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The use of leisure time to develop psychomotor development of children under three years
SMRČKOVÁ, Adéla
The Bachelor thesis deals with the research issue of the possibility of leveraging free time as a part of psychomotor development of children under the age of three. Within the theoretical part the notions of leisure time, such as the importance of the influence of the family environment on the formation of the relationship to free time in the smallest children are characterised. The question of whether and how younger children actually perceive and understand free time is the starting question that has to be asked in the introducing right now. The thesis also includes a description of age periods: newborn, infant and toddler. Bachelor thesis also characterizes their sensory and psychomotor development. At the same time, these three development periods form the target groups of the practical part. Furthermore the work deals with the definition of the game and its development at different stages of the child's life. In the practical part three draft activities suitable for the adequate psychomotor development of the child in free time are processed.
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Historical view of the treatment of a new born child in the Czech Republic.
KRATINOVÁ, Lucie
This diploma thesis named " Historical view of the treatment of a new born child in the Czech Republic" is a purely theoretical work. The main aim of this thesis is to review and analyse opinions concerning childbirth care and the mother-child skin-to-skin contact by placing the baby to mother´s breast. The conception of this thesis is a historical analytical research into both the primary and secondary literary sources and the analysis of the content of the reviewed opinions, the focus aimed at the period from ancient times to the 21st century. In this thesis, not only the care of a new-born child and putting the baby to mother´s breast is described, but also other professions dealing with the relevant techniques and their practicing are mentioned. In ancient times, birth care was provided by experienced trusted women who passed their skills and knowledge on from generation to generation. At those past times the care at birth was closely linked to religion, rituals and magic. In the course of time, the midwife profession came into existence. Midwifes began to educate themselves by reading textbooks where they could find complex advice on how to proceed in certain situations and how to handle new-born child in contact with its mother coming into world in home environment Later on, women began to move birth from home to maternity hospital. Former midwifes became birth assistants and gynaecology nurses. The new-born care began to be shared between paediatric nurses and gynaecology nurses. As a consequence, mothers could see their child several hours, even several days after birth. The development and advancement of medical science consequently brought changed insight into the birth care techniques. In the second half of the 20th century there was an important change of the attitude towards child birth care focussed on the return to natural birth giving process also in maternity hospital, in order that the newborn could again be in direct contact with its mother from the first moment outside the womb. Based on this point of view, first the rooming-in system followed by the more sophisticated Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative method were developed and introduced. At the beginning of 21st century obstetrics reached a very high level. New-born babies receive immediate care adequate to their health condition.
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Newborn Care Safety from Mothers' Perspective
HIPPMANNOVÁ, Sonja
Current Status: The need of safety and security is one of the basic needs of a newborn. The nurses' role is to assess the level of education need in a newborn baby care and educate the mother accordingly, using a suitable method. The aim of the research was to assess the level of knowledge of mothers in a newborn care safety in home environment. Methodology: The study used quantitative method of research, using the technique of non-standardized survey. The selection of the respondents was intentional. The focus group were mothers of physiological newborns (N=300), that gave birth in Hospital in Jablonec nad Nisou between 15.11. 2020 and 30.1.2021. Results: Approximately half of the respondents (52 %) claimed that the benefit of postpartum bonding between a mother and her newborn is promotion of creation of breast milk. Only 45 % of respondents claimed that they wash their hands longer than 30 seconds and less than 1/5 of all respondents follow all six steps of proper hand washing. Less than half of the respondents (45 %) consider sleeping position on stomach or side of a newborn as a risk factor of SIDS. More than half of the respondents (60 %) knew how to resuscitate a newborn. The share of mothers in age category between 18-25 who answered wrong questions asking about CPR of a newborn was statistically significantly greater (p = 0,035) than share of mothers in higher age category. Respondents whose postpartum hospitalization lasted more than 72 hours claimed greater satisfaction with education in breast care statistically significantly more often (p = 0,029) than mothers hospitalized for shorter time. Respondents with primary level of education answered wrong questions asking about manipulation with a baby on a changing table statistically significantly more often (p = 0,046) than mothers with higher levels of education. Mothers having a fourth baby answered correctly question if blisters are a symptom of omphalitis, statistically significantly more often than mothers with less children (p = 0,014). Conclusion and Utilisation in Practice: Based on results of the research was created educational material "At Home with a Newborn Baby. A Few Handy Tips".
