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Application possibilities of refractometer for liquids diagnostics
Macháč, Milan ; Kazelle, Jiří (referee) ; Frk, Martin (advisor)
This bachelor thesis focuses on application possibilities of refractometer for liquids diagnostics. The first part of the thesis focuses on the theoretical basics propagation of electromagnetic waves. The next section focuses on the measurement of refractive index, refractometry, a description of each type refractometers and short introduction to interferometry. The penultimate chapter is devoted to an application using a refractometer and what can measure and calculate. The last chapter is a practical part, there is described a calibration process, the measured values of the refractive index of liquids and evaluate the results.
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Nanometric vibrometry
Ševčík, Michal ; Schimmel, Jiří (referee) ; Škarvada, Pavel (advisor)
This thesis deals with the precise measurement of distances in nanometer range at ultrasonic frequencies for the purposes of vibrometry. The paper is primary focused on~nanometric displacement measurement methods. First the thesis deals with the physical phenomena based on light in the theoretical section. This includes interference of light, index of refraction, polarization, interferometry and more. Understanding of these physical laws is crucial for design and assembling of the interferometer. Subjects of interferometric method for precise and fast measurement of the nanometric displacement and vibration are discussed. Interferometer components such as lasers, photodetectors and optical elements are described are described in the final part of this section. Practical section of thesis can be divided into two parts. The design and assembling issues are discussed in the first section. Many problems which I had to solve are described. Control software and implementation of the signal processing is the subject of the second part. I met with particular problems such as phase unwrapping. I solved this problem of discontinuous phase field with user written algorithm. Finally the graphical user interface was created. Using assembled interferometer and written software application I measured vibration of Langevin transducer on ultrasonic frequencies.
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Analysis of operating fluids properties
Chrobák, Jan ; Rozsívalová, Zdenka (referee) ; Frk, Martin (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on introducing the mathematical and physical fundamentals of viskosity, density and refractive index of liquids and methods of its measurement. Based on available literatures specify review of areas in which the measurement of dynamic viscosity is used for evaluation the actual state of liquid materials. Discuss the possibility of using for example variables to determine the concentration of fat in milk and ethanol in alcoholic beverages. The sample of liquid to realize the practical measurements.
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Optical spectrometer designing
Dohnal, Marek ; Křivák, Petr (referee) ; Hudcová, Lucie (advisor)
This project focuses the problems of projection and design of optical instruments being instrumental to determination of elements in various material compounds. There are described here the structures of fundamental optical instruments and their possible variants, one of which has been chosen and further entered into details. The work specifically refers to an optical spectrometer, which by its nature, ranges the bands both of visible and near-infrared radiation. The work presents basic principles of particular parts, which the existent instrument can consist of, the advantages and disadvantages brought by the single parts. For specifically proposed configuration, intentionally set in such a way it uses state-of-the art measurement methods obtaining the best possible measurement results, the work analyzes in details the method of operation and solves numerically the theoretical assumptions for correct operation of the spectrometer. A constituent of the project is an experimental measurement testifying, with certain errors, to the theoretical solutions. The measurement errors that could result from chosen arrangement and chosen measurement method are numerically expressed in a separate sub-chapter. Further various calibration methods are mentioned, based on which the calibration method used during the experimental measurement was selected. The last part of project is focused on circumferential design of the optical spectrometer, where series of suitable circumferential elements was scrutinized. For basic elements there are presented their parameters and possible troubles related to the implementation. Furthermore the realisation of project was carried out and the spectrometer was assembled with the parts available in laboratory. The results were elaborated with a computer programme created specially for this application and then compared to a professional spectrometer.
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Measurement of optical lenses parameters
Wintr, Aleš ; Coufalíková,, Aneta (referee) ; Hudcová, Lucie (advisor)
This paper contains a basic overview and description of optical lenses. It introduces different types of optical lenses and shows how they influence the passing of light beams. It deals with the production of optical lenses and their practical use. It describes types of optical blemishes that exist in real optical systems. Particular attention is given to parameters of optical lenses and their measurement in practice. It includes a Matlab program to calculate parameters of optical lenses derived from the measurements.
