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DNS Tunnelling Detection Based on Application Layer Data Analysis
Koutenský, Michal ; Krobot, Pavel (referee) ; Kováčik, Michal (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis deals with designing and implementing a detection algorithm for detecting DNS tunnelling using application layer data. The algorithm's design is preceded by overview and analysis of current tunneling tools and their shared characteristics. The tunnelling tool iodine is given extra attention and is used to carry out more complex tests and benchmarks. The thesis concludes by testing the implemented algorithm on real data and highlighting its strengths and shortcomings.
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Iodine in food
Laba, Marija ; Babák, Libor (referee) ; Vránová, Dana (advisor)
This research addresses the importance of iodine as a micronutrient for the human body. Although it seems that the required daily intake is small and it is calculated in micrograms, it is equally important for the organism. The issue deals and summarizes the occurrence of this element in food. Insufficient or excess intake causes serious illness. Based on this research, it is possible to imagine a supply of iodine in the Czech Republic and in the world. The collected information shows that iodine intake is different and it is depending on food, health status or age. The locality in which we live plays a big roli. Currently the salt iodization and wrong eating cause the growing problem of excessive intake of iodine in the body. Since the problem is solved only in theory, we can find a description of the most ideal method for determining the amount of iodine in food.
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Monitoring of thyroid activity in goats
BENDOVÁ, Markéta
This thesis deals with the activity of a thyroid gland of a goat in terms of an excessive iodine excretion in urine and milk. The milk iodine content as a potential source of iodine for humans is still a significant affair. Five milk collections were done in five observed farms during a lactation period. It was collected 144 individual mixed milk samples from 32 animals in total. Urine collections were made five times in the five observed farms 29 individual urine samples in total from 12 animals. The total iodine excretion in milk and urine was set. The average iodine content in milk of individual farms ranged from 41.72 to 143.54 ?g I.l-1 and the average iodine content in urine of individual farms ranged from 104,1 to 165,3 ?g I.l-1. It appears from that that type of stabling and also ration with mineral supplements have an impact on the iodine content. No impact on the iodine content was registered from lactation stage, age or specific breed. There's possible dependency on iodine content in milk and iodine content in urine.
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Thyroid Gland Activity in Horses
ŠINÁKLOVÁ, Petra
The bachelor thesis focused on the thyroid gland activity in horses assesses the thyroid gland activity in the selected group of horses based on the production of thyroid hormones (TT4, TT3, fT4 and fT3). Blood was taken from vena jugularis on a one-time basis in cooperation with private veterinarians. Afterwards the levels of thyroid hormones were measured by the RIA method. The thyroid gland activity was evaluated in a total of 12 horses (8 geldings and 4 mares) in the Region of South Bohemia. The average age was 8.5 years. In the tested samples the total T4 hormone was 37.24 +- 9,88 nmol-l-1 on average, while the total T3 hormone was 0.99 +- 0,23 nmol-l-1 on average. Free fractions of T4 hormone was 13.28 +- 2,66 pmol-l-1 on average and free fraction of T3 hormone was 5.43 +- 1,42 pmol-l-1. The highest level of TT4 hormone was measured in hot blood horses (46.03 nmol.l.-1), while the lowest level was in the group consisting of ponies and Huculs (27.86 nmol.l.-1). The highest value of TT3 hormone was in the group of ponies and Huculs (1.13 nmol.l.-1) and the lowest value in cold blood horse breeds (0.74 nmol.l.-1). The highest level of fT4 was in cold blood horse breeds (14.73 pmol.l.-1), while the lowest level was in hot blood horses (12.68 pmol.l.-1). The level of fT3 hormone was highest in hot blood horses (6.02 pmol.l.-1), while the lowest level was in cold blood horses (4.78 pmol.l.-1). The concentration of the total T4 and T3 was higher in mares than in geldings, namely by 1.81 nmol-l-1 and 0.05 nmol-l-1, respectively. By contrast, the concentration of free T3 was lower in mares than in geldings, namely by 0.32 nmol-l-1. The concentration of free T4 was also higher in mares than in geldings, namely by 1.31 nmol-l-1. When comparing our results with the reference values, it is obvious that the concentration of thyroid hormones was at the upper limit of the physiological range or slightly above the limit so lack of iodine and the related reduced thyroid gland activity cannot be presumed in those horses. The relations between the level of the thyroid gland activity and Ca concentrations in blood plasma concurrently with the activity of the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme were ascertained. The correlation coefficients showed a negative effect of an increased thyroid gland activity on the bone tissue metabolism and increased decalcification.
