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Evaporative water loss in geckos of the genus Paroedura
Myslíková, Tereza ; Starostová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Okrouhlik, Jan (referee)
Keeping a balanced state in terms of liquids in an organism, especially evaporative water loss regulation, is essential for all terrestial animals, including reptiles. Respiratory water loss and cutaneous water loss account for the highest percentage of total water loss. For this reason, the degree of evaporative water loss in reptiles can be primarily influenced by body dimensions, metabolism intensity and morphology of body surface scales. This thesis focuses on water loss through evaporation in Madagascan Paroedura geckos. The Paroedura are suitable for this research because they represent a monophyletic genus with a strongly supported hypothesis about phylogenetic relationships. The thesis adds some facts to this theory. At the same time, individual Paroedura species differ in body dimensions and habitat preference. The aim of the thesis was to find out whether individual representatives of Paroedura differ in TEWL, to specify the characteristics of the ancestral state of TEWL in this genus and to test which morphological and physiological factors influence TEWL. Further aim was to measure cutaneous water loss. Measuring was carried out by flow- through respirometry. The results show that individual representatives of Paroedura differ remarkably in TEWL figures. The reconstruction of the...
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Assisted reproductive technology in reptiles
Kánská, Barbora ; Kratochvíl, Lukáš (advisor) ; Frýdlová, Petra (referee)
The thesis deals with assisted reproduction techniques in reptiles. The class of reptiles (Reptilia), as is classically described, is paraphyletic taxa. That is the reason why birds (Aves) are included for completeness of this thesis. For the sake of clarity, the term "reptiles" is used in the thesis within the meaning of traditional reptile orders (squamates, tuataras, chelonians and crocodilians), which together with birds form the monophyletic class Sauropsida. The development of assisted reproduction techniques has been mainly focused on mammals so far. However, given the numbers of endangered species of reptiles and birds, it is clear that more attention should be paid to them, as assisted reproduction techniques can represent one of the ways to prevent their extinction. This thesis deals with those methods. Semen collection and its subsequent storage represent the first step to successful artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization. Cryopreservation and following transplantation of ovarian and testicular tissues (already successful in birds) is a promising method for conservation programs in endangered animal species. Furthermore, captive animal breeding is briefly mentioned, which is not an assisted reproduction technique in the true sense of the word, but offers an example of saving...
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Sauroleishmania: development in the vectors and hosts
Tichá, Lucie ; Volf, Petr (advisor) ; Kodym, Petr (referee)
Leishmania of subgenus Sauroleishmania are parasites of reptiles, most often lizards, and are not pathogenic for humans. Therefore, they are neglected group of pathogens and their life cycle is not well-known. They are transmitted probably by ingestion of infected vector which is usually considered as sand flies of genus Sergentomyia (Diptera: Psychodidae). Sauroleishmania are traditionally denominated in Hypopylaria and it is expected that their development is limited to sand fly hindgut. The main aim of this work is to summarize the present knowledge about Sauroleishmania life cycle and to elucidate some aspects of their development in the vector and host. In the first part of thesis we studied development of four Sauroleishmania species in various sand flies of genera Sergentomyia and Phlebotomus. Late-stage infections of Leishmania (S.) adleri and L. (S.) hoogstraali were found in six and two sand fly species, respectively. Hypopylarian infections of Leishmania (S.) adleri were found in Se. schwetzi, P. papatasi and P. sergenti, while in P. argentipes, P. orientalis and P. duboscqi this Sauroleishmania migrated anteriorly in the midgut (peripylarian development). Similar type of development was observed also in P. argentipes and P. orientalis infected by Leishmania (S.) hoogstraali. Both L....
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Analysis of trends in international trade in reptiles
BOHATÁ, Marie
International reptile trade is regulated by Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Informations about these transactions are entered into the CITES Trade Database. The aim of this thesis was to organize log entries of reptile international trade taken from this database in 1975 2014 time period and their evalution. The focus was directed at the trade volume, whether traded specimen were outsourced from the wild or from captivity, and traded forms of these specimen. For better understanding and orientation in traded volume conversion to whole organism equivalents was used.
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Reptile assemblages along succession gradient in oak forests of Podyji National Park
BALOUN, Jaroslav
This thesis focuses on the effects of succession on forest clearings on reptile assemblages in Podyjí National Park. The topic and results presented here follow up my bachelor thesis evaluating habitat preference of reptiles in Podyjí National Park and their assemblages on experimental clearings in the core zone of NP Podyjí. The reptile monitoring was conducted on the clearings and nearby control habitats using a method of artifical shelters and method of transect walks. Abundance of reptile species on clearings, and effect of gradual succession on the clearings on individual reptile species was studied and evaluated. While the creation of clearings clearly benefited most termophilous reptile species, including e.g. the Green lizard (Lacerta viridis) and the Aesculapian snake (Zamenis longissimus), the effect of succession is more difficult to assess owing to rather high variation among years. Only the L. viridis significantly derceased with the course of succession, while the Slow worm (Anguis fragilis) benefited from it.
