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Differentiation of radiological assistants in particular branches (X-ray, Nuclear medicine, Radiotherapy)
PROKOPOVÁ, Šárka
Bachelor thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part is about the details of the work of the departments, which include x-ray, nuclear medicine and radiotherapy. The entire work is supplemented by my own photographs, as well as photographs from public information sources. There is also a brief history of radiology. I also stated the most important personalities of this scope and their inventions. Next, I put in the work tables and charts from the Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic and compared them with my results. In the practical section, I focused on creating questionnaires for doctors and radiology assistants. These questionnaires were designed for employees of branches RTG, NUM and RTO. For physicians was prepared 12 questions and for radiological assistants 14 questions. Respondents answered in the form of a check mark one or more responses. There are also questions, where the answer must be indicated in written form. Then were the collected results sorted into the different categories according to the scope. Then I transferred the resulting data in a graphical form. At the end of the practical part I commented on the data and added my own opinions and insights. The survey was carried out in the form of personally or electronic distributing the questionnaires to individual hospitals throughout the Czech Republic. The results were then delivered to me by a mail or I had to go for them into concrete hospitals personally. It depended on the willingness of a particular hospital. The work will be used for educational purposes and to raise awareness among university students and professional public.
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Accumulation 99mTc-pertechnetate in the thyroid gland
BARTOŠ, Štěpán
The objective of this bachelor thesis is to answer the following research question: "What is the extent of normal values of Technetium-99m accumulation in the thyroid gland?" I gained the answer by collecting data and subsequently assessing results of static scintigraphy of thyroid gland examined in 34 patients at the Department of Nuclear Medicine in the hospital Nemocnice České Budějovice. The reference file of patients was collected from January to December 2017. On the basis of clinical data on the examination request form, the supervisor excluded results that showed symptoms of hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism or thyroiditis. The anatomy and physiology of the thyroid gland and parathyroid glands are described in the introduction of the theoretical part of the bachelor thesis. The following chapter characterizes thyroid disorders. The last chapter describes the examination of thyroid gland using methods of nuclear medicine, check-up, radiopharmaceutical drugs used and making and processing an image. The practical part describes the procedure of elaborating my bachelor thesis at the Department of Nuclear Medicine in the hospital Nemocnice České Budějovice. There I worked with evaluating computer program Xeleris with the Thyroid Uptake Index application. I plotted the region of interest around the thyroid gland manually and calculated the value of accumulation in the thyroid gland with a programme. I processed the gained values statistically using formulas to count the average, standard deviation and percentile in Microsoft Excel. I fixed the percentile for 10 % and 90 %. Calculations show that a normal value of Technetium-99m accumulation in the thyroid gland ranges from 0.4 % to 1.8 % and the average is 0.85 %. This work can serve as evaluation of normal values of accumulation during examining thyroid gland at departments of nuclear medicine.
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Influence of the time interval from the radiopharmaceutical administration on the bone / background activity ratio in the bone scintigraphy
ZAHOŘOVÁ, Tereza
Influence of the time interval from the application of radiopharmaceutical on the activity ratio of bone/backround during the skeletal scintigraphy. The presented thesis aims to demonstrate the effect of the selected time interval from the application of radiopharmaceutical until the start of whole body skeletal scintigraphy on the quality of examination of patients at the department of nuclear medicine at the Clinic of imaging methods in FN Pilsen. The ratio between the background and bone activity of patients will vary with the length of the interval between the application of radiopharmaceuticals and the beginning of imaging. We expect that with prolonging of the time interval the ratio between the background and bone activity will increase, which means a higher quality of your imaging in practise. The hypothesis of this thesis expects a differentiation of ratio between the background and bone activity depending on the time of initiating whole body scintigraphy from the time of application of radiopharmaceuticals. To determine the ratio value a reference file of males aged 25-65 years (year of birth from 1951 to 1991, the year of examination from 2013 to 2016), weighing 65-95 kg was created, where scintigraphy does not show pathology in the examined area of the skeleton or in the soft tissues on the left thigh. These patients were divided into two groups according to the time intervals between the application and the beginning of the whole body skeletal scintigraphy. The first group consists of 30 patients who were examined less than 120 minutes after the application of the radiopharmaceutical. The second group consists of 30 patients who were examined more than 120 minutes after the application of the radiopharmaceutical. Using the ROI technique, values from the areas L5, right femur and soft tissue structures on the left thigh are obtained. These values are then used to calculate the time intervals on the activity ratio of bone/backround and verify the hypothesis, which assumes that the ratio values between the above mentioned groups will be different. This difference should prove that a longer time interval between the application of the radiopharmaceutical and the beginning of scintigraphy will bring a higher quality of scintigraphic imaging. This qualitative factor will be beneficial both for patients and their physicians who have to describe these scintigrams.