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Problematics of newborns with hip dysplasia on the ward of physiological newborns
MAREŠOVÁ, Tereza
The bachelor thesis is dedicated to problems of physiological newborns with a hip dysplasia in the department of physiological newborns. The thesis is divided in the theoretical and the practical part. The theoretical part contains the hip joint description, it's anatomy and physiology. Then history of the hip joint dysplasia treatment, etiology and diagnostics of the developmental hip joint dysplasia. We also pursue examination methods, evaluation and dysplasia treatment. First of all also caretaker's care of newborns with the defect. In the practical part the qualitative research investigation was used as well as the questionnaire method and the technique of half-structured deep interviews. The reasearch file is composed of 11 women, 5 mothers, who have children with a hip joint dysplasia and 6 midwifes and child nurses working in the deparmtent of physiological newborns in the chosen hospital in the South - Bohemian region. 3 targets were given. The first target was to map the task of caretakers' staff in the hip joint dysplasia screening. The second was to map specifics of caretakers' care of the newborns with the hip joint dysplasia in the department of physiological newborns. The thirs target was to map the caretakers' task in mothers' education. For these targets 4 research questions were placed. The first question examines the task of caretakers in the hip joint dysplasia screening. The second question examines the specifics of the caretakers' care of newborns with a hip joint dysplasia in the department of physiological newborns. The third question asks for the way how are mothers educated by caretaker's staff about the hip joint dysplasia. On the base of research 8 categories and 25 sub-categories were defined. The fisrt 4 categories are dedicated to mothers. The first category is dedicated to the mothers' konwledge about the disease before diagnostics, the next one is dedicated to treatment and result possibilities. The second category examines the nurses education from the perspective of mothers and mainly hygiene education, régime and movement, we were focused on the way of eduaction. The third category is dedicated to care specifis from the perspective of mothers, here we examine treatment aids and problems which met mothers during the treatment. The baby examination from the perspective of mothers examines the fourth category. Here we followed how the baby was examined in the department, next examinations and how was the baby prepared by a mother for the examination and how a nurse participated. Next followed the categories which pursue caretakers' staff. The fifth category examines caretakers' knowledge, mainly kind and usage of aids, risky factors, VDK signs, which can nurses or midwifes follow, next examinations and amount of knowledge evaluation. In the sixth category we examined the education from the perspective of caretakers' staff. In the category we examined the way of education and how the staff educates mothers in the sphere of hygiene and care of skin and movement. We also wanted to know how they would improve the education. The seventh category is dedicated to examination from the perspective of caretakers' staff. We focused on the task of nurses or midwifes during the examination, how was the baby examined and how was prepared for the examination. The last category focuses on the specifics of care of newborns with a hip dysplasia in the department of physiological newborns. All the responders were acquainted with the Bachelor thesis topic and were informed about keeping anonymous in the research. A midwife is competent to work in the department of physiological newborns, that's why I think it is important to know at least basic information and be able to educate a mother properly.
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Birth Injuries in Neonatology.
ŠKVOROVÁ, Adéla
Current status: Mechanical damage to the newborn during childbirth can cause traumatic injuries. These may be visible immediately after delivery or within hours or days thereafter (Dort et al., 2013). Several risk factors or improperly managed childbirth can contribute to birth injuries, the most common at present including fractures of the collarbone and bleeding under the periosteum or paresis (Huml et al., 2013). Many injuries do not have permanent consequences, however, in such cases, multidisciplinary expert care is required. Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the frequency and types of birth injuries in full-term newborns in a selected maternity hospital, to map their risk factors and consequences, to evaluate the frequency of increased bilirubin in the body in full-term newborns with cephalhematomas, and last but not least, to describe the nursing process in full-term newborns with a selected birth injury. Methodology: In the empirical part of this work, a mixed design combining quantitative and qualitative research was used. Selection of the research set was intentional, where in the quantitative part of the study 1733 full-term newborns delivered in a selected Prague maternity hospital in the period 1 January 2019 to 1 July 2019 were included. The research sample for the qualitative part of the study consisted of 10 nurses working in a selected maternity ward. The size of the research sample was given by theoretical saturation of the data. Results: Out of the total number of 1733 newborns, 280 newborns with birth injuries were delivered (16.2%). The most common injuries included obstetric tumors (12.2%), cephalhematoma (2.9%) and clavicle fractures (0.6%). Statistically significant risk factors increasing the likelihood of birth injuries involved prolonged labour (p < 0.001), shoulder dystocia (p = 0.045), irregular fetal position (p < 0.001), use of forceps (p= 0.005), and vacuum extraction (p < 0.001). Conclusion and use for practice: Based on the results, educational material was created for parents of newborns with birth injuries - a collarbone fracture.
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Current trends in the care of newborns.