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Study of refractive index dispersion dependences with using of interference microscopy
Schmiedová, Veronika ; Veselý, Michal (referee) ; Zmeškal, Oldřich (advisor)
The master´s thesis deals with the study of optical properties of thin transparent layers on the organic materials (PPV, P3HT, TiO2, DPP) and especially with the determination of dispersion dependences of refractive index of prepared thin layers. In the theoretical part there are described principles of deposition thin layers of the analyzed materials and their properties. In addition, there are also described methods of optical properties measurements (optical and interference microscopy and ellipsometry). The combination of interference microscope with digital camera was used for determination of refractive index. The image analysis was used for the determination of parameters (with help of the software HarFA). The images of thin layers surfaces were analyzed from the side of the metal contact as well as from the side of glass. In conclusion, there are presented results of the refractive index of the thin layers obtained from the measured values.
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Study of thin film organic materials thickness
Hegerová, Lucie ; Veselý, Michal (referee) ; Zmeškal, Oldřich (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with the determination of thickness and refractive index of thin organic films using image analysis. In the theoretical part there are described principles of the methods, which are used to prepare the films (spin coating, inkjet printing, vapour deposition), the characteristics of thin films, ways of finding out the thickness and refractive index of substances (weight methods, electric methods, method based on measurement of absorption coefficient of light, interference microscopy, ellipsometry) and also image analysis (harmonic and wavelet analysis). Interference microscope Epival - Interpako (Carl Zeiss Jena), digital camera Nikon Coolpix 5400 and computer were used for the determination of thickness and refractive index. The thicknesses of layers were set on the basis of interference images of edges and grooves – both from the side of the metal contact and the side of underlying glass. The refractive indices of thin layers were then set using the recorded figures. In the final part of the thesis there are discussed the results of interference images photographed along the full length of the aluminium contact which are used for measuring electrical characteristics of DPP structures. The produces are thicknesses and refractive indices of individual layers.
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Point particle kinematics and light propagation in de Sitter spacetime
Michalík, Tomáš ; Hinterleitner,, Franz (referee) ; Larsen, Klaus Bering (advisor)
V této práci se zabýváme de Sitterovou speciální relativiou, která se odehrává v de Sitterově časoprostoru namísto Minkowského časoprostoru. Začínáme studií grupy symetrie de Sitterova časoprostoru. Snažíme se použít tyto poznatky k rozvinutí kinematiky v de Sitterově časoprostoru. Dále přezkoumáváme spojení mezi elektrodynamikou na pevně zvoleném časoprostoru a elektrodynamikou v makroskopickém médiu v plochém časoprostoru. Toto aplikujeme na de Sitterův časoprostor a hledáme index lomu sdruženého média.
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Study of thin films refractive index by interference microscopy
Procházka, Petr ; Veselý, Michal (referee) ; Zmeškal, Oldřich (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused to measure of spectral dependences of refractive index in thin layers. The object of this thesis was measurement of dispersion dependences of refractive index. The theoretical part deals with present methods of refractive index measurements and quantities associated with. These methods were ordered from the easiest to the most complex methods. Intention of own work was reached results by the very easy method of interference mi-croscopy. Thin layers of various organic matters were investigated by optical microscope and main-ly by interference microscope to determine their optical attributes – refractive index and his dis-persion dependences. There were images, which were made by interference microscope and digital camera. These images were subjected to image analysis by computer program HarFA. Dispersion dependences of refractive index were proved by elaboration by this computer pro-gram.
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Vliv koncentrace močoviny na index lomu kapaliny pro selektivní katalytickou redukci
Macek, Marek
This diploma thesis focuses on checking of impact of urea concentration on refractive index of the liquid for selective catalytic reduction. The attention in the introduction part is paid on basic optical terms and laws, particularly on refractive index. Furthermore, the measurement of refraction index is described through particular refractometers and utilization of the refractive index of the liquid in technical practice. In the second part the thesis is focused on problematics of creation of nitrogen oxide emissions, aqueous solution of urea and on description of the construction of the system of selective catalytic reduction. The last, practical part of the thesis includes methodics of measuring of the refractive index of the aqueous solution of urea in various concentrations of urea. The experimental measurement was carried out in laboratories of the Department of Technology and Automobile Transport of Mendel University in Brno. In the conclusion of the practical part are data gained by measuring graphically and statistically evaluated and they are commented appropriately.
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