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Iodine content in milk and milk whey during lactation
JAKEŠOVÁ, Jitka
Milk is an important natural resource of iodine in human nutrition. The content of iodine in milk is an objective indicator of iodine saturation of cows. My work shows data about iodine content in milk and whey during lactation and other factors which affect the iodine contents. The experiment includes 12 milkers at the beginning of their lactation. This milkers are from breeding Haklovy Dvory, which is situated near České Budějovice. Samples of milk were collected with monitoring performance regularly once a month since August to November 2014. The iodine content was determined spectrometrically after alkaline burning of the sample. The average content of iodine in milk in August 2014 was 169.63 ? 70.39 g.l-1, in September 202.25 ? 65.08 g.l-1, at the beginning of November (substitute sampling for October) 183.91 ? 65, 31 g.l-1 and at the end of November 2014 216.56 ? 68.67 g.l-1. The average iodine content in whey in August could not be realized. The average iodine content in whey in September was 140.5 ? 55,3 g.l-1, at the beginning of November 131.5 ? 45,9 g.l-1 and at the end of November 2014 168.2 ? 77, 8 g.l-1. The iodine content in the milk whey corresponds with the range for the recommended daily ration of iodine.
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Iodine content in the pool samples milk
SOJKOVÁ, Lada
Abstrakt The work deals with the content of iodine in pools samples cow's milk. It provides information about the content of iodine in the Czech Republic within years and districts. Milk was obtained in collaboration with Madeta a.s. Iodine was subsequently determined by spectrophotometry after alkaline combustion of the sample (Sandell-Kolthoff method). A total were evaluated of 149 samples milk (2013-2015). In 2013, the average iodine content in bulk milk samples 289,3 gl-1. In 2014, the average iodine content in bulk milk samples 222,2 microgram.l-1. In terms of food source of iodine in the milk TRÁVNÍČEK et al. (2011) reported the optimal value for the content of iodine in the milk of between 100 to 200 microgram.l-1. The results are thus slightly higher than the optimum. Within the districts was found the highest average in 2013 in the district of Tábor (398,0 microgram.l-1). The highest average content measured in 2014 was found in the district Prachatice (357,0 microgram.l-1), while the lowest average value measured was found in the district Třebíč (163,0 microgram.l-1).
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Food supplements and iodine supplementation in pregnancy
VAVROUŠKOVÁ, Edita
Iodine is a trace element tremendously important for thyroid gland hormone production. It affects normal evolution of brain, especially in the time of intrauterine development and in the first year of child's life. Deficiency of iodine can lead to creation of pregnancy goiter, it also decrease the probability of carrying fetus to term and increase the probability of disorder in psycho-motoric evolution of child. Czech Republic is geographically lined up among the regions with lack of iodine in natural sources and food. However, nowadays the iodine deficiency is considered to be managed. But risk groups of population still exists, especially pregnant women can be endangered by lack of iodine, because the need of iodine intake in pregnancy increases to 200 250 ug per day and this level must be ensured. Consumption of food rich in iodine can cover the increased need of iodine. Significant source of iodine is milk and milk products. Another source is table salt enriched with iodine, but its daily intake is limited. Rich sources of iodine like sea fish, sea products and seaweed rarely occur in our diet. The goal of thesis was to evaluate intake of dietary supplements with iodine by pregnant women and evaluate women's awareness of higher iodine need and iodine food sources. Quantitative research in form of questionnaires was chosen for getting information from higher number of individuals. The questionnaire consists of 15 questions. Answers were gained from 118 respondents living in Central Bohemia, Moravia-Silesia region, Liberec region, region Highlands and South Bohemia. Questionnaire was distributed to gynecological ambulances by employees of State health institution. I visited gynecological ambulances in South Bohemia personally. By evaluation of questionnaire was found out that dietary supplement with iodine use 63 % pregnant women in researched population. All respondents always use only one type of dietary supplement. Among the most used belong "Chytré miminko", "GS mamavit" and "Femibion 800". 68 % of respondents know the importance of higher iodine intake in time of pregnancy. Question about daily recommended dosage was correctly answered only by 35 % of respondents. As a food sources of iodine the pregnant women know sea fishes, sea products, seaweed and table salt enriched with iodine. But 90 % of respondents are not familiar with milk and milk products as important source of iodine. Pregnant women should be better informed about importance of sufficient supply of iodine and about sources of iodine by gynecological ambulances. Information about mentioned issues should occur in magazines, education materials and internet articles more often. Respondents were notified of issues and important role of iodine in time of pregnancy by questionnaire. It is very probable that women found correct answers on the internet or in publication for expectant mothers after filling in the questionnaire.