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Scintigraphicdetection of the parathyroid tissue in hyperparathyroidism.
Chroustová, Daniela ; Kubinyi, Jozef (advisor) ; Adam, Zdeněk (referee) ; Vlček, Petr (referee)
The aim of this work is the assessment of the diagnostic accuracy in parathyroid glands (PG) detection by various scintigraphic methods and to propose the optimal examination procedure for successful localization of hyperfunctional PG. The patients were divided into 3 groups with individual types of hyperparathyroidism (HPT): group I. primary PHPT (253 patients), group II. normocalcemic NPHPT (75 patients) and group III. secondary SHPT (61 patients). For all the patients protocol A was performed: one day a two-phase SPECT/CT scan using 99mTc-MIBI (technetium 2-methoxyisobutylisonitrile) depicted simultaneously thyroid gland and PG, and another day thyroid SPECT using 99mTc-NaTcO4 (pertechnetate) for 3D subtraction analysis. In case of 44 patients from group I with negative or unclear results of the protocol A also protocol B was performed: PET/CT using 18F-FCH (fluorocholine). The results of surgery and histology served as a "gold standard" for the assessment of the accuracy of scintigraphic findings. In group I. 209/253 patients had a positive finding on scintigraphy using protocol A and 44 patients with an unclear or negative finding of protocol A underwent protocol B examination. In total, 253 patients were operated. The results of the diagnostic accuracy: sensitivity, specificity, positive...
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Selective complexation of transition metals ions
Beliš, Marek ; Kotek, Jan (advisor) ; Vojtíšek, Pavel (referee)
Copper radionuclides possess physical properties suitable for utilization in nuclear medicine. Important part of their preparation is separation from mother elements, usually zinc or nickel. Currently used methods of separation have their limits, what opens field for finding new ways. One part of the Thesis contains preparation of simple ion exchangers and their selectivity study. The other part of the Thesis is dedicated to optimization of synthetic steps leading to new bifunctional ligands in suitable form for binding to macromolecular carriers and preparation of new set of exchangers.
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Ligand design for medicinal applications
Paúrová, Monika ; Kotek, Jan (advisor) ; Trávníček, Zdeněk (referee) ; Řezanka, Pavel (referee)
In recent years, copper radioisotopes have been extensively studied for their suitable coordination and physical properties. Nuclides 61 Cu, 64 Cu and 67 Cu are used in nuclear medicine - in diagnostic as well as in therapeutic applications. The aim of the Thesis is a study of the coordination properties of divalent copper as a stepping stone for the next potential applications. The presented Thesis consists of two thematic parts. The first part deals with the synthesis of cyclam derivatives. Sixteen new macrocyclic ligands with different phosphorus acid coordinating pendant arms (phosphinate, phosphonate, germinal P-C-P) were prepared; an analogous ligand endowed by carboxylic acid pendant arm as well as tetramethylcyclam without coordinating arm were prepared for comparison. The influence of the nature of coordinating acid pendant arms on selectivity and on the rate of copper(II) complexation was studied in detail. The protonation constants of the free ligands and the stability constants of the complexes with selected transition metal ions were determined by potentiometric titrations and by 1 H and 31 P NMR spectroscopy. Kinetic properties - i.e. studies of the formation rate and kinetic inertness of the copper(II) complexes - were performed by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The formation kinetics of the selected...