MARKOVÁ, Anna
Neonatology is a branch of medicine that still evolves. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust some experienced, obsolete or even dangerous procedures so as to find current care options that will suit either current medicine or current society. The thesis aims both to verify the newborn care development in a period of the last twenty years and to primarily map the actual situation. The diploma thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part of the work deals with current obstetrics and clarifies individual areas of newborn care. The practical part presents the results obtained using a qualitative research survey, having two goals delineated. The first goal focuses on mapping changes occurring in the newborn care in the past twenty years. The second goal aims to realize possible benefits of alterations to mother and child. To obtain data, two sets of framework questions were set. One questionnaire was determined for nurses and midwives who had at least ten years' experience in taking care for the newborn and the other for mothers where it was at least a five-year- gap between the first and last delivery. The research survey shows that over the years there have been changes in all areas of newborn care that we monitor. In the first treatment of the newborn after birth, in the initiation of nutrition, bath, care of the umbilical stump, in the childbirth management and other necessary procedures where the needs of the child and the mother's wishes must merge. Personnel' knowledge and procedures in individual facilities also play an important role, which should correspond with current recommendations. Information obtained from the research survey could be used to think about possibilities how to make the work of nurses and midwives more efficient and it could be used to improve the quality of nursing care.
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The evaluation of procedural pain within the laboratory screening of newborns.
PELENKOVÁ, Radka
Pain in newborns is nowadays considered a coherent, commonly used term. Pain in newborns can be diagnosed and then successfully treated through evaluation methods adjusted to the age of a child. Correct evaluation and treatment of pain are fundamental needs of every individual including newborns. Newborn screening is active and full-area searching of congenital or heredetary diseases and their disorders in the preclinical state, before they can become apparent. Laboratory screening, which we will focus on in this work, is made by taking capillary blood of newborn. Capillary blood is taken from the heel and different tools can be used. Our aim was to find out, if there are any differences between the newborn pain using two different tools. Second aim was to find out, if there are any differences between the difficulty of blood sampling using two different tools. The third aim was to map benefits and disadvantages of the two tools from the point of view of the staff. Quantitative and qualitative survey was used for the research. The investigation of the quantitative survey was realized by the method of observation of the blood sample collection and evaluation of pain according to the NFCS scale. The observation took place in Nemocnice České Budějovice a.s. and Nemocnice Tábor a.s. Verification of the hypotheses were made by statistical test called t-test. Alltogether 48 blood sample collections were observed, 24 made with lancet and 24 made with tenderfoot. The qualitative survey took place in the form of individual semi-standardized interviews with the staff of the neonatology department. The interviews were manually transcribed and subsequently analyzed. We divided the interviews into individual categories and subcategories, on the basis of which clear diagrams were created. Based on observation and statistical elaboration, the hypothesis H1 was verified - There are differences in pain intensity when taking blood from the heel using different tools. It was find that the tool tenderfoot is more suitable than lancet for lower pain intensity. The hypothesis H2 was declined - There are no differences in the difficulty of the blood sample colection from the heel using different tools. From the staff's point of view, tenderfoot has many positives, its only negatives are economical and ecological effect. Nurses find tenderfoot easier to use and they also consider safety for children and staff to be one of the main benefits. Based on the research results, the use of tenderfoot can be recommended to healthcare facilities due to the ease of the blood sample collection and lower pain intensity despice higher financial costs. The aim of healthcare should be primarily the comfort of the newborn during the blood sample collection.
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Perinatal Phase of Ontogenesis - Variability and Complications
Netušilová, Nikola ; Vančata, Václav (advisor) ; Hlaváčová, Lucie (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals mainly with obstetric complications, with a part dedicated to the so- called cephalopelvic disproportion. The theoretical part of the thesis gives the reader a comprehensive overview of childbirth and its course. In the introduction, childbirth is defined in general terms, followed by a description of the different components of childbirth, and then a description of the time of delivery. Finally, the theoretical part is devoted to the definition of the cephalopelvic disproportion. The anatomy of the pelvis and fetal head is mentioned in relation to this complication. Furthermore, the major risk factors that usually condition the development of this disproportion are described. The practical part is carried out in the form of a questionnaire survey. Based on the questionnaire, the most common risk factors were identified, the possible occurrence of cephalopelvic disproportion was mapped and it was also investigated whether the participants are sufficiently informed about the possible occurrence of this complication. Adequate information is very important in the context of obstetric complications. Basic information and diagnoses are necessary to ensure that the woman is advised to have a birth that does not endanger herself or her foetus. It is clear from the survey results...
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