at the age of 12 weeks. Layers were divided into five groups. The feed was enriched by a 5% drop of Trifolium pretense, Trifolium repens, Medicago sativa and Lolium perenne. The control group were fed in a diet containing color-promoting additives. The fattening took three months. Egg samples were collected at the end of the month. Feedin and the power was run ad libitum. The effect of the addition of dried plants was significantly (P < 0,05) to the color of the yolk. A statistically significant (P < 0,05) incerease in palmitic acid in eggs was recorded during the experiment in eggs produced by laying hens which were in diet containing addition of Trifolium pretense and Medicago sativa. A demonstrable increase (P < 0,05) was also observed in laying hens which were fed with a mixture enriched with Trifolium pretense in percent α-linolenic acid content.
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Význam chovu Indického běžce
Kalivodová, Monika
The main purpose of this bachelor thesis was find out the importance of breeding an Indian runner duck. In this thesis I deal with the breeding and utilization of the Indian runner duck, and also with his history and extension. I also focused on the ancestor of the domestic duck, the wild duck. I have dealt with its hisotry, expansion and way of life. In this bachelor thesis, I also described what breeds of wild duck exist and are recornized in the Czech Republic.
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Ileální stravitelnost vápníku v závislosti na tvorbě skořápky
Jaroš, Jaromír
The aim of the study was to observe changes in illeal digestibility of calcium and phosphorus during shell formation. The experiment was conducted on 350 Lohmann LSL-Classic hybrids laying whiteshelled eggs. At the time of the experiment, layers were fed with 115 g per layer per day of DeHeus N1 Power with the supplement of 0,5 % of chromium dioxide. Five groups were established. T1 (5–6 hours after laying), T2 (7–8 hours after laying), T3 (9–10 hours after laying), T4 (11–12 hours after laying), T5 (13–14 hours after laying). Six replications for each group were performed. All laying hens were housed in the same conditions in enriched cages. The ileal digestibility of calcium and phosphorus was determined by the indicator method. Within the first 10 hours after laying the last egg, the digestibility of calcium stayed unchanged at 61–62 %. A statistically significant increase in digestibility up to 75 % occurred approximately 12 hours after the lay in the T4 group. The digestibility of the phosphorus was fluctuating across all groups. Extension of the study throughout the whole process of eggshell formation would show a more comprehensive view of the issue.
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Variability of the domestic chicken breeds in selected immunological traits of hen and egg
Bílková, Barbora ; Vinkler, Michal (advisor) ; Plachý, Jiří (referee) ; Trefil, Pavel (referee)
The avian immune system is a complex system of defence mechanisms that protect bird hosts against threats from ubiquitous pathogens. According to the co-evolutionary models, variability in immune traits of hosts is the key component providing ability to adapt and enhance their defence mechanisms in presence of constant selective pathogen pressure. Domestic chicken (Gallus gallus f. domestica) is used as a model organism in avian biology and also is one of the most important food-producing animals, not only for their meat but also for the egg production. Unfortunately, in research usually only inbred chicken lines are used and modern poultry husbandry is tight with unilateral breeding towards highly productive breeds. Those approaches decrease intra-population polymorphism in chickens. However, especially in case of farm animals, searching and extending the pool of immune variability and enhancing pathogen resistance is crucial for sustaining healthy and biologically secure populations and their products. Morphologically highly distinct traditional chicken breeds, which have evolved for hundreds years under different selective pressures, may represent this desirable immunological variability. In my thesis I described variability in chosen immunological traits, haematological parameters and proteomic...
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Reologické vlastnosti žloutků slepičích vajec v průběhu skladování
Pavková, Lucie
The thesis deals with the influence of storage time on particular physical and rheolo-gical properties of a yolk of chicken eggs. Monitored eggs were stored at 6 °C for 8 weeks. The thesis describes the influence of storage time on physical characteristics of a whole egg, such as weight and shape index. As expected, the weight loss of chicken eggs was demonstrated during eight weeks storing. Egg yolk (colour, height, width, weight, index and density) was also described and evaluated in detail. According to our estimates, there are no significant changes in weight during yolk storing. But yolk index is distinctly decreased. During the final part of monitoring rheological properties were evaluated - apparent viscosity, time dependence of viscosity and dependence of shear stress on the shear rate (flow curves). The experiments have proved Newtonian behaviour of egg yolk throughout the storage. The storage time has also clear impact on flow properties of yolk. The results of each experiment were modelled using the power law (Ostwald-de Waele) model.
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Factors affecting deposition of selected antimicrobial substances into the egg structures
Pokorná, Monika ; Javůrková, Veronika (advisor) ; Svobodová, Jana (referee)
Both during the ovogenesis and immediately after the laying is a bird egg exposed to strong pressure from the microorganisms which are able to penetrate the egg through eggshell pores and infect its inner structures. With regard to the proved negative effects on hatchability, viability and phenotype of offspring, a cascade of obstacles has evolved which are able to minimize the risk of bacterial infection. The deposition of antimicrobial components into the eggshell and the egg white is considered to be one of them. A whole group of egg white proteins belong to them, among which lysozyme and ovotransferrin, which are also partially deposited into the eggshell and cuticular layer of the eggshell, dominate with their antimicrobial effect. The implication of the newest studies is that the microbial protection of the egg can be also performed by the eggshell pigments - biliverdin and protoporphyrin, which protect the egg from being colonized by microorganisms with an increased UV light and regulation of conductivity and water vapour condensation on the egg surface. Even though the presence of these antimicrobial components in different structures of the egg has been proved, there is no known comparative study which addresses the relation between deposition of selected antimicrobial components into...
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Morphology and reproduction parameters of Achatinidae (Gastropoda)
BUNDOVÁ, Michaela
The bachelor thesis deals with aspects of breeding of gastropods of the family Achatinidae. The thesis contains basic information about the family Achatinidae and the overview of the gastropods of the family Achatinidae in the Czech Republic. There is a problem of reproduction of terrestrial gastropod mollusks and Achatinidae land snail. In the practical part, data were collected from the breeders of these gastropods. There was the determination of the basic morphological parameters of the sexually mature land snail and the size of the clutches, which were compared among the specified species. The processed results show that the larger the individual's shell, the greater the number and the volume of the eggs in the clutch. With the increasing number of eggs in the clutch, the volume of eggs decreased.
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