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The specifics of the work of nurse at the department of nuclear medicine
JONSZTOVÁ, Lucie
Nuclear medicine is a medical discipline, that deals with investigational and treatment methods, used by open radioactive emitters - known as radiopharmaceuticals. At present, the methods of nuclear medicine are very used and constantly developing. This bachelor's thesis is divided into a theoretical and an empirical part. The theoretical part of the work contains the requirements for knowledge of nurses working at the nuclear medicine ward. This section discusses particularly the ionizing radiation, its biological effects, methods of nuclear medicine and, of course, radiopharmaceuticals. In this part are mentioned also the educational opportunities for nurses, which are focused mainly on postgraduate education. An important part of the nurse's work is the protection against the ionizing radiation, in this work we consider the protection of nurses and patients. In the last segment are described the most common procedures of examination and some techniques of treatment in nuclear medicine. The empirical piece of work has been processed through a qualitative approach by the help of a semi-structured interview. The interviews were conducted with nurses working at the department of nuclear medicine. The informations obtained from the nurses were analyzed and subsequently categorized. In the context of the exploratory research, was set the goal - to map the specifics of the nurse's work at the department of nuclear medicine. The results of the research survey showed, what are the specifics of the nurse's work at the nuclear medicine's department. Among the specifics of the nurse's work belongs especially theoretical knowledge, the machine operating, the preparation for actual examination and its execution, providing informations and the associated protection from ionizing radiation. The results also pointed to the lack of opportunities nurses have for education in the area of nuclear medicine and told of their satisfaction from working at this department.
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Design and synthesis of ligands for selective copper(II) separation
Beliš, Marek ; Kotek, Jan (advisor) ; Smrček, Stanislav (referee)
Radioisotopes of copper are used in nuclear medicine for their physical properties. One step in process of preparing copper-containing radiopharmaceuticals is separation of copper radionuclides from other elements, especially zinc and nickel. The target of this Thesis is preparation of ligands based on linear tetraamine skeleton, which should be able of selective complexation and decomplexation of copper depending on pH of the solution. The Thesis contains synthesis of ligands, their NMR study and measurement of dissociation kinetics of their Cu-complexes. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Polymer carriers for nuclear medicine
Sedláček, Ondřej ; Hrubý, Martin (advisor) ; Smrček, Stanislav (referee) ; Sedláková, Zdeňka (referee)
In the thesis, we developed and studied a novel polymer delivery system for the DNA-intercalator bearing radioisotope iodine-125. Auger electrons emitting radioisotopes (such as iodine-125 or indium-111) are a potentially effective cancer treatment. Their use as an effective cancer therapy requires that they will be transported within close proximity of DNA, where they induce double-strand breaks leading to the cell death. This type of therapy may be even more beneficial when associated with drug delivery systems. The DNA intercalators proved to be effective carriers for the delivery of Auger electron emitters into DNA. Therefore, the new radioiodinated DNA-intercalating ellipticinium derivatives were synthesized and characterized. These compounds were linked to N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide copolymer with narrow molecular weight distribution via acid-sensitive hydrazone linker. The structure of the linker plays a crucial role in the biological effectivity of the delivery system, so it was optimized to be stable at pH 7.4 (representing the pH of blood plasma), whereas in slightly acidic pH in endosomes after the cell internalization, the radioiodine-containing biologically active intercalator is rapidly released from its polymer carrier. The intercalating ability of the active compound was...
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The role of radiologist assistant in radioiodine diagnostics and treatment of thyroid cancer
Hrbek, Jaroslav ; Táborská, Kateřina (referee) ; Vlček, Petr (advisor)
The bachelors thesis on the task of a radiological assistant during radioiodine diagnostics and treatment of thyroid gland carcinomas deals with the issue of thyroid gland carcinomas in the Czech Republic. It contains a brief overview of the types of carcinomas that affect the thyroid gland, their classification, diagnostics and therapy, concentrating on utilisation of modern examination methods and therapeutic practices, including among others application of radioiodine. The thesis also contains cases of four patients with similar diagnoses, the comparison of the development of whose respective illnesses I found interesting. Last but not least, the thesis includes a number of annexes comprising among others tables with important instructions for patients before and after application of radioiodine, and photographs from the site where the radioiodine application takes place Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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