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Food supplements and iodine supplementation breastfeeding women
IVANOVÁ, Markéta
Iodine is a trace element that is essential for the production of thyroid hormones triiodothyronine and thyroxine. Iodine deficiency had in the past result in many serious diseases and disorders. At present is in the Czech Republic considered mastered. However, Iodine deficiency are vulnerable to specific groups of the population, including pregnant and nursing women, because of their need and the recommended daily dose of iodine is increased. Breastfeeding women should receive adequate amounts of dietary iodine for optimal saturation for themselves and their child. Otherwise, exposing themselves and their child risk of diseases and disorders of iodine deficiency. Increased supply of iodine can be replaced by eating foods rich in iodine. In the event that you cannot increase intake of iodine - rich food preferences in iodine, there are various supplements that contain iodine. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the intake of iodine supplements and supplements in nursing women and breast-feeding women to assess the awareness for greater needs of iodine and food iodine sources. There were set up the three research questions: How many nursing women used to supply iodine supplements and supplements?, What is the awareness of breastfeeding women need more iodine? and What is the awareness of breastfeeding women about dietary sources of iodine? A quantitative research strategy was used for the implementation of the research. The method used for data collection was made by an anonymous questionnaire. A questionnaire was handed in a printed copy to pediatricians and gynecologists in the southern Bohemia. With the doctors help were invited nursing women to fulfill the questionnaire. Part of the women was invited to complete the questionnaire directly. The research sample consisted of 117 female respondents. The research shows that 62 % of breastfeeding women know why it is important to increased need for iodine during lactation. But only 9 % of women know all the risks of iodine deficiency on the mother mentioned in the questionnaire and only one new mother knows all risk of iodine deficiency for infants listed in the questionnaire. The recommended daily intake of iodine properly reported or estimated 40.2 % of women. It turned out that 46 % of respondents from the research group used food supplements and supplements containing iodine. Each of these respondents used only one preparation with iodine. The most commonly used products were: GS mamavit, a Smart baby and Femibion 400 and Gravital. 43 % of respondents had used a dietary supplement containing iodine from the beginning of pregnancy and in 57 % of the respondents were informed about food supplements through a doctor (gynecologist, pediatrician). The results showed that awareness of breastfeeding women about food sources of iodine is not good. 67 % of women know that settlement higher needs iodine during lactation is possible by eating foods rich in iodine, but all food sources of iodine in the questionnaires (sea fish, seafood and seaweed, iodized salt, and milk and dairy products) registered only one respondent. 39 % of women known as a rich source of iodine, seafood, seafood and seaweed, iodized salt , but none of them knew that the rich and a good source of iodine is also milk and dairy products. Based on the results of the work would be desirable to issue educational print disabled educational material that could be used to increase awareness of not only women who are breastfeeding, pregnant women as well as the higher of the recommended daily dose of iodine and what foods to include in your diet in order to pay the increased intake of iodine. Provide information on supplements containing iodine, which can add missing quantities of iodine, what products are available and what are the currently preferred by nursing women.
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Dietary supplements and iodine supplementation for children 11-12 years in the Czech Republic
HALÁSZOVÁ, Monika
Bachelor Thesis called "Dietary supplements and iodine supplementation for children 11-12 years in the Czech Republic" deal with the intake of dietary supplements containing iodine and intake of other significant dietary sources of iodine in relationship to saturation with iodine in the monitored group of 300 children aged 11-12 years . The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. Theoretical part deal with established issues in light of current situation and uses the knowledge of specialized literature in these areas: iodine and his dietary sources, influence of deficient or excessive intake of iodine on thyroid gland and its function, and also the solution to iodine deficit in Czech Republic. The thesis also deals with dietary supplements and nutrition of school-aged children. Practical part is focused on quantitative research. This research was done on selected group of children who had low level of ioduria (iodine in urine) according to State health institution. Statistical file included 300 children of both gender in age from 11 to 12 who live in Czech Republic. The reason why children of this age were chosen is because of importance of optimal intake of iodine in period of physical and sexual evolution. The children were divided into two groups. One group had ioduria up to 300ug/l and the second group had ioduria over 300u/l. Data were collected through questionnaire. Because of age of respondents, the questionnaire was filled in presence of at least parent. The questionnaire should have also served to parents as information about iodine importance for their children. The individual evaluation of ioduria and questionnaire was given to parents upon their request. Collected data were evaluated in Microsoft Excel. In practical part, two main goals and two research questions are set. Their task is to determine the rate of usage of dietary supplements with iodine and to find out what significant sources of iodine the children with ioduria over 300u/l take in. The milk and milk products, salt with iodine, salted delicacies, sea products and dietary supplements with iodine were observed as probable main sources of iodine intake. The first goal was to find out the amount of iodine intake from dietary supplements for previously mentioned group of children. The second goal was to find out if the dietary supplements with iodine (or any other combination of food rich on iodine) are used by observed individuals with ioduria over 300u/l. The results of research show if the respondent's level of ioduria is affected by in taking the dietary supplements or food with significantly higher content of iodine. My own research proved relatively frequent (but irregular) intake of dietary supplements with iodine by whole examined population. On the other hand, usage of dietary supplements with iodine is probably not correlated with usage of table salt without iodine or with thyroid gland illness by individual respondent or in his family. The milk and milk products and table salt with iodine proved to be the main source of iodine. According to research, children with excessive ioduria consume sources of iodine as frequent as other children. Deeper insight into results shows that reason for excessive saturation with iodine is combination of intake of dietary supplements as well as other significant food sources of iodine, especially milk and its products. By several respondents, the higher level of ioduria can be caused by higher consummation of sea products or by usage of dietary supplements with iodine in last two days. The need for better awareness about suitable rate of iodine dietary supplements intake as well as medical importance for lowering the amount of (iodine) table salt in food was discovered by research. The optimal supply of iodine by higher percent of observed population could be also achieved by optimizing the content of iodine in milk.
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