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Impact of military operations on diversity and occurrence of reptiles in protected landscape area Brdy
VOSKA, Václav
The main aim of this diploma thesis is to prove impacts of military, especially artillery activities on populations of reptiles. For our research was chosen the territory of central Brdy which was more than eighty years used by Armed Forces of the Czech Republic for training of artillery troops Jince. In the past there operated Armed Forces of Czechoslovakia or Armed Forces of Czechoslovakia Federative Republic. The Protected Landscape Area Brdy has been extended on the majority of former military district territory since 2016. The goal of the thesis is to elaborate the literary recherché which compares suitability of disruption management in various military space and Protected Landscape Areas. On the basis of personal monitoring of reptiles and earlier results we found out diversity and expansion of reptiles in Protected Landscape area Brdy and influence of previous or current military activities on reptiles. Achieved results will be compared with the other military area and Protected Landscape Areas. The outcome of this thesis will be also the proposal for perspective protection of reptiles in areas with present or past military activities.
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Mechanism of complex tooth shape development in reptiles
Landová, Marie ; Zahradníček, Oldřich ; Dosedělová, Hana ; Kavková, M. ; Zikmund, T. ; Buchtová, Marcela
Tooth shape formation in mammals is well known proces thanks to the broad studies on the mouse molars. The main role in regulation of this proces plays the enamel knot. Enamel knots are formed by cluster of cells, which serves as a source of numerous signalling molecules such as SHH or members of WNT, BMP and FGF families. Almost all our knowledge about teeth came from study on the mouse model. For better understanding of odontogenesis, it is however necessary to compare developmental processes to another species. One of the most heterogenic group of dentition type and shape are reptiles. How the shape of their teeth completed is still unknown. Aim of our study is therefore to uncover developmental processes involved in cusp formation in non-mammalian species with focus on reptiles. As model species for this study, we selected chameleons where multicuspis teeth develop in the caudal area of the jaw.
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Taxidermal Mounts of the Reptiles, Small Mammals and Fishes
Kubátová, Claudie ; Řezníček, Jan (advisor) ; Poláchová, Tereza (referee)
1 ABSTRACT The thesis is conceived as detailed guide to create a dermoplastic models for teachers of natural history and biology. The first part focuses on the actual field of taxidermy and its methods. It includes some possible methods leading to the making of dermoplastic models of mammals, reptiles and fishes. The second part describes the created models of mammals, reptiles and fishes. This section also contains the characteristics of individual species and recent research from specialized foreign literature.
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Evolution of sex chromosomes and karyotypes in the lizard clade Laterata
Buchbauerová, Lucie ; Kratochvíl, Lukáš (advisor) ; Šťáhlavský, František (referee)
The aim of this study was to summarize all what is known about the karyotype and about sex chromosomes in the lizard clade Laterata and to analyze this two gained datasets by means of a phylogeny. Karyotype represents a whole number of chromosomes in a cell and it is an important source of informations on how the genetic information in nucleus is organized and how it works along with the evolution. The Laterata clade consists of four big groups of squamate reptiles: Teiidae, Gymnophthalmidae, Amphisbaenia and Lacertidae. All the groups have a genotypic sex determination system (GSD) and some species within these clades pones sex chromosomes. If they are present, in Teiidae and Gymnophthalmidae it is the XY sex chromosome system which determines the sex of a specimen. On the other hand, in Amphisbaenia and Lacertidae it is the ZW system of sex determination. Sometimes the X1X1X2X2:X1X2Y or Z1Z1Z2Z2:Z1Z2W sex chromosome system occurs in Teiidae / Gymnophthalmidae or in Lacertidae, respectively. The phylogenetical analysis was performed in Mesquite programme and the output from the analysis is a phylogenetical tree with two characters (number of chromosomes and the sex determination system) and the maximum parsimony counted for each of them. Then the interpretation was in the order and it is the main...
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Factors influencing flight-initiation distance in reptiles and the comparison with endotherm vertebrates
Fictumová, Tereza ; Frýdlová, Petra (advisor) ; Sedláček, Ondřej (referee)
The fleeing behaviour is one of the most common antipredatory strategy. It is intensively studied in many groups of animals. The flight-initiation distance (FID) is used for quantification of fleeing behaviour. The FID represents the distance between a prey and an approaching predator in which the prey starts fleeing. The FID is also used for quantifying of preys fear. The factors influencing FID in reptiles are: temperature, habitat, refuge availability, foraging strategies, predator behaviour etc. I discovered some factors which are different for mammals and birds. The most important difference is the ectothermy in reptiles vs. the endothermy in mammals and birds. Another difference is parental care, alarm calls and grouping. The factors as an influence of predator, refuge availability or type of habitat seems to have very similar or the same impact on FID for both groups.
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